Nickel-cadmium Battery Market (Type: Vented Cell and Sealed Cell) - Global Industry Analysis, Size, Share, Growth, Trends, and Forecast, 2022-2031

Nickel-cadmium Battery Market (Type: Vented Cell and Sealed Cell) - Global Industry Analysis, Size, Share, Growth, Trends, and Forecast, 2022-2031

Nickel-cadmium Battery Market – Scope of Report

TMR’s report on the global nickel-cadmium battery market studies the past as well as the current growth trends and opportunities to gain valuable insights of the indicators of the market during the forecast period from 2022 to 2031. The report provides revenue of the global nickel-cadmium battery market for the period 2017–2031, considering 2022 as the base year and 2031 as the forecast year. The report also provides the compound annual growth rate (CAGR %) of the global nickel-cadmium battery market from 2022 to 2031.

The report has been prepared after an extensive research. Primary research involved bulk of the research efforts, wherein analysts carried out interviews with key opinion leaders, industry leaders, and opinion makers. Secondary research involved referring to key players’ product literature, annual reports, press releases, and relevant documents to understand the nickel-cadmium battery market.

Secondary research also included Internet sources, statistical data from government agencies, websites, and trade associations. Analysts employed a combination of top-down and bottom-up approaches to study various attributes of the global nickel-cadmium battery market.

The report includes an elaborate executive summary, along with a snapshot of the growth behavior of various segments included in the scope of the study. Moreover, the report sheds light on the changing competitive dynamics in the global nickel-cadmium battery market. These serve as valuable tools for existing market players as well as for entities interested in participating in the global nickel-cadmium battery market.

The report delves into the competitive landscape of the global nickel-cadmium battery market. Key players operating in the global nickel-cadmium battery market have been identified and each one of these has been profiled, in terms of various attributes. Company overview, financial standings, recent developments, and SWOT are attributes of players in the global nickel-cadmium battery market profiled in this report.

RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

The research methodology will be a combination of exhaustive primary and secondary research to analyze the market nickel-cadmium battery.

Secondary Research

Secondary research includes a search of company literature, technical writing, patent data, Internet sources, and statistical data from government websites, trade associations, and agencies. This has proven to be the most reliable, effective, and successful approach for obtaining precise data, capturing industry participants’ insights, and recognizing business opportunities.

Secondary research sources that we typically refer, but are not limited to:

Company websites, presentations, annual reports, white papers, technical paper, product brochure

Internal and external proprietary databases and relevant patents

National government documents, statistical databases, and market reports

News articles, press releases, and webcasts specific to companies operating in the market

Specific Secondary Sources:

  • Industry Sources:
  • WorldWideScience.org
  • Elsevier, Inc.
  • National Institutes of Health (NIH)
  • PubMed
  • NCBI
  • Department of Health Care Service
  • Trade Data Sources
  • Trade Map
  • UN Comtrade
  • Trade Atlas
  • Company Information
  • OneSource Business Browser
  • Hoover’s
  • Factiva
  • Bloomberg
  • Mergers & Acquisitions
  • Thomson Mergers & Acquisitions
  • MergerStat
  • Profound
Primary Research

During the course of research, we conduct in-depth interviews and discussions with a wide range of key industry participants and opinion leaders. Primary research represents bulk of research efforts, supplemented by extensive secondary research.

We conduct primary interviews on the ongoing basis with industry participants and commentators to validate data and analysis. A typical research interview fulfills the following functions:

Provides first-hand information on market size, market trends, growth trends, competitive landscape, outlook, etc.

Helps in validating and strengthening secondary research findings

Further develops the analysis team’s expertise and market understanding

Primary research involves e-mail interactions, telephonic interviews, as well as face-to-face interviews for each market, category, segment, and sub-segment across geographies

Participants who typically take part in such a process include, but are not limited to:

Industry participants: Marketing/product managers, market intelligence managers, and regional sales managers

Purchasing/Sourcing managers, technical personnel, distributors

Outside experts: Investment bankers, valuation experts, and research analysts specializing in specific markets

Key opinion leaders specializing in different areas corresponding to different industry verticals

List of primary participants, but not limited to:

Advanced Oncotherapy PLC

Danfysik A/S

Hitachi, Ltd.

IBA Worldwide

Mevion Medical Systems, Inc.

Data Triangulation: Information culled from “Secondary & Primary Sources” is cross-checked with “TMR Knowledge Repository”, which is updated every quarter.

Market Estimation: Market size estimations involved in-depth study of product features, technology updates, geographic presence, product demand, sales data (value or volume), historical year-on-year growth, and others. Other approaches were also utilized to derive market size and forecasts. Where no hard data was available, we employed modeling techniques in order to produce comprehensive datasets. A rigorous methodology has been adopted, wherein the available hard data are cross-referenced with the following data types to produce estimates:

Demographic Data: Healthcare expenditure, inflation rates, and others

Industry Indicators: R&D investment, technology stage, and infrastructure, sector growth, and facilities

Market Forecasting: Market forecasts for various segments are derived taking into account drivers, restraints/challenges, and opportunities prevailing in the market and considering advantages/disadvantages of segments/sub-segments over other segments/sub-segments. Business environment, historical sales pattern, unmet needs, competitive intensity, and country-wise surgery data are some of the other pivotal factors, which are considered to derive market forecasts.


1. Executive Summary
1.1. Global Market Outlook
1.2. Demand Side Trends
1.3. Key Facts and Figures
1.4. Trends Impacting Market
1.5. TMR’s Growth Opportunity Wheel
2. Market Overview
2.1. Market Segmentation
2.2. Key Developments
2.3. Market Definitions
2.4. Key Market Trends
2.5. Market Dynamics
2.5.1. Drivers
2.5.2. Restraints
2.5.3. Opportunities
2.6. Global Nickel-cadmium Battery Market Analysis and Forecast, 2022-2031
2.6.1. Global Nickel-cadmium Battery Market Volume (Units)
2.6.2. Global Nickel-cadmium Battery Market Value (US$ Mn)
2.7. Porter’s Five Forces Analysis
2.8. Regulatory Landscape
2.9. Value Chain Analysis
2.9.1. List of Raw Material Providers
2.9.2. List of Manufacturers
2.9.3. List of Dealers/Distributors
2.9.4. List of Potential Customers
2.10. Production Overview
2.11. Product Specification Analysis
2.12. Cost Structure Analysis
3. COVID-19 Impact Analysis
3.1. Impact on Supply Chain of Nickel-cadmium Battery
3.2. Impact on Demand of Nickel-cadmium Battery– Pre & Post Crisis
4. Impact of Current Geopolitical Scenario on Market
5. Production Output Analysis (Units), 2021
5.1. North America
5.2. Europe
5.3. Asia Pacific
5.4. Latin America
5.5. Middle East & Africa
6. Price Trend Analysis and Forecast (US$/Unit), 2022-2031
6.1. Price Comparison Analysis by Capacity
6.2. Price Comparison Analysis by Region
7. Global Nickel-cadmium Battery Market Analysis and Forecast, by Type, 2022–2031
7.1. Key Findings
7.2. Global Nickel-cadmium Battery Market Volume (Units) and Value (US$ Mn) Forecast, by Type, 2022–2031
7.2.1. Vented Cell
7.2.2. Sealed Cell
7.3. Global Nickel-cadmium Battery Market Attractiveness, by Type
8. Global Nickel-cadmium Battery Market Analysis and Forecast, by Capacity, 2022–2031
8.1. Key Findings
8.2. Global Nickel-cadmium Battery Market Volume (Units) and Value (US$ Mn) Forecast, by Capacity, 2022–2031
8.2.1. Up to 3,000 mAh
8.2.2. >3,000 mAh-10,000 mAh
8.2.3. >10,000 mAh-60,000 mAh
8.2.4. >60,000 mAh
8.3. Global Nickel-cadmium Battery Market Attractiveness, by Capacity
9. Global Nickel-cadmium Battery Market Analysis and Forecast, End-use, 2022–2031
9.1. Key Findings
9.2. Global Nickel-cadmium Battery Market Volume (Units) and Value (US$ Mn) Forecast, by End-use, 2022–2031
9.2.1. Utility Energy Storage
9.2.2. Automotive
9.2.3. Defense
9.2.4. Consumer Electronics
9.2.5. Power
9.2.6. Others
9.3. Global Nickel-cadmium Battery Market Attractiveness, by End-use
10. Global Nickel-cadmium Battery Market Analysis and Forecast, by Region, 2022–2031
10.1. Key Findings
10.2. Global Nickel-cadmium Battery Market Volume (Units) and Value (US$ Mn) Forecast, by Region, 2022–2031
10.2.1. North America
10.2.2. Europe
10.2.3. Asia Pacific
10.2.4. Latin America
10.2.5. Middle East & Africa
10.3. Global Nickel-cadmium Battery Market Attractiveness, by Region
11. North America Nickel-cadmium Battery Market Analysis and Forecast, 2022–2031
11.1. Key Findings
11.2. North America Nickel-cadmium Battery Market Volume (Units) and Value (US$ Mn) Forecast, by Type, 2022–2031
11.3. North America Nickel-cadmium Battery Market Volume (Units) and Value (US$ Mn) Forecast, by Capacity, 2022–2031
11.4. North America Nickel-cadmium Battery Market Volume (Units) and Value (US$ Mn) Forecast, by End-use, 2022–2031
11.5. North America Nickel-cadmium Battery Market Volume (Units) and Value (US$ Mn) Forecast, by Country, 2022–2031
11.5.1. U.S. Nickel-cadmium Battery Market Volume (Units) and Value (US$ Mn) Forecast, by Type, 2022–2031
11.5.2. U.S.
11.5.3. Nickel-cadmium Battery Market Volume (Units) and Value (US$ Mn) Forecast, by Capacity, 2022–2031
11.5.4. U.S. Nickel-cadmium Battery Market Volume (Units) and Value (US$ Mn) Forecast, by End-use, 2022–2031
11.5.5. Canada Nickel-cadmium Battery Market Volume (Units) and Value (US$ Mn) Forecast, by Type, 2022–2031
11.5.6. Canada Nickel-cadmium Battery Market Volume (Units) and Value (US$ Mn) Forecast, by Capacity, 2022–2031
11.5.7. Canada Nickel-cadmium Battery Market Volume (Units) and Value (US$ Mn) Forecast, by End-use, 2022–2031
11.6. North America Nickel-cadmium Battery Market Attractiveness Analysis
12. Europe Nickel-cadmium Battery Market Analysis and Forecast, 2022–2031
12.1. Key Findings
12.2. Europe Nickel-cadmium Battery Market Volume (Units) and Value (US$ Mn) Forecast, by Type, 2022–2031
12.3. Europe Nickel-cadmium Battery Market Volume (Units) and Value (US$ Mn) Forecast, by Capacity, 2022–2031
12.4. Europe Nickel-cadmium Battery Market Volume (Units) and Value (US$ Mn) Forecast, by End-use, 2022–2031
12.5. Europe Nickel-cadmium Battery Market Volume (Units) and Value (US$ Mn) Forecast, by Country and Sub-region, 2022-2031
12.5.1. Germany Nickel-cadmium Battery Market Volume (Units) and Value (US$ Mn) Forecast, by   Type, 2022–2031
12.5.2. Germany Nickel-cadmium Battery Market Volume (Units) and Value (US$ Mn) Forecast, by Capacity, 2022–2031
12.5.3. Germany Nickel-cadmium Battery Market Volume (Units) and Value (US$ Mn) Forecast, by End-use, 2022–2031
12.5.4. France Nickel-cadmium Battery Market Volume (Units) and Value (US$ Mn) Forecast, by Type, 2022–2031
12.5.5. France Nickel-cadmium Battery Market Volume (Units) and Value (US$ Mn) Forecast, by Capacity, 2022–2031
12.5.6. France Nickel-cadmium Battery Market Volume (Units) and Value (US$ Mn) Forecast, by End-use, 2022–2031
12.5.7. U.K. Nickel-cadmium Battery Market Volume (Units) and Value (US$ Mn) Forecast, by Type, 2022–2031
12.5.8. U.K. Nickel-cadmium Battery Market Volume (Units) and Value (US$ Mn) Forecast, by Capacity, 2022–2031
12.5.9. U.K. Nickel-cadmium Battery Market Volume (Units) and Value (US$ Mn) Forecast, by End-use, 2022–2031
12.5.10. Italy Nickel-cadmium Battery Market Volume (Units) and Value (US$ Mn) Forecast, by Type, 2022–2031
12.5.11. Italy Nickel-cadmium Battery Market Volume (Units) and Value (US$ Mn) Forecast, by Capacity, 2022–2031
12.5.12. Italy Nickel-cadmium Battery Market Volume (Units) and Value (US$ Mn) Forecast, by End-use, 2022–2031
12.5.13. Russia & CIS Nickel-cadmium Battery Market Volume (Units) and Value (US$ Mn) Forecast, by Type, 2022–2031
12.5.14. Russia & CIS Nickel-cadmium Battery Market Volume (Units) and Value (US$ Mn) Forecast, by Capacity, 2022–2031
12.5.15. Russia & CIS Nickel-cadmium Battery Market Volume (Units) and Value (US$ Mn) Forecast, by End-use, 2022–2031
12.5.16. Rest of Europe Nickel-cadmium Battery Market Volume (Units) and Value (US$ Mn) Forecast, by Type, 2022–2031
12.5.17. Rest of Europe Nickel-cadmium Battery Market Volume (Units) and Value (US$ Mn) Forecast, by Capacity, 2022–2031
12.5.18. Rest of Europe Nickel-cadmium Battery Market Volume (Units) and Value (US$ Mn) Forecast, by End-use, 2022–2031
12.6. Europe Nickel-cadmium Battery Market Attractiveness Analysis
13. Asia Pacific Nickel-cadmium Battery Market Analysis and Forecast, 2022–2031
13.1. Key Findings
13.2. Asia Pacific Nickel-cadmium Battery Market Volume (Units) and Value (US$ Mn) Forecast, by Type
13.3. Asia Pacific Nickel-cadmium Battery Market Volume (Units) and Value (US$ Mn) Forecast, by Capacity, 2022–2031
13.4. Asia Pacific Nickel-cadmium Battery Market Volume (Units) and Value (US$ Mn) Forecast, by End-use, 2022–2031
13.5. Asia Pacific Nickel-cadmium Battery Market Volume (Units) and Value (US$ Mn) Forecast, by Country and Sub-region, 2022-2031
13.5.1. China Nickel-cadmium Battery Market Volume (Units) and Value (US$ Mn) Forecast, by Type, 2022–2031
13.5.2. China Nickel-cadmium Battery Market Volume (Units) and Value (US$ Mn) Forecast, by Capacity, 2022–2031
13.5.3. China Nickel-cadmium Battery Market Volume (Units) and Value (US$ Mn) Forecast, by End-use, 2022–2031
13.5.4. Japan Nickel-cadmium Battery Market Volume (Units) and Value (US$ Mn) Forecast, by Type, 2022–2031
13.5.5. Japan Nickel-cadmium Battery Market Volume (Units) and Value (US$ Mn) Forecast, by Capacity, 2022–2031
13.5.6. Japan Nickel-cadmium Battery Market Volume (Units) and Value (US$ Mn) Forecast, by End-use, 2022–2031
13.5.7. India Nickel-cadmium Battery Market Volume (Units) and Value (US$ Mn) Forecast, by Type, 2022–2031
13.5.8. India Nickel-cadmium Battery Market Volume (Units) and Value (US$ Mn) Forecast, by Capacity, 2022–2031
13.5.9. India Nickel-cadmium Battery Market Volume (Units) and Value (US$ Mn) Forecast, by End-use, 2022–2031
13.5.10. ASEAN Nickel-cadmium Battery Market Volume (Units) and Value (US$ Mn) Forecast, by Type, 2022–2031
13.5.11. ASEAN Nickel-cadmium Battery Market Volume (Units) and Value (US$ Mn) Forecast, by Capacity, 2022–2031
13.5.12. ASEAN Nickel-cadmium Battery Market Volume (Units) and Value (US$ Mn) Forecast, by End-use, 2022–2031
13.5.13. Rest of Asia Pacific Nickel-cadmium Battery Market Volume (Units) and Value (US$ Mn) Forecast, by Type, 2022–2031
13.5.14. Rest of Asia Pacific Nickel-cadmium Battery Market Volume (Units) and Value (US$ Mn) Forecast, by Capacity, 2022–2031
13.5.15. Rest of Asia Pacific Nickel-cadmium Battery Market Volume (Units) and Value (US$ Mn) Forecast, by End-use, 2022–2031
13.6. Asia Pacific Nickel-cadmium Battery Market Attractiveness Analysis
14. Latin America Nickel-cadmium Battery Market Analysis and Forecast, 2022–2031
14.1. Key Findings
14.2. Latin America Nickel-cadmium Battery Market Volume (Units) and Value (US$ Mn) Forecast, by Type, 2022–2031
14.3. Latin America Nickel-cadmium Battery Market Volume (Units) and Value (US$ Mn) Forecast, by Capacity, 2022–2031
14.4. Latin America Nickel-cadmium Battery Market Volume (Units) and Value (US$ Mn) Forecast, by End-use, 2022–2031
14.5. Latin America Nickel-cadmium Battery Market Volume (Units) and Value (US$ Mn) Forecast, by Country and Sub-region, 2022-2031
14.5.1. Brazil Nickel-cadmium Battery Market Volume (Units) and Value (US$ Mn) Forecast, by Type, 2022–2031
14.5.2. Brazil Nickel-cadmium Battery Market Volume (Units) and Value (US$ Mn) Forecast, by Capacity, 2022–2031
14.5.3. Brazil Nickel-cadmium Battery Market Volume (Units) and Value (US$ Mn) Forecast, by End-use, 2022–2031
14.5.4. Mexico Nickel-cadmium Battery Market Volume (Units) and Value (US$ Mn) Forecast, by Type, 2022–2031
14.5.5. Mexico Nickel-cadmium Battery Market Volume (Units) and Value (US$ Mn) Forecast, by Capacity, 2022–2031
14.5.6. Mexico Nickel-cadmium Battery Market Volume (Units) and Value (US$ Mn) Forecast, by End-use, 2022–2031
14.5.7. Rest of Latin America Nickel-cadmium Battery Market Volume (Units) and Value (US$ Mn) Forecast, by Type, 2022–2031
14.5.8. Rest of Latin America Nickel-cadmium Battery Market Volume (Units) and Value (US$ Mn) Forecast, by Capacity, 2022–2031
14.5.9. Rest of Latin America Nickel-cadmium Battery Market Volume (Units) and Value (US$ Mn) Forecast, by End-use, 2022–2031
14.6. Latin America Nickel-cadmium Battery Market Attractiveness Analysis
15. Middle East & Africa Nickel-cadmium Battery Market Analysis and Forecast, 2022–2031
15.1. Key Findings
15.2. Middle East & Africa Nickel-cadmium Battery Market Volume (Units) and Value (US$ Mn) Forecast, by Type, 2022–2031
15.3. Middle East & Africa Nickel-cadmium Battery Market Volume (Units) and Value (US$ Mn) Forecast, by Capacity, 2022–2031
15.4. Middle East & Africa Nickel-cadmium Battery Market Volume (Units) and Value (US$ Mn) Forecast, by End-use, 2022–2031
15.5. Middle East & Africa Nickel-cadmium Battery Market Volume (Units) and Value (US$ Mn) Forecast, by Country and Sub-region, 2022-2031
15.5.1. GCC Nickel-cadmium Battery Market Volume (Units) and Value (US$ Mn) Forecast, by Type, 2022–2031
15.5.2. GCC Nickel-cadmium Battery Market Volume (Units) and Value (US$ Mn) Forecast, by Capacity, 2022–2031
15.5.3. GCC Nickel-cadmium Battery Market Volume (Units) and Value (US$ Mn) Forecast, by End-use, 2022–2031
15.5.4. South Africa Nickel-cadmium Battery Market Volume (Units) and Value (US$ Mn) Forecast, by Type, 2022–2031
15.5.5. South Africa Nickel-cadmium Battery Market Volume (Units) and Value (US$ Mn) Forecast, by Capacity, 2022–2031
15.5.6. South Africa Nickel-cadmium Battery Market Volume (Units) and Value (US$ Mn) Forecast, by End-use, 2022–2031
15.5.7. Rest of Middle East & Africa Nickel-cadmium Battery Market Volume (Units) and Value (US$ Mn) Forecast, by Type, 2022–2031
15.5.8. Rest of Middle East & Africa Nickel-cadmium Battery Market Volume (Units) and Value (US$ Mn) Forecast, by Capacity, 2022–2031
15.5.9. Rest of Middle East & Africa Nickel-cadmium Battery Market Volume (Units) and Value (US$ Mn) Forecast, by End-use, 2022–2031
15.6. Middle East & Africa Nickel-cadmium Battery Market Attractiveness Analysis
16. Competition Landscape
16.1. Market Players - Competition Matrix (by Tier and Size of Companies)
16.2. Market Share Analysis, 2021
16.3. Market Footprint Analysis
16.3.1. By Type
16.3.2. By Capacity
16.3.3. By End-use
16.4. Company Profiles
16.4.1. ALCAD
16.4.1.1. Company Revenue
16.4.1.2. Business Overview
16.4.1.3. Type Segments
16.4.1.4. Geographic Footprint
16.4.1.5. Production Capacity/Plant Details, etc. (*As Applicable)
16.4.1.6. Strategic Partnership, Capacity Expansion, New Type Innovation, etc.
16.4.2. EnerSys
16.4.2.1. Company Revenue
16.4.2.2. Business Overview
16.4.2.3. Type Segments
16.4.2.4. Geographic Footprint
16.4.2.5. Production Capacity/Plant Details, etc. (*As Applicable)
16.4.2.6. Strategic Partnership, Capacity Expansion, New Type Innovation, etc.
16.4.3. GS Yuasa International Ltd.
16.4.3.1. Company Revenue
16.4.3.2. Business Overview
16.4.3.3. Type Segments
16.4.3.4. Geographic Footprint
16.4.3.5. Production Capacity/Plant Details, etc. (*As Applicable)
16.4.3.6. Strategic Partnership, Capacity Expansion, New Type Innovation, etc.
16.4.4. HOPPECKE Batterien GmbH & Co. KG
16.4.4.1. Company Revenue
16.4.4.2. Business Overview
16.4.4.3. Type Segments
16.4.4.4. Geographic Footprint
16.4.4.5. Production Capacity/Plant Details, etc. (*As Applicable)
16.4.4.6. Strategic Partnership, Capacity Expansion, New Type Innovation, etc.
16.4.5. Saft
16.4.5.1. Company Revenue
16.4.5.2. Business Overview
16.4.5.3. Type Segments
16.4.5.4. Geographic Footprint
16.4.5.5. Production Capacity/Plant Details, etc. (*As Applicable)
16.4.5.6. Strategic Partnership, Capacity Expansion, New Type Innovation, etc.
16.4.6. HBL Power Systems Ltd.
16.4.6.1. Company Revenue
16.4.6.2. Business Overview
16.4.6.3. Type Segments
16.4.6.4. Geographic Footprint
16.4.6.5. Production Capacity/Plant Details, etc. (*As Applicable)
16.4.6.6. Strategic Partnership, Capacity Expansion, New Type Innovation, etc.
16.4.7. GPB International Limited
16.4.7.1. Company Revenue
16.4.7.2. Business Overview
16.4.7.3. Type Segments
16.4.7.4. Geographic Footprint
16.4.7.5. Production Capacity/Plant Details, etc. (*As Applicable)
16.4.7.6. Strategic Partnership, Capacity Expansion, New Type Innovation, etc.
16.4.8. BYD Company Ltd.
16.4.8.1. Company Revenue
16.4.8.2. Business Overview
16.4.8.3. Type Segments
16.4.8.4. Geographic Footprint
16.4.8.5. Production Capacity/Plant Details, etc. (*As Applicable)
16.4.8.6. Strategic Partnership, Capacity Expansion, New Type Innovation, etc.
16.4.9. Varta Batteries
16.4.9.1. Company Revenue
16.4.9.2. Business Overview
16.4.9.3. Type Segments
16.4.9.4. Geographic Footprint
16.4.9.5. Production Capacity/Plant Details, etc. (*As Applicable)
16.4.9.6. Strategic Partnership, Capacity Expansion, New Type Innovation, etc.
16.4.10. Toshiba Corporation
16.4.10.1. Company Revenue
16.4.10.2. Business Overview
16.4.10.3. Type Segments
16.4.10.4. Geographic Footprint
16.4.10.5. Production Capacity/Plant Details, etc. (*As Applicable)
16.4.10.6. Strategic Partnership, Capacity Expansion, New Type Innovation, etc.
17. Primary Research: Key Insights
18. Appendix

Download our eBook: How to Succeed Using Market Research

Learn how to effectively navigate the market research process to help guide your organization on the journey to success.

Download eBook
Cookie Settings