Flame resistant fibres, fabrics and apparel: designed for comfort, performance and style
Frequent exposure to flames and intense heat poses significant risks for employees working in a number of industrial sectors, including chemicals, construction, fire safety, oil and gas, and utilities. The importance of flame resistant fibres, fabrics and apparel for these workers, therefore, can not be overstated. Great strides are being made in enhancing the performance and durability of flame protective wear, and these strides are having a positive impact on the health and safety of wearers. Also, the comfort of protective wear is being improved greatly as a result of fabric innovations—demonstrating that fire protection and high levels of comfort are no longer mutually exclusive. These innovations, along with the introduction of aesthetic features and design elements, have contributed to the more widespread use of flame resistant apparel. In other areas of innovation, a number of major producers of flame resistant fibres and fabrics have made significant progress toward eliminating harmful substances in the manufacture of their products. Some of these producers have been exploring materials which offer enhanced flame resistance while also minimising the adverse impact of such materials on the environment. Other producers have been investing heavily in production processes which are more environmentally sustainable, and they are designing fabrics which are more durable. Notably, as these producers strive to meet growing demand for products which are functional, comfortable and more environmentally sustainable, a spirit of collaboration and idea sharing has emerged in the field of flame resistant fibres, fabrics and apparel.
SUMMARY
INTRODUCTION
MARKET FOR FLAME RESISTANT FIBRES, FABRICS AND APPAREL
SUPPLY OF FLAME RESISTANT APPAREL
Table Key companies in the flame resistant apparel industry supply chain, by segment, 2024
PROSPECTS FOR GROWTH IN MARKETS FOR FLAME RESISTANT FABRICS AND APPAREL
DEFINITIONS OF FLAMMABILITY, FLAME RESISTANCE AND FLAME RETARDANT
MEASUREMENT OF FLAME RESISTANCE
Table Ignitability of various fibre types
TESTING THE FLAMMABILITY OF FABRICS FOR USE IN THE MANUFACTURE OF GARMENTS
Table Selected textile flammability tests, 2024
Table USA: Flammable Fabrics Act: classes of fabric flammability
FLAMMABILITY OF APPAREL
FACTORS AFFECTING THE FLAMMABILITY OF APPAREL
Fibre content
Fabric construction
Fabric surface texture
Fabric weight
Moisture content
Presence of additives or contaminants in the fabric
Garment design
Effect of components used in apparel
Laundering of the apparel after use
Age of the fabric
MITIGATION OF FLAMMABILITY OF APPAREL
INHERENTLY FLAME RESISTANT FIBRES
Aromatic polyamides (aramids)
Modacrylic
Table Key brands of inherently flame resistant fibres and their characteristics, by fibre category, 2024
Polybenzimidazole (PBI)
Polyimide
Polybenzoxazole (PBO)
Flame resistant polyester fibres
Flame resistant cellulosic fibres
FLAME RETARDANTS
Mode of action
Categories of flame retardant technologies
TOXICITY OF FLAME RETARDANT CHEMICALS
KEY BRANDS OF FLAME RETARDANTS FOR APPAREL APPLICATIONS
Alexiflam FR: Alexium International
Aflammit: Thor
Exolit: Clariant
Myflam: Lubrizol
Nofia: FRX Innovations
Proban: Solvay
TexFRon 5001: ICL Industrial Products
FLAME RESISTANT APPAREL
FIREFIGHTERS' APPAREL
Advances in fibre and fabric technology
Functions of fabrics used in firefighters' apparel
Multi-layer structure
Fit
Compatibility with other items
Comfort and freedom of movement
INDUSTRIAL WORKWEAR
Common causes of ignition and burning in industrial workwear
Types of fabrics, treatments and testing used in industrial workwear
MILITARY CLOTHING
MOTOR RACING APPAREL
Developments in the design and construction of apparel for racing drivers
Testing and approval
Components of racing driver apparel
Importance of comfort
KEY FEATURES OF FLAME RESISTANT APPAREL
Antistatic properties
Chemical resistance
Comfort
Durability
High visibility
Stylish appearance
FLAMMABILITY REGULATIONS AND STANDARDS FOR FLAME RESISTANT PERSONAL PROTECTIVE APPAREL
Table Standards for the certification of flame resistant personal protective apparel, 2024
ENVIRONMENTAL SUSTAINABILITY
RECYCLING
KEY PRODUCERS OF FLAME RESISTANT FIBRES AND YARNS AND THEIR PRODUCTS
DUPONT: NOMEX
EVONIK FIBRES: P84 HT
FIRE-DEX: TECGEN FIBRE
GUN EI CHEMICAL INDUSTRY: KYNOL FIBRES
KANEKA CORPORATION: KANECARON AND PROTEX
KERMEL: KERMEL
TEIJIN ARAMID: TWARON AND TEIJINCONEX
KEY PRODUCERS OF FLAME RESISTANT FABRICS AND THEIR PRODUCTS