Artificial Intelligence in Healthcare: Intellectual Property Landscape

Artificial Intelligence in Healthcare: Intellectual Property Landscape (Featuring Historical and Contemporary Patent Filing Trends, Prior Art Search Expressions, Patent Valuation Analysis, Patentability, Freedom to Operate, Pockets of Innovation, Existing White Spaces, and Claims Analysis)

The global healthcare sector has been overtly reluctant to embrace technology. This may partially be due to the failure of early digitization efforts, which were fraught with challenges and turned out to be more of a liability rather than a path forward. In fact, according to a study, clinicians ended up spending more than twice as much time on administrative work (49%), such as updating electronic medical records, than on seeing patients (27%). The delivery of modern healthcare services is, therefore, still in many ways obsolete, relying on analog systems and manual execution on simple, repetitive operations. This situation is challenging for both healthcare providers (resulting in long and arduous work hours, causing medical staff to burn themselves out) and consumers (which is reflected in hurried, inappropriate diagnosis, lack of proper care and delays in treatment administration). Further, experts have predicted that if things don’t change significantly, there is likely to be a severe shortage of healthcare workers in the mid to long term. Similar inefficiencies exist in the pharmaceutical development segment as well, with over USD 800 million being spent on drug discovery alone; a typical product development cycle in this domain lasts close to a decade and costs USD 2.5 billion, on average. However, advances in automation and intuitive software have made it possible for stakeholders to markedly improve operational efficiencies and cut-down on both operational and administrative expenses.

Today, self-learning algorithms are being used to develop AI that can not only help automate various simple and complex tasks but can also assist clinicians in making critical diagnosis / treatment related decisions. It is estimated that over 33% of the tasks that are performed manually by clinicians can be automated, and there are artificially intelligent solutions that are capable of carrying out specialized functions, such as patient triage, without human supervision. Over the last couple of decades, computer scientists and medical researchers have successfully demonstrated the applications of AI in several diverse aspects of healthcare delivery, including (but not limited to) surgery, drug discovery and hospital / patient data management. The use of self-improving algorithms also guarantees cost savings; experts estimate that savings worth over USD 150 billion can be achieved by 2026, through the adoption of AI-enabled technologies, in the US alone. As a result, a lot of capital and effort are being invested by innovators across the world in this burgeoning field of research. This report attempts to identify key trends that describe the pace and focus of innovation related to healthcare focused AI technologies and solutions.

SCOPE OF THE REPORT
The “Artificial Intelligence in Healthcare: Intellectual Property Landscape” report features an extensive study of the historical and current collection of granted patents, patent applications and affiliated documents associated with the upcoming suite of intuitive software and automation enabling solutions, which are designed for use within the healthcare industry. The information in this report has been presented across two deliverables, namely an Excel sheet, featuring an interactive dashboard, and a PowerPoint presentation, summarizing the ongoing activity in this domain, and key insights drawn from the available data. The report features the following details:
 Overall Intellectual Property Landscape
An in-depth review of the various patents and affiliated IP documents that have been published related to technologies and methods associated with the healthcare-related applications of AI, featuring key insights on historical and recent trends.
 Popular / Relevant Prior Art Search Expressions
An examination of IP literature, identifying key words and phrases that are used to describe innovations involving the use of AI and other intuitive algorithms for healthcare-focused applications, including information on historical usage in IP filings, key affiliated terms (which can be used to further identify similar innovations), and other related trends.
 Patent Valuation Analysis
A competitive benchmarking and valuation analysis of the IP documents published in this field of innovation, taking into account important parameters, such as type of IP document, year of application, time to expiry, number of citations and jurisdiction (factoring in regional GDP).
 Patentability and Freedom to Operate
A systematic approach to identifying relevant areas of innovation by analyzing published IP documents, defining the uniqueness patented / patent pending innovations, understanding the scope of patentability in this domain, and pinpointing jurisdictions where new and / or modified claims may be filed without infringing on existing IP.
 Analysis of Patent Applications
A detailed summary of the patent applications that were filed across different jurisdictions and their relative value in the IP ecosystem. The analysis segregates the intellectual capital in terms of area of innovation and intended applications, thereby, offering the means to understand key areas of research and identify innovation-specific IP filing trends.
 Analysis of Granted Patents
An elaborate summary of the granted patents across different jurisdictions and their relative value in the IP ecosystem. The analysis uses a slightly more specific segregation criteria, based on type of product / solution and intended applications; this offers the means to identify unique innovations that presently have marketing exclusivity and explore future opportunities to enter into promising product markets, once their patents expire.
 Pockets of Innovation and White Spaces
An insightful analysis of the various CPC symbols mentioned in the published IP literature used and their affiliated families, in order to identify historical and existing pockets of innovation (based on the functional area / industry described by the elaborate and systematic system of classifying IP); the analysis also features a discussion on the prevalent white spaces (based on CPC symbols) in this area of research.
 Claims Analysis
One of the key objectives of the report was to analyze and summarize key inferences from the independent claims mentioned in the granted, active patents in the entire dataset. Using a systematic segregation approach, we have analyzed trends associated with [A] the preamble, [B] type of patent (technology patent or method patent), [C] type of claim (open ended claim or closed ended claim) and [D] key elements of a claim (individual aspects of an innovation that are covered in a singular claim).

RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
The data presented in this report has been gathered via secondary research and analyzed via proprietary methods / tools to develop a detailed perspective on the current status of the innovative advances in this domain and affiliated developer landscape that is spread across different global regions. Where possible, the available data has been checked for accuracy from multiple sources of information.

The secondary sources of information include
 Company websites
 Annual reports
 Patent information aggregator portals
 Industry databases
 Press releases
 Industry analysts’ views

The insights presented are solely based on our knowledge, research and understanding of the relevant market, as gathered from various secondary sources of information.

DELIVERABLE OUTLINES
Excel Deliverable
Sheet 1 of the spreadsheet features details on how the input data for this project was collated, including the search strings used to query a popular patent database, data segregation guidelines and IP category definition, and noise removal criteria.

Sheet 2 is a summary MS Excel dashboard, offering a detailed graphical perspective of the intellectual property landscape of AI-enabled technologies and solutions for use in the healthcare industry. It includes pictorial representations of the [A] overall patent landscape, [B] IP valuation-related insights, [C] insights on patentability and freedom to operate, [D] key trends related to patent applications, [E] key trends related to granted patents, and [F] impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on IP filing / grant.

Sheet 3 is an elaborate tabular representation of the overall IP landscape, featuring information on the various patent application- and granted patent-related documents that have been published since 1995.

Sheet 4 includes a tabular representation of key words and phrases that are used to describe innovations involving the use of AI and other intuitive algorithms for healthcare-focused applications.

Sheet 5 is a subset of sheet 3, featuring all the patent applications, covering innovation related to AI-enabled software / technologies for healthcare applications.

Sheet 6 is a subset of sheet 3, featuring all the granted patents, covering innovation related to AI-enabled software / technologies for healthcare applications.

Sheet 7 is an insightful summary of key inferences from the independent claims mentioned in the granted, active patents in the dataset. We have used a systematic segregation approach, to analyze trends associated with the preamble, type of patent (technology patent or method patent), type of claim (open ended claim or closed ended claim) and key elements of a claim (individual aspects of an innovation that are covered in a singular claim).

Sheet 8 features insights related to patentability and freedom to operate dataset in the contemporary IP landscape, related to AI enabled solutions for healthcare use.

Sheet 9 is also a subset of sheet 3, which includes a tabulated representation of all IP documents that were published during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Sheet 10 is an appendix which includes pivot tables that drive the interactive elements in sheet 2.

Sheet 11 is an appendix, featuring country codes corresponding to the jurisdictions mentioned in the dataset.

PowerPoint Deliverable
Section I features an executive summary of the key insights generated from analyzing the intellectual property landscape of AI technologies and solutions designed for healthcare-related applications.

Section II provides important details related to the healthcare applications of AI and affiliated intuitive data processing algorithms, including key innovation related definitions, contemporary and promising future application areas, and detailed profiles of some the popular AI solutions developed by established players in the field, such as IBM and Google (DeepMind Technologies).
This section includes a review of the various patents and IP documents that have been published related to technologies and methods associated with the healthcare-related applications of AI, featuring key insights on historical and recent trends.

It includes an insightful examination of IP literature, identifying key words and phrases that are used to describe innovations involving the use of AI and other intuitive algorithms for healthcare-focused applications, including information on historical usage in IP filings, key affiliated terms (which can be used to further identify similar innovations), and other related trends.

In addition, it features a competitive benchmarking and valuation analysis of the IP documents published in this field of innovation, taking into account important parameters, such as type of IP document, year of application, time to expiry, number of citations and jurisdiction (factoring in regional GDP).

Section III describes a systematic approach to identifying relevant areas of innovation by analyzing published IP documents, defining the uniqueness patented / patent pending innovations, understanding the scope of patentability in this domain, and pinpointing jurisdictions where new and / or modified claims may be filed without infringing on existing IP.

Section IV provides a detailed summary of the patent applications that were filed across different jurisdictions and their relative value in the IP ecosystem. The analysis segregates the intellectual capital in terms of area of innovation and intended applications, thereby, offering the means to understand key areas of research and identify innovation-specific IP filing trends.

Section V is an elaborate summary of the granted patents across different jurisdictions and their relative value in the IP ecosystem. The analysis uses a slightly more specific segregation criteria, based on type of product / solution and intended applications; this offers the means to identify unique innovations that presently have marketing exclusivity and explore future opportunities to enter into promising product markets, once their patents expire.

It includes an insightful analysis of the various CPC symbols mentioned in the published IP literature used and their affiliated families, in order to identify historical and existing pockets of innovation (based on the functional area / industry described by the elaborate and systematic system of classifying IP); the analysis also features a discussion on the prevalent white spaces (based on CPC symbols) in this area of research.

Section VI offers an informed perspective on the IP filing and grant trends during the COVID-19 pandemic, when the demand for automating healthcare services was at its peak. Further, it provides insights on anticipated developments and trends that are likely to shape the future of the AI in healthcare market.

LIST OF COMPANIES / LIST OF COMPANIES AND ORGANIZATIONS

The following companies and organizations have been mentioned in the report.

1. 20/20 GeneSystems
2. 23andMe
3. 360 Knee Systems
4. 3D Smile
5. 3M
6. 3SI Security Systems
7. 410Ai
8. 7D Surgical
9. Aarhus University
10. Abbott
11. Abiomed
12. Abraxis Bioscience
13. Accenture
14. Access Radiology
15. Accessible Conseils
16. Acto
17. Acupath Laboratories
18. Advanced Medical Imaging Development
19. Advanced Mobile Payment
20. Advanced Neuromodulation Systems
21. Advanced Solutions Life Sciences
22. AdviNOW Medical
23. Advisory Board
24. AetharAI
25. Affymetrix
26. Agency for Science, Technology and Research
27. Agilent Technologies
28. Agility Capital
29. Agios Pharmaceuticals
30. Agricultural Information Institute (AII) of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences
31. AI Fluidics
32. AI Technology
33. Aidot
34. Air Products
35. Ajinomoto
36. Akili Biosystems
37. Akili Interactive
38. Akitra
39. Aktana
40. AlayaCare
41. Alcaris Theranostics
42. Alegeus
43. Algotec
44. Alibaba Group
45. Align Technology
46. AlignCare
47. Alipay Information Technology
48. Alivia Capital
49. Allegheny-Singer Research Institute
50. Allen Institute
51. AllOne Health
52. Allscripts
53. Altair
54. AltheaDX
55. Altrics
56. Alverix
57. Alverix
58. Alyce Health
59. Ambry Genetics
60. Ameican TelePhysicians
61. American Board of Family Medicine
62. Americrop Investments
63. Amino
64. Ampel BioSolutions
65. Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham
66. Amuseneering
67. Ancestry
68. Answers
69. Apixio
70. Apogee Informatics
71. Apostle
72. Applera Corporation
73. Applied Brain Research
74. Applied Invention
75. Applied Investments
76. Applied Minds
77. Applied Proteomics
78. APT International Business Sciences
79. Aptar
80. ARC Devices
81. Archimedes
82. Architecture Technology Corporation
83. Argo
84. Arizona Board of Regents, Arizona State University
85. ArmadaGlobal
86. ArmadaHealth
87. Arterys
88. Artificial Learning Systems
89. Ascriptus
90. ASP Global
91. Aspen Neuroscience
92. Aspira Women's Health
93. Asthma Signals
94. Astrazeneca
95. Astrid Pharma
96. AT & T Intellectual Property
97. Athelas
98. ATONARP
99. Augmedix
100. AUM Cardiovascular
101. Aureon Laboratories
102. Australian Institute of Robotic Orthopaedics
103. Avago Technologies
104. Aventusoft
105. Aveva
106. Aviir
107. Azova
108. Babylon
109. Bagne-Miller Enterprises
110. Baidu USA
111. Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute
112. Banner Health
113. Banyan Biomarkers
114. BaseHealth
115. BASF Plant Science
116. Battelle Memorial Institute
117. Baxalta
118. Baxter International
119. Bayer
120. Bayer
121. Baylor College of Medicine
122. Bean Holdings
123. Bechtel
124. Beckman Coulter Diagnostics
125. Becton Dickinson
126. Beijing Boyuan Xingkang Science and Technology
127. Beijing Guhai Tianmu Biomedical Technology
128. Beijing Institute of Genomics
129. Beijing Medical Cloud Technology
130. Beijing Muyebang Technology
131. Beijing Qiji Biotechnologynology
132. Beijing Tianhe Wisdom Health
133. Beijing Tuberculosis And Thoracic Tumor Research Institute
134. Beijing University of Technology
135. Beijing Wanfang Data
136. Beijing Xbentury Network Technology
137. Beijing Xiangxin Biotechnology
138. Beijing Xiangxin Medical Technology
139. Beijing Yikang Medical Technology
140. Bellsouth Intellect
141. Benevis Informatics
142. BenevolentAI
143. Berg Health
144. Berkeley Lights
145. Berlin Institute for Health Research
146. Bespoke
147. Beta Bionics
148. Beyondspring Pharmaceuticals
149. Bhogar
150. Bio Imaging Korea
151. Bio Synergy Research Center
152. Bioanalytics Group
153. Bioanalytix
154. Bioarray Genetics
155. Biofield
156. Bioinfra
157. Bioinfra Life Science
158. Biokaizen
159. Biomar
160. Biome
161. Bionous
162. Biophysical Corporation
163. Bioretics
164. Bios Health
165. Biosensors International
166. Biosymetrics
167. Biotempus
168. Bio-Thera
169. Biotie Therapies
170. Biowulf Technologies
171. Bired Imaging
172. Blackthaorn Therapeutics
173. Bloom Technologies
174. Bluarc Capital
175. Bluarc Health
176. Blue Note Therapeutics
177. Bluestar Genomics
178. BOE Technology
179. Bomdic
180. Bosch
181. Bose Corporation
182. Boston Research Corporation
183. Boston Scientific Neuromodulation
184. Bostongene
185. Bracco Imaging
186. Brain Power Systems
187. Brain Trust Innovations
188. Brainbox Solutions
189. Brainchip Holdings
190. Brainehealth
191. Brainlab
192. Brainwide Solutions
193. Brigham and Women's Hospital
194. Brighterion
195. Britescan
196. Broad Institute
197. Broadcom
198. Buck Institute for Research on Aging
199. Business Expectations
200. Buzzpole
201. Caduceus Systems
202. Caldwell Intellectual Property Law
203. California Institute of Technology
204. Cambia Health Solutions
205. Cambridge Bio-Augmentation Systems
206. Cancer Commons
207. Cancer Prevention Pharmaceuticals
208. Cannabics Pharmaceuticals
209. Canon Medical Systems
210. Canon USA
211. Capital.com
212. Capitalbio Technology
213. Cardiocom
214. CardioDx
215. CareFusion
216. Careoregon
217. Carepartners Plus
218. Caris Life Sciences
219. Carlsmed
220. Carrot
221. Case Western Reserve University
222. Casio
223. Catalia Health
224. Catalight Foundation
225. Caterpillar
226. Catholic University of Korea
227. CC&I Research
228. Cedars-Sinai Medical Center
229. Celgene
230. Cellanyx
231. Cellcarta
232. Cell-El Therapeutics
233. Cellmic
234. Cellomics
235. Cellworks Life
236. Celmatix
237. Center for Eye Research, Australia
238. Center for Medical Interoperability
239. CentriHealth
240. Centurylink
241. Ceridian
242. Cerner
243. Cerner
244. Cerner
245. Cerora
246. Certara
247. CES
248. Chamberlin Edmonds & Associates
249. Champalimaud Foundation
250. Chan Zuckerberg Biohub
251. Chang Gung University
252. Changchun Meihe Science and Technology Development
253. Change Healthcare
254. Change Healthcare
255. Chase Therapeutics
256. Chen Technology
257. Children's Hospital and Medical Center
258. Children's Hospital of Fudan University
259. Children's Medical Center
260. Children's National Medical Center
261. China Institute for Radiation Protection
262. China Medical University
263. China Telecom
264. Chongqing University Cancer Hospital
265. Cigna
266. Cincinati Children's Hospital Medical Center
267. Cipher Gene
268. Cirtec Medical
269. Citi
270. Citrix
271. City University of Hong Kong
272. Cixi Institute of Biomedical Engineering
273. Clarify Health Solutions
274. Clarion
275. CLAS Healthcare
276. ClearAg
277. Cleave Therapeutics
278. Cleveland Clinic
279. Cleveland Heartlab
280. Clinical Genomics
281. Clinicalbox
282. Clover Health
283. Codexis Mayflower Holdings
284. Cofactor Genomics
285. Cogent Biosciences
286. Cogito
287. CognitiveScale
288. Cognoa
289. Cohero Health
290. Colibri Technologies
291. Collective Health
292. Colon Health Centers of America
293. Color
294. Colossio
295. Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation
296. Community Care of North Carolina
297. ComplexData
298. Compressus
299. Compressus
300. Computer Technology Associates
301. Conduent
302. Conduent
303. Conifer Health Solutions
304. Connance
305. Connectix Corporation
306. ConnSante Biotech
307. ConquerAb
308. CooperSurgical
309. CoreMedica Europe
310. Corista
311. Corista
312. Cornell University
313. Correlogic Systems
314. CortexXus
315. CorVista Health
316. COTA
317. Cotinga Pharmaceuticals
318. Council of Scientific and Industrial Research
319. Counsyl
320. Covera Health
321. Covidien
322. Coyne Scientific
323. Crescendo Bioscience
324. Critical Connection
325. Crowe
326. Crowley Davis Research
327. CSC Holdings
328. CSTS Health Care
329. CTRL-Labs
330. CURA4U
331. Curai Health
332. Curamatix Healthcare
333. Curelon
334. Curemark
335. CureMatch
336. Curneu MedTech Innovation
337. Cutaneous Information Technologies
338. Cyberdontics
339. Cyberkinetics Neurotechnology Systems
340. Cyrcadia
341. Cyrcadia
342. Cyrcadia
343. Cytognomix
344. Cytokinetics
345. D&P Biotech
346. Dacadoo
347. Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology
348. Daiwa House
349. Dako
350. Dana-Farber Cancer Institute
351. Dartmouth College
352. Datagenno Interactive Research
353. DatCard
354. DayaMed
355. Decipher by Veracyte
356. DecisionQ
357. deCode Genetics
358. Deep Bio
359. Deep Genomics
360. Deep Longevity
361. Deep Smart Light
362. DeepCare
363. DeepIntent
364. DeepLife
365. DeepNoid
366. DeepWise
367. Definiens
368. Definiens
369. Delphinus Medical Technologies
370. Demala
371. Denka
372. DePuySynthes
373. Dexcom
374. Diagnoplex
375. Diagnoss
376. Dianon Systems
377. DIG Labs
378. DigiM Solution
379. Digital Infuzion
380. Digital Medical Experts
381. Dignity Health
382. Direct Supply
383. Disney Enterprises
384. DM Intelligence
385. DoAI
386. Doc.Ai
387. Dommar
388. Dr. Eyal Bressler
389. Dräger
390. Draper
391. DrFirst
392. Drishti
393. DTN
394. Duke University
395. Dyax
396. Dynamic Imaging
397. DYSIS Medical
398. DZee Solutions
399. EBM Technologies
400. Ebonz
401. eCare21
402. EchelonDx
403. Ecosense
404. EDP Biotech
405. Eight Sleep
406. EIO Diagnostics
407. ELC Management
408. Electronics and Telecommunications Research Institute
409. Elekta
410. Elements of Genius
411. Ellipsis Health
412. Elucid
413. Elwha
414. Elwha
415. Embraer
416. EMC Holdings
417. EMED Technologies
418. Emfit
419. Emory University
420. Empire IP
421. eNano Health
422. Endpoint Health
423. Engauge
424. Entelos
425. Entelos Holding Corporation
426. Entelos Holding Corporation
427. Environmental Technologies Group
428. Envisagenics
429. EPFL
430. EQ Holdings
431. Equity
432. eSentire
433. eSight Eyeware
434. Essen BioScience
435. Essenlix Corporation
436. Estimo Healthcare
437. ETH Zurich
438. Ethicon
439. EuclidSR Partners
440. Europroteome AG
441. Evalytica
442. Evidera
443. Evogen
444. Exact Imaging
445. Exini
446. EXINI Diagnostics
447. Exosome Diagnostics
448. Experian Health
449. ExperTune
450. Express Scripts
451. Eyes, Japan
452. Facebook Technology
453. Facet
454. Family Inada
455. Fasotec
456. Federral State Autonomous Educational Institution of Higher Education
457. FEI Company
458. FICO
459. First Opinion
460. Flatiron Health
461. Fujitsu
462. Geisinger
463. GenePlus
464. General Electric
465. GeneType
466. Georgia Tech Research Institute
467. German Cancer Research Center
468. German Cancer Research Center
469. Global Foundries
470. Global Life Sciences Solutions USA
471. Grail
472. Grail
473. GX Life Technology
474. Harbin Institute of Technology
475. Harvard
476. Health Diagnostic Laboratory
477. Health Dialog
478. HealthTrio
479. Healthways
480. HeartFlow
481. Highland Innovations
482. Hitachi
483. Hologic
484. Human Longevity
485. Humana
486. IBM
487. IBM
488. Icahn School of Medicine, Mt. Sinai
489. Imsight Technology
490. Included Health
491. Inspirata
492. Interleukin Genetics
493. Intuit
494. Invention Science Fund Incubator
495. Invention Science Fund Incubator
496. IQVIA
497. J. Morita USA
498. Juno Therapeutics
499. Jurosense
500. Knowledge Vision (Chengdu)
501. Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology
502. KPN Ventures
503. Lifeline Biotechnologies
504. LifeQ
505. Live Networks
506. Mayo Clinic
507. Mckesson
508. Medis Medical Imaging
509. Medtronic
510. Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center
511. Mentis Cura
512. Merge
513. Merit CRO
514. MicroMass
515. Microsoft
516. Moffitt Cancer Center
517. Nanjing Shihe Gene Biotechnology
518. NantOmics
519. NantWorks
520. National Center for Scientific Research, France
521. Natural Institute for Health and Medical Research
522. Navican
523. NEC
524. New York Genome Center
525. Northrop Grumman
526. Opko Diagnostics
527. Optimata
528. Paradromics
529. PatientsLikeMe
530. Peraton
531. Philip Morris International
532. Philips
533. Philips
534. Progenics Pharmaceuticals
535. Psomagen
536. Public Health Research Center
537. Pulse Biosciences
538. Quantum Leap Healthcare Collaborative
539. Reliance
540. Ricoh
541. Roche
542. Roche
543. Roche
544. Samsung Electronics
545. Samsung Life Public Welfare Foundation
546. Selvas AI
547. Seoul National University
548. Shanghai Center for Bioinformation Technology
549. Shanghai Internationa Trading
550. Shimadzu Corporation
551. Siemens
552. Siemens Healthineers
553. SmartMirror
554. Smith+Nephew
555. Smiths Detection
556. SomaLogic
557. Sony
558. Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center
559. Sunnybrook Research Institute
560. Surgical Theater
561. Sysmex
562. Tempus
563. Terumo
564. Tethys Bioscience
565. The Hartford
566. The National Center for Scientific Research (CNRS)
567. UniServices
568. University of Connecticut
569. University of Freiburg
570. University of Nebraska
571. University of New Mexico, Science & Technology Corporation
572. University of Texas
573. Wellvii
574. Wision AI
575. Zalicus
576. Zeiss

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