Estonia - Telecoms, Mobile and Broadband - Statistics and Analyses

Estonia - Telecoms, Mobile and Broadband - Statistics and Analyses

Estonia progresses with 5G services

Estonia’s telecom regulator first announced plans to auction three licences in the 3.6GHz range for in February 2019. This spectrum was to be used for 5G services, but the auction was cancelled soon afterwards after wireless ISPs complained that the auction terms favoured the existing MNOs, and that a fourth licence should have been offered to encourage a new market entrant. The regulator responded by asserting that three licenses would have provided for improved network speed and capacity, clearly two important considerations given the growth in mobile data traffic anticipated from subscribers adopting 5G services.

One consideration was that Russia uses the 3.6-3.8GHz range for military communications, and there could be cross-border interference pending Russia’s migration to other spectrum bands. Estonia cannot yet use spectrum in the 700MHz for 5G since Russia still uses that spectrum for TV broadcasting.

The auction was eventually started in May 2022. Elisa secured one of the three licenses on offer, having bid €7.206 million (against a reserve price of €1.597 million).

This license has less stringent restrictions placed on it in relation to areas bordering with Russia. The auction for the second available licence has attracted interest from Telia, Tele2, and Bit Lietuva. This licence is for 130MHz (3410-3800MHz), with the same reserve price.


  • Executive Summary
  • Key statistics
    • Table Top Level Country Statistics and Telco Authorities – Estonia – 2022 (e)
  • Regional Europe Market Comparison
    • MARKET CHARACTERISTICS
    • MARKET LEADERS
    • MARKET CHALLENGERS
    • MARKET EMERGENTS
    • TMI VERSUS GDP
    • MOBILE AND MOBILE BROADBAND PENETRATION
    • FIXED VERSUS MOBILE BROADBAND PENETRATION
  • Country overview
  • Telecommunications market
    • HISTORICAL OVERVIEW
      • Table Telecom licenses by service – 2012 – 2016
      • Table Development of telecom sector revenue – 2012 – 2020
      • Table Development of ICT revenue and profit (€million) –2012 – 2022
      • Table Telecoms sector revenue (€million) –2012 – 2019
  • Regulatory environment
    • HISTORICAL OVERVIEW
    • REGULATORY AUTHORITIES
    • FIXED-LINE DEVELOPMENTS
      • Telecoms sector liberalisation
      • Privatisation
      • Interconnect
      • Access
      • Carrier Selection and Carrier PreSelection (CPS)
      • Number Portability (NP)
        • Table Change in the number of fixed number portings – 2012 – 2022
      • European Electronic Communications Code
    • MOBILE NETWORK DEVELOPMENTS
      • Licensing
      • Mobile Number Portability (MNP)
        • Table Change in the number of mobile number portings – 2012 – 2022
      • Mobile Termination Rate (MRT)
      • Roaming
      • Coordination with Latvia
  • Mobile market
    • MARKET ANALYSIS
    • MOBILE STATISTICS
      • Table Growth in the number of mobile subscribers and penetration – 2012 – 2027
      • Table Active prepaid and contract subscribers (million) –2012 – 2021
      • Table Change in the number of Telia Estonia’s prepaid subscribers – 2012 – 2022
    • MOBILE INFRASTRUCTURE
      • 5G
      • 4G (LTE)
      • 3G
      • Other infrastructure developments
        • Table Growth in the number of Telia Estonia’s M2M connections – 2014 – 2022
        • Table Growth in the number of M2M connections – 2012 – 2018
    • MOBILE VOICE
      • Table Change in mobile voice traffic – 2012 – 2022
    • MOBILE DATA
      • Table Growth in mobile data traffic – 2012 – 2022
      • Short Message Service (SMS)
        • Table Total SMS messages sent – 2012 – 2019
      • Multimedia Message Service (MMS)
        • Table Total MMS messages sent – 2012 – 2022
    • MOBILE BROADBAND
      • Table Change in the number of mobile broadband subscribers by type – 2012 – 2019
      • Table Change in the number of active mobile broadband subscribers – 2012 – 2027
    • MAJOR MOBILE OPERATORS
      • Telia Estonia (Eesti Mobiltelefon, EMT)
        • Table Growth in the number of Telia Estonia’s mobile subscribers – 2012 – 2022
        • Table Development of Telia Estonia’s blended mobile ARPU – 2012 – 2022
        • Table Development of Telia Estonia’s mobile revenue – 2012 – 2022
      • Elisa
        • Table Development of Elisa Estonia’s financial data (€million) –2012 – 2022
        • Table Change in the number of Elisa Estonia’s mobile subscribers – 2012 – 2022
        • Table Development of Elisa Estonia’s mobile blended ARPU – 2016 – 2022
      • Tele2 Estonia
        • Table Change in the number of Tele2 Estonia’s mobile subscribers – 2012 – 2022
      • Mobile Virtual Network Operators (MVNOs)
    • MOBILE CONTENT AND APPLICATIONS
      • Location-based services
      • M-commerce
  • Fixed-line broadband market
    • MARKET ANALYSIS
      • Broadband statistics
        • Table Internet users and penetration rate – 2012 – 2020
        • Table Growth in the number of fixed-broadband subscribers and penetration – 2012 – 2027
        • Table Change in the number of Telia Estonia’s fixed-broadband subscribers – 2012 – 2022
        • Table Development of Telia Estonia’s fixed-broadband ARPU – 2012 – 2022
    • HYBRID FIBRE COAX (HFC) NETWORKS
      • Table Change in the number of cable broadband subscribers – 2012 – 2019
      • Table Growth in the number of Elisa Estonia’s cable broadband subscribers – 2012 – 2022
    • DIGITAL SUBSCRIBER LINE (DSL) NETWORKS
      • Table DSL subscribers – 2012 – 2019
    • FIBRE-TO-THE-PREMISES (FTTP) NETWORKS
      • Table FttX broadband subscribers – 2012 – 2019
    • OTHER FIXED BROADBAND SERVICES
      • Table Fixed-wireless broadband subscribers – 2012 – 2019
      • Wi-Fi
      • Li-Fi
      • WiMAX
  • Digital economy
    • ESTONIAN INFORMATION SOCIETY STRATEGY
    • LEGISLATION
    • E-GOVERNMENT
      • Infrastructure
      • eID card
      • E-Residency
      • EEBone
    • E-COMMERCE
    • E-EDUCATION
    • E-HEALTH
  • Fixed network operators
    • OVERVIEW OF OPERATORS
      • Table Fixed-line subscribers by operator (regulator data) –2012 - 2016; 2019 - 2021
    • TELIA ESTONIA
      • Table Development of Telia Estonia’s revenue by service (SEK million) –2012 – 2022
      • Table Development of Telia Estonia’s financial data (SEK million) –2012 – 2022
      • Table Change in the number of Telia Estonia’s subscribers by sector – 2012 – 2022
    • TELE2 ESTONIA
      • Table Development of Tele2 Estonia’s financial data (SEK million) –2012 – 2022
      • Table Development of Tele2 Estonia’s revenue by sector (SEK million) –2012 – 2022
      • Table Change in the number of Tele2 Estonia’s subscribers by sector – 2012 – 2022
    • ELISA
      • Table Change in the number of Elisa Estonia’s subscribers by sector – 2016 – 2022
  • Telecommunications infrastructure
    • OVERVIEW OF THE NATIONAL TELECOM NETWORK
      • Table Decline in the number of fixed lines in service and teledensity – 2012 – 2027
      • Table Fixed line voice subscribers – 2012 – 2016; 2019 - 2021
      • Telia Estonia
      • Alternative operators
      • International networks
        • Table International bandwidth – 2011 – 2017
    • SMART INFRASTRUCTURE
  • Appendix – Historic data
    • Table Historic - Telecoms sector revenue ($ million) –2000 – 2011
    • Table Historic - Fixed number portings – 2005 – 2011
    • Table Historic - Active prepaid and contract subscribers – 1998 – 2011
    • Table Historic - Telia prepaid subscribers – 2002 – 2011
    • Table Historic - Total SMS messages sent – 2004 – 2011
    • Table Historic - Total MMS messages sent – 2005 – 2011
    • Table Historic - Telia subscribers – 2005 – 2011
    • Table Historic – Telia blended ARPU – 2005 – 2008
    • Table Historic - Telia mobile financial data – 2005 – 2011
    • Table Historic - Tele2 mobile subscribers – 2007 – 2011
    • Table Historic - Fixed-broadband lines and penetration – 2004 – 2011
    • Table Historic - Telia fixed-broadband subscribers – 2006 – 2011
    • Table Historic - Telia fixed-broadband ARPU – 2006 – 2009
    • Table Historic - Cable broadband subscribers – 2003 – 2011
    • Table Historic - DSL subscribers – 2003 – 2011
    • Table Historic - FttX broadband subscribers – 2007 – 2011
    • Table Historic - Telia Estonia revenue by service (SEK million) –2005 – 2011
    • Table Historic - Telia Estonia subscribers by sector – 2002 – 2011
    • Table Historic - Tele2 financial data (SEK million) –2007 – 2011
    • Table Historic - Tele2 Estonia financial data by sector (SEK million) –2007 – 2011
    • Table Historic - Tele2 Estonia subscribers by sector – 2007 – 2011
    • Table Historic - Elisa financial data (€million) –2008 – 2011
    • Table Historic - Elisa mobile subscribers – 2008 – 2011
    • Table Historic - International bandwidth – 2000 – 2011
    • Table Historic - Mobile subscribers and penetration rate – 1998 – 2011
    • Table Historic - Internet users and penetration rate – 1998 – 2011
    • Table Historic - Fixed lines in service and teledensity – 1995 – 2011
    • Table Historic - Decline in the number of Telia Estonia’s PSTN/ISDN subscribers – 2002 – 2016
    • Table Historic - Change in the share of voice calls: mobile and fixed networks – 2011 – 2016
    • Table Historic - Unbundled Local Loops – 2006 – 2014
    • Table Historic - Ratio of prepaid to postpaid subscribers – 2011 – 2016
    • Table Historic - Mobile services revenue by type (€million) –2011 – 2016
    • Table Historic - Mobile revenue (subscription, data) (€million) –2014 – 2016
    • Table Historic - Proportion of mobile broadband connections by data speed – 2013 – 2016
    • Table Historic - Mobile data revenue – 2011 – 2016
    • Table Historic - Fixed-broadband subscribers by operator – 2011 – 2016
    • Table Historic - Dial-up internet subscribers – 2011 – 2016
    • Table Proportion of broadband connections by data speed – 2010 – 2016
    • Table Historic - Development of revenue from fixed and mobile broadband services (€million) –2011 – 2016
    • Table Historic - STV broadband subscribers – 2011 – 2016
    • Table Historic - Fixed-lines in service by operator – 2011 – 2016
    • Table Historic - Fixed-line voice traffic – 2011 – 2016
    • Table Historic - Fixed line voice subscribers by operator – 2009 – 2016
    • Table Historic - Fixed line voice revenue – 2011 – 2016
  • Glossary of abbreviations
  • Related reports

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