Exosomes Market - Growth, Trends, Covid-19 Impact, and Forecasts (2022 - 2027)
The exosomes market recorded a revenue of approximately USD 174.04 million in 2020, and is projected to register a CAGR of 27.89% during the forecast period.
During the current period of the COVID-19 pandemic, there is a rising demand for exosomes, which is driving the market growth. Exosomes are 30–120 nm extracellular vesicles that participate in several pathological conditions. Virus-infected cells release exosomes that are implicated in infection by transferring viral components, such as viral-derived miRNAs and proteins. Exosomes also contain receptors for viruses that make recipient cells susceptible to virus entry. Furthermore, a recent study by Devaux et al., published in the Journal of Microbiology, Immunology, and Infection 2020, confirmed that spike protein cleavage by Transmembrane protease, serine 2 (TMPRSS2) is needed for COVID-19 virus entry and infection via interaction with the angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) receptor. There is evidence that exosomes transfer ACE2 to receipt cells (Wang et al., 2020), proposing a supportive function for COVID-19 virus internalization and infection.
Certain factors that are driving the market growth include the increasing prevalence of cancer, technological advancements in exosome isolation and analytical procedures, and increasing advanced applications of exosomes. The growing prevalence of cancer patients has a direct impact on the increased demand for the exosomes market. According to the GLOBOCAN 2020 report, there were 19.29 million people living with cancer, and this number is expected to rise over the next two decades. In the United States, as per the National Cancer Institute's report of 2018, an estimated 1.7 million new cases of cancer were diagnosed in the country and nearly 0.6 million patients died due to cancer.
Exosomes extracted from cow milk is being used for the delivery of therapeutic molecules against lung and breast cancer. Exosomes derived from specific sites of the body are promising candidates for anti-cancer vaccines due to the enhanced passive targeting, owing to their small size, indigenous nature, and the ability to cross the biological barriers. Thus, the increase in the number of cancer cases in the hospitals directly increases the demand for exosomes in diagnosis as well as therapeutics.
However, many technical difficulties need to be addressed for the successful implementation of exosomes in various applications. This is one of the primary hindrances to the growth of the exosomes market.
Some of the major difficulties include optimization of purification, increasing the homogeneity of exosomes, and efficient transfection strategies. This is further accompanied by a lack of technical information (like the type of rotor, diameter, volume, and viscosity of the sample), which restricts the maximum utilization of exosomes.
The cumbersome nature of the methods for isolation/purification and the inability to distinguish between different cancer stages with an incomplete understanding of the immune system limit the exosomes market.
Other factors limiting the growth of this market are the stringent regulatory requirements for the approval and commercialization of exosome products.
Key Market TrendsThe Therapeutic Application Segment is Expected to Hold the Largest Market Share in the Exosomes MarketExosomes have the capability to serve as a therapeutic platform for many diseases, including COVID-19. Exosomes have clinical applications as cell-free alternatives for the treatment of several diseases and for tissue regeneration with the help of delivering therapeutic cargo components while circumventing immune rejection and cellular toxicity. In addition, stemcell-derived exosomes are advantageous in harnessing the anti-inflammatory and regenerative abilities of parent cells; thus exosomal treatment can be engineered for respiratory viral diseases, including SARS-CoV-2.
Exosomes have promising potential to be a vehicle for drug delivery as they have natural material transportation properties, the capability to support intrinsic long-term circulation, and high biocompatibility, which are the most suitable factors for the delivery of a variety of proteins, chemicals, and nucleic acids. According to a few research studies, exosomes have generated positive results as mediators of intercellular communication, potentially delivering the functional proteins, mRNA transcripts, and miRNAs to cells throughout the body. Exosomes, which are derived from some types of cells (such as dendritic and mesenchymal stem cells) have potential therapeutic properties and are biocompatible and efficient agents against various disorders such as organ injury. Although there is rapid progress in the research of exosome applications, there are many challenges in the development of exosome-based therapeutics, particularly in the production of exosome formulations due to their low productivity and heterogeneity. Moreover, there are a few barriers in the storage, optimizing, and isolation methods of exosome formulations.
North America Dominates the Market and is Expected to do the Same in the Forecast PeriodDuring the COVID-19, the United States is the most affected country across the world, as the exosomes, extracellular vesicles are considered as potential mediators of infection, reinfection, and reactivation, and the growing number of research with respect to exosomes are positively impacting the market growth in North America.
The North American region holds one of the largest shares in the exosomes market, owing to better healthcare infrastructure, effective government policies, a huge base of multinational companies, and high awareness among people about diagnostics and healthcare. A large number of government-funded research studies have been conducted, regarding the role of drugs using exosomes in several kinds of cancers, such as melanoma, breast cancer, lung cancer, and pancreatic cancer, among others. Companies, like Merck and Exosome Diagnostic, have sponsored and collaborated with several universities, such as Yale University and Michigan State University, to conduct clinical trials in the United States. Furthermore, these ventures are very well supported by government funding. The studies were mostly conducted for neoplasm.
In March 2017, researchers at the Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center and Weill Cornell Medicine received two grants from the Sohn Conference Foundation for the R&D of isolation and characterization of tumor-derived exosomes to study cancer occurrence in children. Exosome-based methodologies have laid a good foundation for several companies and research centers to develop novel diagnostic techniques for complex cases of cancer.
Small companies flooding the marketplace and enhancing the development of novel platforms and advanced technologies may also drive market growth over the forecast period. For instance, in July 2020, ILIAS Biologics was granted a key patent for its EXPLORE technology in the United States. EXPLOR technology is a novel protein-loading method that enables the active loading of large therapeutic cargo proteins into the lumen of exosomes the nanosized extracellular vesicles through cellular biogenesis processes.
Competitive LandscapeThe exosomes market is highly competitive and consists of a number of major players. Companies, like Danaher (Beckman Coulter Inc.), Diagenode Inc., Fujifilm Holdings Corporation, Hitachi Chemical Diagnostics Inc., Lonza, MBL International, Miltenyi Biotec, Novus Biologicals, Qiagen, and Thermo Fisher Scientific Inc., among others, hold the substantial market share in the exosomes market.
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