Global Display Port Market 2024-2028

Best Price Guarantee	Length	Publisher	Published Date	SKU
from $2,500	140 Pages	TechNavio	July, 2024	INF19033670

Best Price Guarantee
Price	from $2,500
Length	140 Pages
Publisher	TechNavio
Published Date	July, 2024
SKU	INF19033670

Global Display Port Market 2024-2028

The display port market is forecasted to grow by USD 556.2 mn during 2023-2028, accelerating at a CAGR of 4.44% during the forecast period. The report on the display port market provides a holistic analysis, market size and forecast, trends, growth drivers, and challenges, as well as vendor analysis covering around 25 vendors.

The report offers an up-to-date analysis regarding the current market scenario, the latest trends and drivers, and the overall market environment. The market is driven by increasing penetration of smart devices, popularity of display ports in VR, AR, and personal theatres, and ability of display ports to connect to PCs and gaming consoles.

Technavio's display port market is segmented as below:

By Application

Televisions
Home theatres
PC monitors and laptops
Others

By Geographical Landscape

APAC
North America
Europe
South America
Middle East and Africa

This study identifies the surge in automotive applications as one of the prime reasons driving the display port market growth during the next few years. Also, surging demand for high-quality video content and new product launches will lead to sizable demand in the market.

The report on the display port market covers the following areas:

Display port market sizing
Display port market forecast
Display port market industry analysis

The robust vendor analysis is designed to help clients improve their market position, and in line with this, this report provides a detailed analysis of several leading display port market vendors that include Advanced Micro Devices Inc., Analogix Semiconductor Inc., BlackCat India Pvt. Ltd., BlueRigger Retail Pvt. Ltd., Dell Technologies Inc., Hewlett Packard Enterprise Co., Infinite Cables Inc., Intel Corp., Japan Aviation Electronics Industry Ltd., Lattice Semiconductor Corp., Lenovo Group Ltd., Molex LLC, NXP Semiconductors NV, PureLink GmbH, Shree Krishna Infotech, STMicroelectronics International N.V., TE Connectivity Ltd., Texas Instruments Inc., and Tragant Handels und Beteiligungs GmbH. Also, the display port market analysis report includes information on upcoming trends and challenges that will influence market growth. This is to help companies strategize and leverage all forthcoming growth opportunities.

The study was conducted using an objective combination of primary and secondary information including inputs from key participants in the industry. The report contains a comprehensive market and vendor landscape in addition to an analysis of the key vendors.

The publisher presents a detailed picture of the market by the way of study, synthesis, and summation of data from multiple sources by an analysis of key parameters such as profit, pricing, competition, and promotions. It presents various market facets by identifying the key industry influencers. The data presented is comprehensive, reliable, and a result of extensive research - both primary and secondary. The market research reports provide a complete competitive landscape and an in-depth vendor selection methodology and analysis using qualitative and quantitative research to forecast the accurate market growth.

1 Executive Summary: 1.1 Market overview; Executive Summary - Chart on Market Overview; Executive Summary - Data Table on Market Overview; Executive Summary - Chart on Global Market Characteristics; Executive Summary - Chart on Market By Geographical Landscape; Executive Summary - Chart on Market Segmentation by Application; Executive Summary - Chart on Incremental Growth; Executive Summary - Data Table on Incremental Growth; Executive Summary - Chart on Company Market Positioning
2 Market Landscape: 2.1 Market ecosystem; Parent Market; Data Table on - Parent Market; 2.2 Market characteristics; Market characteristics analysis; 2.3 Value chain analysis; Value Chain Analysis
3 Market Sizing: 3.1 Market definition; Offerings of companies included in the market definition; 3.2 Market segment analysis; Market segments; 3.3 Market size 2023; 3.4 Market outlook: Forecast for 2023-2028; Chart on Global - Market size and forecast 2023-2028 ($ million); Data Table on Global - Market size and forecast 2023-2028 ($ million); Chart on Global Market: Year-over-year growth 2023-2028 (%); Data Table on Global Market: Year-over-year growth 2023-2028 (%)
4 Historic Market Size: 4.1 Global Display Port Market 2018 - 2022; Historic Market Size - Data Table on Global Display Port Market 2018 - 2022 ($ million); 4.2 Application segment analysis 2018 - 2022; Historic Market Size - Application Segment 2018 - 2022 ($ million); 4.3 Geography segment analysis 2018 - 2022; Historic Market Size - Geography Segment 2018 - 2022 ($ million); 4.4 Country segment analysis 2018 - 2022; Historic Market Size - Country Segment 2018 - 2022 ($ million)
5 Five Forces Analysis: 5.1 Five forces summary; Five forces analysis - Comparison between 2023 and 2028; 5.2 Bargaining power of buyers; Bargaining power of buyers - Impact of key factors 2023 and 2028; 5.3 Bargaining power of suppliers; Bargaining power of suppliers - Impact of key factors in 2023 and 2028; 5.4 Threat of new entrants; Threat of new entrants - Impact of key factors in 2023 and 2028; 5.5 Threat of substitutes; Threat of substitutes - Impact of key factors in 2023 and 2028; 5.6 Threat of rivalry; Threat of rivalry - Impact of key factors in 2023 and 2028; 5.7 Market condition; Chart on Market condition - Five forces 2023 and 2028
6 Market Segmentation by Application: 6.1 Market segments; Chart on Application - Market share 2023-2028 (%); Data Table on Application - Market share 2023-2028 (%); 6.2 Comparison by Application; Chart on Comparison by Application; Data Table on Comparison by Application; 6.3 Televisions - Market size and forecast 2023-2028; Chart on Televisions - Market size and forecast 2023-2028 ($ million); Data Table on Televisions - Market size and forecast 2023-2028 ($ million); Chart on Televisions - Year-over-year growth 2023-2028 (%); Data Table on Televisions - Year-over-year growth 2023-2028 (%); 6.4 Home theatres - Market size and forecast 2023-2028; Chart on Home theatres - Market size and forecast 2023-2028 ($ million); Data Table on Home theatres - Market size and forecast 2023-2028 ($ million); Chart on Home theatres - Year-over-year growth 2023-2028 (%); Data Table on Home theatres - Year-over-year growth 2023-2028 (%); 6.5 PC monitors and laptops - Market size and forecast 2023-2028; Chart on PC monitors and laptops - Market size and forecast 2023-2028 ($ million); Data Table on PC monitors and laptops - Market size and forecast 2023-2028 ($ million); Chart on PC monitors and laptops - Year-over-year growth 2023-2028 (%); Data Table on PC monitors and laptops - Year-over-year growth 2023-2028 (%); 6.6 Others - Market size and forecast 2023-2028; Chart on Others - Market size and forecast 2023-2028 ($ million); Data Table on Others - Market size and forecast 2023-2028 ($ million); Chart on Others - Year-over-year growth 2023-2028 (%); Data Table on Others - Year-over-year growth 2023-2028 (%); 6.7 Market opportunity by Application; Market opportunity by Application ($ million); Data Table on Market opportunity by Application ($ million)
7 Customer Landscape: 7.1 Customer landscape overview; Analysis of price sensitivity, lifecycle, customer purchase basket, adoption rates, and purchase criteria
8 Geographic Landscape: 8.1 Geographic segmentation; Chart on Market share By Geographical Landscape 2023-2028 (%); Data Table on Market share By Geographical Landscape 2023-2028 (%); 8.2 Geographic comparison; Chart on Geographic comparison; Data Table on Geographic comparison; 8.3 APAC - Market size and forecast 2023-2028; Chart on APAC - Market size and forecast 2023-2028 ($ million); Data Table on APAC - Market size and forecast 2023-2028 ($ million); Chart on APAC - Year-over-year growth 2023-2028 (%); Data Table on APAC - Year-over-year growth 2023-2028 (%); 8.4 North America - Market size and forecast 2023-2028; Chart on North America - Market size and forecast 2023-2028 ($ million); Data Table on North America - Market size and forecast 2023-2028 ($ million); Chart on North America - Year-over-year growth 2023-2028 (%); Data Table on North America - Year-over-year growth 2023-2028 (%); 8.5 Europe - Market size and forecast 2023-2028; Chart on Europe - Market size and forecast 2023-2028 ($ million); Data Table on Europe - Market size and forecast 2023-2028 ($ million); Chart on Europe - Year-over-year growth 2023-2028 (%); Data Table on Europe - Year-over-year growth 2023-2028 (%); 8.6 South America - Market size and forecast 2023-2028; Chart on South America - Market size and forecast 2023-2028 ($ million); Data Table on South America - Market size and forecast 2023-2028 ($ million); Chart on South America - Year-over-year growth 2023-2028 (%); Data Table on South America - Year-over-year growth 2023-2028 (%); 8.7 Middle East and Africa - Market size and forecast 2023-2028; Chart on Middle East and Africa - Market size and forecast 2023-2028 ($ million); Data Table on Middle East and Africa - Market size and forecast 2023-2028 ($ million); Chart on Middle East and Africa - Year-over-year growth 2023-2028 (%); Data Table on Middle East and Africa - Year-over-year growth 2023-2028 (%); 8.8 US - Market size and forecast 2023-2028; Chart on US - Market size and forecast 2023-2028 ($ million); Data Table on US - Market size and forecast 2023-2028 ($ million); Chart on US - Year-over-year growth 2023-2028 (%); Data Table on US - Year-over-year growth 2023-2028 (%); 8.9 China - Market size and forecast 2023-2028; Chart on China - Market size and forecast 2023-2028 ($ million); Data Table on China - Market size and forecast 2023-2028 ($ million); Chart on China - Year-over-year growth 2023-2028 (%); Data Table on China - Year-over-year growth 2023-2028 (%); 8.10 Germany - Market size and forecast 2023-2028; Chart on Germany - Market size and forecast 2023-2028 ($ million); Data Table on Germany - Market size and forecast 2023-2028 ($ million); Chart on Germany - Year-over-year growth 2023-2028 (%); Data Table on Germany - Year-over-year growth 2023-2028 (%); 8.11 UK - Market size and forecast 2023-2028; Chart on UK - Market size and forecast 2023-2028 ($ million); Data Table on UK - Market size and forecast 2023-2028 ($ million); Chart on UK - Year-over-year growth 2023-2028 (%); Data Table on UK - Year-over-year growth 2023-2028 (%); 8.12 Japan - Market size and forecast 2023-2028; Chart on Japan - Market size and forecast 2023-2028 ($ million); Data Table on Japan - Market size and forecast 2023-2028 ($ million); Chart on Japan - Year-over-year growth 2023-2028 (%); Data Table on Japan - Year-over-year growth 2023-2028 (%); 8.13 Market opportunity By Geographical Landscape; Market opportunity By Geographical Landscape ($ million); Data Tables on Market opportunity By Geographical Landscape ($ million)
9 Drivers, Challenges, and Opportunity/Restraints: 9.1 Market drivers; 9.2 Market challenges; 9.3 Impact of drivers and challenges; Impact of drivers and challenges in 2023 and 2028; 9.4 Market opportunities/restraints
10 Competitive Landscape: 10.1 Overview; 10.2 Competitive Landscape; Overview on criticality of inputs and factors of differentiation; 10.3 Landscape disruption; Overview on factors of disruption; 10.4 Industry risks; Impact of key risks on business
11 Competitive Analysis: 11.1 Companies profiled; Companies covered; 11.2 Market positioning of companies; Matrix on companies position and classification; 11.3 Advanced Micro Devices Inc.; Advanced Micro Devices Inc. - Overview; Advanced Micro Devices Inc. - Business segments; Advanced Micro Devices Inc. - Key news; Advanced Micro Devices Inc. - Key offerings; Advanced Micro Devices Inc. - Segment focus; 11.4 Analogix Semiconductor Inc.; Analogix Semiconductor Inc. - Overview; Analogix Semiconductor Inc. - Product / Service; Analogix Semiconductor Inc. - Key offerings; 11.5 Dell Technologies Inc.; Dell Technologies Inc. - Overview; Dell Technologies Inc. - Business segments; Dell Technologies Inc. - Key news; Dell Technologies Inc. - Key offerings; Dell Technologies Inc. - Segment focus; 11.6 Hewlett Packard Enterprise Co.; Hewlett Packard Enterprise Co. - Overview; Hewlett Packard Enterprise Co. - Business segments; Hewlett Packard Enterprise Co. - Key news; Hewlett Packard Enterprise Co. - Key offerings; Hewlett Packard Enterprise Co. - Segment focus; 11.7 Intel Corp.; Intel Corp. - Overview; Intel Corp. - Business segments; Intel Corp. - Key news; Intel Corp. - Key offerings; Intel Corp. - Segment focus; 11.8 Lattice Semiconductor Corp.; Lattice Semiconductor Corp. - Overview; Lattice Semiconductor Corp. - Product / Service; Lattice Semiconductor Corp. - Key offerings; 11.9 Lenovo Group Ltd.; Lenovo Group Ltd. - Overview; Lenovo Group Ltd. - Business segments; Lenovo Group Ltd. - Key news; Lenovo Group Ltd. - Key offerings; Lenovo Group Ltd. - Segment focus; 11.10 Molex LLC; Molex LLC - Overview; Molex LLC - Product / Service; Molex LLC - Key offerings; 11.11 NXP Semiconductors NV; NXP Semiconductors NV - Overview; NXP Semiconductors NV - Product / Service; NXP Semiconductors NV - Key news; NXP Semiconductors NV - Key offerings; 11.12 Texas Instruments Inc.; Texas Instruments Inc. - Overview; Texas Instruments Inc. - Business segments; Texas Instruments Inc. - Key news; Texas Instruments Inc. - Key offerings; Texas Instruments Inc. - Segment focus
12 Appendix: 12.1 Scope of the report; 12.2 Inclusions and exclusions checklist; Inclusions checklist; Exclusions checklist; 12.3 Currency conversion rates for US$; Currency conversion rates for US$; 12.4 Research methodology; Research methodology; 12.5 Data procurement; Information sources; 12.6 Data validation; Data validation; 12.7 Validation techniques employed for market sizing; Validation techniques employed for market sizing; 12.8 Data synthesis; Data synthesis; 12.9 360 degree market analysis; 360 degree market analysis; 12.10 List of abbreviations; List of abbreviations
Exhibits:: Exhibits1: Executive Summary - Chart on Market Overview; Exhibits2: Executive Summary - Data Table on Market Overview; Exhibits3: Executive Summary - Chart on Global Market Characteristics; Exhibits4: Executive Summary - Chart on Market By Geographical Landscape; Exhibits5: Executive Summary - Chart on Market Segmentation by Application; Exhibits6: Executive Summary - Chart on Incremental Growth; Exhibits7: Executive Summary - Data Table on Incremental Growth; Exhibits8: Executive Summary - Chart on Company Market Positioning; Exhibits9: Parent Market; Exhibits10: Data Table on - Parent Market; Exhibits11: Market characteristics analysis; Exhibits12: Value Chain Analysis; Exhibits13: Offerings of companies included in the market definition; Exhibits14: Market segments; Exhibits15: Chart on Global - Market size and forecast 2023-2028 ($ million); Exhibits16: Data Table on Global - Market size and forecast 2023-2028 ($ million); Exhibits17: Chart on Global Market: Year-over-year growth 2023-2028 (%); Exhibits18: Data Table on Global Market: Year-over-year growth 2023-2028 (%); Exhibits19: Historic Market Size - Data Table on Global Display Port Market 2018 - 2022 ($ million); Exhibits20: Historic Market Size - Application Segment 2018 - 2022 ($ million); Exhibits21: Historic Market Size - Geography Segment 2018 - 2022 ($ million); Exhibits22: Historic Market Size - Country Segment 2018 - 2022 ($ million); Exhibits23: Five forces analysis - Comparison between 2023 and 2028; Exhibits24: Bargaining power of buyers - Impact of key factors 2023 and 2028; Exhibits25: Bargaining power of suppliers - Impact of key factors in 2023 and 2028; Exhibits26: Threat of new entrants - Impact of key factors in 2023 and 2028; Exhibits27: Threat of substitutes - Impact of key factors in 2023 and 2028; Exhibits28: Threat of rivalry - Impact of key factors in 2023 and 2028; Exhibits29: Chart on Market condition - Five forces 2023 and 2028; Exhibits30: Chart on Application - Market share 2023-2028 (%); Exhibits31: Data Table on Application - Market share 2023-2028 (%); Exhibits32: Chart on Comparison by Application; Exhibits33: Data Table on Comparison by Application; Exhibits34: Chart on Televisions - Market size and forecast 2023-2028 ($ million); Exhibits35: Data Table on Televisions - Market size and forecast 2023-2028 ($ million); Exhibits36: Chart on Televisions - Year-over-year growth 2023-2028 (%); Exhibits37: Data Table on Televisions - Year-over-year growth 2023-2028 (%); Exhibits38: Chart on Home theatres - Market size and forecast 2023-2028 ($ million); Exhibits39: Data Table on Home theatres - Market size and forecast 2023-2028 ($ million); Exhibits40: Chart on Home theatres - Year-over-year growth 2023-2028 (%); Exhibits41: Data Table on Home theatres - Year-over-year growth 2023-2028 (%); Exhibits42: Chart on PC monitors and laptops - Market size and forecast 2023-2028 ($ million); Exhibits43: Data Table on PC monitors and laptops - Market size and forecast 2023-2028 ($ million); Exhibits44: Chart on PC monitors and laptops - Year-over-year growth 2023-2028 (%); Exhibits45: Data Table on PC monitors and laptops - Year-over-year growth 2023-2028 (%); Exhibits46: Chart on Others - Market size and forecast 2023-2028 ($ million); Exhibits47: Data Table on Others - Market size and forecast 2023-2028 ($ million); Exhibits48: Chart on Others - Year-over-year growth 2023-2028 (%); Exhibits49: Data Table on Others - Year-over-year growth 2023-2028 (%); Exhibits50: Market opportunity by Application ($ million); Exhibits51: Data Table on Market opportunity by Application ($ million); Exhibits52: Analysis of price sensitivity, lifecycle, customer purchase basket, adoption rates, and purchase criteria; Exhibits53: Chart on Market share By Geographical Landscape 2023-2028 (%); Exhibits54: Data Table on Market share By Geographical Landscape 2023-2028 (%); Exhibits55: Chart on Geographic comparison; Exhibits56: Data Table on Geographic comparison; Exhibits57: Chart on APAC - Market size and forecast 2023-2028 ($ million); Exhibits58: Data Table on APAC - Market size and forecast 2023-2028 ($ million); Exhibits59: Chart on APAC - Year-over-year growth 2023-2028 (%); Exhibits60: Data Table on APAC - Year-over-year growth 2023-2028 (%); Exhibits61: Chart on North America - Market size and forecast 2023-2028 ($ million); Exhibits62: Data Table on North America - Market size and forecast 2023-2028 ($ million); Exhibits63: Chart on North America - Year-over-year growth 2023-2028 (%); Exhibits64: Data Table on North America - Year-over-year growth 2023-2028 (%); Exhibits65: Chart on Europe - Market size and forecast 2023-2028 ($ million); Exhibits66: Data Table on Europe - Market size and forecast 2023-2028 ($ million); Exhibits67: Chart on Europe - Year-over-year growth 2023-2028 (%); Exhibits68: Data Table on Europe - Year-over-year growth 2023-2028 (%); Exhibits69: Chart on South America - Market size and forecast 2023-2028 ($ million); Exhibits70: Data Table on South America - Market size and forecast 2023-2028 ($ million); Exhibits71: Chart on South America - Year-over-year growth 2023-2028 (%); Exhibits72: Data Table on South America - Year-over-year growth 2023-2028 (%); Exhibits73: Chart on Middle East and Africa - Market size and forecast 2023-2028 ($ million); Exhibits74: Data Table on Middle East and Africa - Market size and forecast 2023-2028 ($ million); Exhibits75: Chart on Middle East and Africa - Year-over-year growth 2023-2028 (%); Exhibits76: Data Table on Middle East and Africa - Year-over-year growth 2023-2028 (%); Exhibits77: Chart on US - Market size and forecast 2023-2028 ($ million); Exhibits78: Data Table on US - Market size and forecast 2023-2028 ($ million); Exhibits79: Chart on US - Year-over-year growth 2023-2028 (%); Exhibits80: Data Table on US - Year-over-year growth 2023-2028 (%); Exhibits81: Chart on China - Market size and forecast 2023-2028 ($ million); Exhibits82: Data Table on China - Market size and forecast 2023-2028 ($ million); Exhibits83: Chart on China - Year-over-year growth 2023-2028 (%); Exhibits84: Data Table on China - Year-over-year growth 2023-2028 (%); Exhibits85: Chart on Germany - Market size and forecast 2023-2028 ($ million); Exhibits86: Data Table on Germany - Market size and forecast 2023-2028 ($ million); Exhibits87: Chart on Germany - Year-over-year growth 2023-2028 (%); Exhibits88: Data Table on Germany - Year-over-year growth 2023-2028 (%); Exhibits89: Chart on UK - Market size and forecast 2023-2028 ($ million); Exhibits90: Data Table on UK - Market size and forecast 2023-2028 ($ million); Exhibits91: Chart on UK - Year-over-year growth 2023-2028 (%); Exhibits92: Data Table on UK - Year-over-year growth 2023-2028 (%); Exhibits93: Chart on Japan - Market size and forecast 2023-2028 ($ million); Exhibits94: Data Table on Japan - Market size and forecast 2023-2028 ($ million); Exhibits95: Chart on Japan - Year-over-year growth 2023-2028 (%); Exhibits96: Data Table on Japan - Year-over-year growth 2023-2028 (%); Exhibits97: Market opportunity By Geographical Landscape ($ million); Exhibits98: Data Tables on Market opportunity By Geographical Landscape ($ million); Exhibits99: Impact of drivers and challenges in 2023 and 2028; Exhibits100: Overview on criticality of inputs and factors of differentiation; Exhibits101: Overview on factors of disruption; Exhibits102: Impact of key risks on business; Exhibits103: Companies covered; Exhibits104: Matrix on companies position and classification; Exhibits105: Advanced Micro Devices Inc. - Overview; Exhibits106: Advanced Micro Devices Inc. - Business segments; Exhibits107: Advanced Micro Devices Inc. - Key news; Exhibits108: Advanced Micro Devices Inc. - Key offerings; Exhibits109: Advanced Micro Devices Inc. - Segment focus; Exhibits110: Analogix Semiconductor Inc. - Overview; Exhibits111: Analogix Semiconductor Inc. - Product / Service; Exhibits112: Analogix Semiconductor Inc. - Key offerings; Exhibits113: Dell Technologies Inc. - Overview; Exhibits114: Dell Technologies Inc. - Business segments; Exhibits115: Dell Technologies Inc. - Key news; Exhibits116: Dell Technologies Inc. - Key offerings; Exhibits117: Dell Technologies Inc. - Segment focus; Exhibits118: Hewlett Packard Enterprise Co. - Overview; Exhibits119: Hewlett Packard Enterprise Co. - Business segments; Exhibits120: Hewlett Packard Enterprise Co. - Key news; Exhibits121: Hewlett Packard Enterprise Co. - Key offerings; Exhibits122: Hewlett Packard Enterprise Co. - Segment focus; Exhibits123: Intel Corp. - Overview; Exhibits124: Intel Corp. - Business segments; Exhibits125: Intel Corp. - Key news; Exhibits126: Intel Corp. - Key offerings; Exhibits127: Intel Corp. - Segment focus; Exhibits128: Lattice Semiconductor Corp. - Overview; Exhibits129: Lattice Semiconductor Corp. - Product / Service; Exhibits130: Lattice Semiconductor Corp. - Key offerings; Exhibits131: Lenovo Group Ltd. - Overview; Exhibits132: Lenovo Group Ltd. - Business segments; Exhibits133: Lenovo Group Ltd. - Key news; Exhibits134: Lenovo Group Ltd. - Key offerings; Exhibits135: Lenovo Group Ltd. - Segment focus; Exhibits136: Molex LLC - Overview; Exhibits137: Molex LLC - Product / Service; Exhibits138: Molex LLC - Key offerings; Exhibits139: NXP Semiconductors NV - Overview; Exhibits140: NXP Semiconductors NV - Product / Service; Exhibits141: NXP Semiconductors NV - Key news; Exhibits142: NXP Semiconductors NV - Key offerings; Exhibits143: Texas Instruments Inc. - Overview; Exhibits144: Texas Instruments Inc. - Business segments; Exhibits145: Texas Instruments Inc. - Key news; Exhibits146: Texas Instruments Inc. - Key offerings; Exhibits147: Texas Instruments Inc. - Segment focus; Exhibits148: Inclusions checklist; Exhibits149: Exclusions checklist; Exhibits150: Currency conversion rates for US$; Exhibits151: Research methodology; Exhibits152: Information sources; Exhibits153: Data validation; Exhibits154: Validation techniques employed for market sizing; Exhibits155: Data synthesis; Exhibits156: 360 degree market analysis; Exhibits157: List of abbreviations