Global 3d Printing Services Market 2024-2028

Best Price Guarantee	Length	Publisher	Published Date	SKU
from $2,500	159 Pages	TechNavio	July, 2024	INF19033567

Best Price Guarantee
Price	from $2,500
Length	159 Pages
Publisher	TechNavio
Published Date	July, 2024
SKU	INF19033567

Global 3D Printing Services Market 2024-2028

The 3D printing services market is forecasted to grow by USD 14796.5 mn during 2023-2028, accelerating at a CAGR of 24.89% during the forecast period. The report on the 3D printing services market provides a holistic analysis, market size and forecast, trends, growth drivers, and challenges, as well as vendor analysis covering around 25 vendors.

The report offers an up-to-date analysis regarding the current market scenario, the latest trends and drivers, and the overall market environment. The market is driven by rising customization across various industries, increasing investments in additive manufacturing, and use of 3D printing to produce spare parts.

Technavio's 3D printing services market is segmented as below:

By End-user

Consumer products
Automotive
Aerospace and defense
Healthcare
Others

By Geographical Landscape

APAC
Europe
North America
South America
Middle East and Africa

This study identifies the growing use of 3D printing in education sector as one of the prime reasons driving the 3D printing services market growth during the next few years. Also, increasing popularity of 3D printing in electronics industry and growing demand for new materials will lead to sizable demand in the market.

The report on the 3D printing services market covers the following areas:

3D printing services market sizing
3D printing services market forecast
3D printing services market industry analysis

The robust vendor analysis is designed to help clients improve their market position, and in line with this, this report provides a detailed analysis of several leading 3D printing services market vendors that include 3D Matters, 3D Spectra Technologies LLP, 3D Systems Corp., Autodesk Inc., Computer Aided Technology, Desktop Metal Inc., FORECAST 3D, General Electric Co., Makelab Inc., MATERIALISE NV, Moddler, Proto Labs Ltd., ProtoCAM, Sculpteo Inc., SHAPEWAYS HOLDINGS INC., STPL Group, Stratasys Ltd., think3D, Vexma Technologies Pvt Ltd., and voxeljet AG. Also, the 3D printing services market analysis report includes information on upcoming trends and challenges that will influence market growth. This is to help companies strategize and leverage all forthcoming growth opportunities.

The study was conducted using an objective combination of primary and secondary information including inputs from key participants in the industry. The report contains a comprehensive market and vendor landscape in addition to an analysis of the key vendors.

The publisher presents a detailed picture of the market by the way of study, synthesis, and summation of data from multiple sources by an analysis of key parameters such as profit, pricing, competition, and promotions. IT presents various market facets by identifying the key industry influencers. The data presented is comprehensive, reliable, and a result of extensive research - both primary and secondary. The market research reports provide a complete competitive landscape and an in-depth vendor selection methodology and analysis using qualitative and quantitative research to forecast the accurate market growth.

1 Executive Summary: 1.1 Market overview; Executive Summary - Chart on Market Overview; Executive Summary - Data Table on Market Overview; Executive Summary - Chart on Global Market Characteristics; Executive Summary - Chart on Market By Geographical Landscape; Executive Summary - Chart on Market Segmentation by End-user; Executive Summary - Chart on Incremental Growth; Executive Summary - Data Table on Incremental Growth; Executive Summary - Chart on Company Market Positioning
2 Market Landscape: 2.1 Market ecosystem; Parent Market; Data Table on - Parent Market; 2.2 Market characteristics; Market characteristics analysis; 2.3 Value chain analysis; Value Chain Analysis
3 Market Sizing: 3.1 Market definition; Offerings of companies included in the market definition; 3.2 Market segment analysis; Market segments; 3.3 Market size 2023; 3.4 Market outlook: Forecast for 2023-2028; Chart on Global - Market size and forecast 2023-2028 ($ million); Data Table on Global - Market size and forecast 2023-2028 ($ million); Chart on Global Market: Year-over-year growth 2023-2028 (%); Data Table on Global Market: Year-over-year growth 2023-2028 (%)
4 Historic Market Size: 4.1 Global 3D Printing Services Market 2018 - 2022; Historic Market Size - Data Table on Global 3D Printing Services Market 2018 - 2022 ($ million); 4.2 End-user segment analysis 2018 - 2022; Historic Market Size - End-user Segment 2018 - 2022 ($ million); 4.3 Geography segment analysis 2018 - 2022; Historic Market Size - Geography Segment 2018 - 2022 ($ million); 4.4 Country segment analysis 2018 - 2022; Historic Market Size - Country Segment 2018 - 2022 ($ million)
5 Five Forces Analysis: 5.1 Five forces summary; Five forces analysis - Comparison between 2023 and 2028; 5.2 Bargaining power of buyers; Bargaining power of buyers - Impact of key factors 2023 and 2028; 5.3 Bargaining power of suppliers; Bargaining power of suppliers - Impact of key factors in 2023 and 2028; 5.4 Threat of new entrants; Threat of new entrants - Impact of key factors in 2023 and 2028; 5.5 Threat of substitutes; Threat of substitutes - Impact of key factors in 2023 and 2028; 5.6 Threat of rivalry; Threat of rivalry - Impact of key factors in 2023 and 2028; 5.7 Market condition; Chart on Market condition - Five forces 2023 and 2028
6 Market Segmentation by End-user: 6.1 Market segments; Chart on End-user - Market share 2023-2028 (%); Data Table on End-user - Market share 2023-2028 (%); 6.2 Comparison by End-user; Chart on Comparison by End-user; Data Table on Comparison by End-user; 6.3 Consumer products - Market size and forecast 2023-2028; Chart on Consumer products - Market size and forecast 2023-2028 ($ million); Data Table on Consumer products - Market size and forecast 2023-2028 ($ million); Chart on Consumer products - Year-over-year growth 2023-2028 (%); Data Table on Consumer products - Year-over-year growth 2023-2028 (%); 6.4 Automotive - Market size and forecast 2023-2028; Chart on Automotive - Market size and forecast 2023-2028 ($ million); Data Table on Automotive - Market size and forecast 2023-2028 ($ million); Chart on Automotive - Year-over-year growth 2023-2028 (%); Data Table on Automotive - Year-over-year growth 2023-2028 (%); 6.5 Aerospace and defense - Market size and forecast 2023-2028; Chart on Aerospace and defense - Market size and forecast 2023-2028 ($ million); Data Table on Aerospace and defense - Market size and forecast 2023-2028 ($ million); Chart on Aerospace and defense - Year-over-year growth 2023-2028 (%); Data Table on Aerospace and defense - Year-over-year growth 2023-2028 (%); 6.6 Healthcare - Market size and forecast 2023-2028; Chart on Healthcare - Market size and forecast 2023-2028 ($ million); Data Table on Healthcare - Market size and forecast 2023-2028 ($ million); Chart on Healthcare - Year-over-year growth 2023-2028 (%); Data Table on Healthcare - Year-over-year growth 2023-2028 (%); 6.7 Others - Market size and forecast 2023-2028; Chart on Others - Market size and forecast 2023-2028 ($ million); Data Table on Others - Market size and forecast 2023-2028 ($ million); Chart on Others - Year-over-year growth 2023-2028 (%); Data Table on Others - Year-over-year growth 2023-2028 (%); 6.8 Market opportunity by End-user; Market opportunity by End-user ($ million); Data Table on Market opportunity by End-user ($ million)
7 Customer Landscape: 7.1 Customer landscape overview; Analysis of price sensitivity, lifecycle, customer purchase basket, adoption rates, and purchase criteria
8 Geographic Landscape: 8.1 Geographic segmentation; Chart on Market share By Geographical Landscape 2023-2028 (%); Data Table on Market share By Geographical Landscape 2023-2028 (%); 8.2 Geographic comparison; Chart on Geographic comparison; Data Table on Geographic comparison; 8.3 APAC - Market size and forecast 2023-2028; Chart on APAC - Market size and forecast 2023-2028 ($ million); Data Table on APAC - Market size and forecast 2023-2028 ($ million); Chart on APAC - Year-over-year growth 2023-2028 (%); Data Table on APAC - Year-over-year growth 2023-2028 (%); 8.4 Europe - Market size and forecast 2023-2028; Chart on Europe - Market size and forecast 2023-2028 ($ million); Data Table on Europe - Market size and forecast 2023-2028 ($ million); Chart on Europe - Year-over-year growth 2023-2028 (%); Data Table on Europe - Year-over-year growth 2023-2028 (%); 8.5 North America - Market size and forecast 2023-2028; Chart on North America - Market size and forecast 2023-2028 ($ million); Data Table on North America - Market size and forecast 2023-2028 ($ million); Chart on North America - Year-over-year growth 2023-2028 (%); Data Table on North America - Year-over-year growth 2023-2028 (%); 8.6 South America - Market size and forecast 2023-2028; Chart on South America - Market size and forecast 2023-2028 ($ million); Data Table on South America - Market size and forecast 2023-2028 ($ million); Chart on South America - Year-over-year growth 2023-2028 (%); Data Table on South America - Year-over-year growth 2023-2028 (%); 8.7 Middle East and Africa - Market size and forecast 2023-2028; Chart on Middle East and Africa - Market size and forecast 2023-2028 ($ million); Data Table on Middle East and Africa - Market size and forecast 2023-2028 ($ million); Chart on Middle East and Africa - Year-over-year growth 2023-2028 (%); Data Table on Middle East and Africa - Year-over-year growth 2023-2028 (%); 8.8 China - Market size and forecast 2023-2028; Chart on China - Market size and forecast 2023-2028 ($ million); Data Table on China - Market size and forecast 2023-2028 ($ million); Chart on China - Year-over-year growth 2023-2028 (%); Data Table on China - Year-over-year growth 2023-2028 (%); 8.9 US - Market size and forecast 2023-2028; Chart on US - Market size and forecast 2023-2028 ($ million); Data Table on US - Market size and forecast 2023-2028 ($ million); Chart on US - Year-over-year growth 2023-2028 (%); Data Table on US - Year-over-year growth 2023-2028 (%); 8.10 Japan - Market size and forecast 2023-2028; Chart on Japan - Market size and forecast 2023-2028 ($ million); Data Table on Japan - Market size and forecast 2023-2028 ($ million); Chart on Japan - Year-over-year growth 2023-2028 (%); Data Table on Japan - Year-over-year growth 2023-2028 (%); 8.11 South Korea - Market size and forecast 2023-2028; Chart on South Korea - Market size and forecast 2023-2028 ($ million); Data Table on South Korea - Market size and forecast 2023-2028 ($ million); Chart on South Korea - Year-over-year growth 2023-2028 (%); Data Table on South Korea - Year-over-year growth 2023-2028 (%); 8.12 Germany - Market size and forecast 2023-2028; Chart on Germany - Market size and forecast 2023-2028 ($ million); Data Table on Germany - Market size and forecast 2023-2028 ($ million); Chart on Germany - Year-over-year growth 2023-2028 (%); Data Table on Germany - Year-over-year growth 2023-2028 (%); 8.13 Market opportunity By Geographical Landscape; Market opportunity By Geographical Landscape ($ million); Data Tables on Market opportunity By Geographical Landscape ($ million)
9 Drivers, Challenges, and Opportunity/Restraints: 9.1 Market drivers; 9.2 Market challenges; 9.3 Impact of drivers and challenges; Impact of drivers and challenges in 2023 and 2028; 9.4 Market opportunities/restraints
10 Competitive Landscape: 10.1 Overview; 10.2 Competitive Landscape; Overview on criticality of inputs and factors of differentiation; 10.3 Landscape disruption; Overview on factors of disruption; 10.4 Industry risks; Impact of key risks on business
11 Competitive Analysis: 11.1 Companies profiled; Companies covered; 11.2 Market positioning of companies; Matrix on companies position and classification; 3D Matters; 3D Matters - Overview; 3D Matters - Product / Service; 3D Matters - Key offerings; 3D Systems Corp.; 3D Systems Corp. - Overview; 3D Systems Corp. - Business segments; 3D Systems Corp. - Key news; 3D Systems Corp. - Key offerings; 3D Systems Corp. - Segment focus; 11.5 Autodesk Inc.; Autodesk Inc. - Overview; Autodesk Inc. - Product / Service; Autodesk Inc. - Key news; Autodesk Inc. - Key offerings; 11.6 Computer Aided Technology; Computer Aided Technology - Overview; Computer Aided Technology - Product / Service; Computer Aided Technology - Key offerings; 11.7 Desktop Metal Inc.; Desktop Metal Inc. - Overview; Desktop Metal Inc. - Business segments; Desktop Metal Inc. - Key news; Desktop Metal Inc. - Key offerings; Desktop Metal Inc. - Segment focus; 11.8 General Electric Co.; General Electric Co. - Overview; General Electric Co. - Business segments; General Electric Co. - Key news; General Electric Co. - Key offerings; General Electric Co. - Segment focus; 11.9 MATERIALISE NV; MATERIALISE NV - Overview; MATERIALISE NV - Business segments; MATERIALISE NV - Key news; MATERIALISE NV - Key offerings; MATERIALISE NV - Segment focus; 11.10 Sculpteo Inc.; Sculpteo Inc. - Overview; Sculpteo Inc. - Product / Service; Sculpteo Inc. - Key offerings; 11.11 Stratasys Ltd.; Stratasys Ltd. - Overview; Stratasys Ltd. - Product / Service; Stratasys Ltd. - Key news; Stratasys Ltd. - Key offerings; 11.12 Vexma Technologies Pvt Ltd.; Vexma Technologies Pvt Ltd. - Overview; Vexma Technologies Pvt Ltd. - Product / Service; Vexma Technologies Pvt Ltd. - Key offerings
12 Appendix: 12.1 Scope of the report; 12.2 Inclusions and exclusions checklist; Inclusions checklist; Exclusions checklist; 12.3 Currency conversion rates for US$; Currency conversion rates for US$; 12.4 Research methodology; Research methodology; 12.5 Data procurement; Information sources; 12.6 Data validation; Data validation; 12.7 Validation techniques employed for market sizing; Validation techniques employed for market sizing; 12.8 Data synthesis; Data synthesis; 12.9 360 degree market analysis; 360 degree market analysis; 12.10 List of abbreviations; List of abbreviations
Exhibits:: Exhibits1: Executive Summary - Chart on Market Overview; Exhibits2: Executive Summary - Data Table on Market Overview; Exhibits3: Executive Summary - Chart on Global Market Characteristics; Exhibits4: Executive Summary - Chart on Market By Geographical Landscape; Exhibits5: Executive Summary - Chart on Market Segmentation by End-user; Exhibits6: Executive Summary - Chart on Incremental Growth; Exhibits7: Executive Summary - Data Table on Incremental Growth; Exhibits8: Executive Summary - Chart on Company Market Positioning; Exhibits9: Parent Market; Exhibits10: Data Table on - Parent Market; Exhibits11: Market characteristics analysis; Exhibits12: Value Chain Analysis; Exhibits13: Offerings of companies included in the market definition; Exhibits14: Market segments; Exhibits15: Chart on Global - Market size and forecast 2023-2028 ($ million); Exhibits16: Data Table on Global - Market size and forecast 2023-2028 ($ million); Exhibits17: Chart on Global Market: Year-over-year growth 2023-2028 (%); Exhibits18: Data Table on Global Market: Year-over-year growth 2023-2028 (%); Exhibits19: Historic Market Size - Data Table on Global 3D Printing Services Market 2018 - 2022 ($ million); Exhibits20: Historic Market Size - End-user Segment 2018 - 2022 ($ million); Exhibits21: Historic Market Size - Geography Segment 2018 - 2022 ($ million); Exhibits22: Historic Market Size - Country Segment 2018 - 2022 ($ million); Exhibits23: Five forces analysis - Comparison between 2023 and 2028; Exhibits24: Bargaining power of buyers - Impact of key factors 2023 and 2028; Exhibits25: Bargaining power of suppliers - Impact of key factors in 2023 and 2028; Exhibits26: Threat of new entrants - Impact of key factors in 2023 and 2028; Exhibits27: Threat of substitutes - Impact of key factors in 2023 and 2028; Exhibits28: Threat of rivalry - Impact of key factors in 2023 and 2028; Exhibits29: Chart on Market condition - Five forces 2023 and 2028; Exhibits30: Chart on End-user - Market share 2023-2028 (%); Exhibits31: Data Table on End-user - Market share 2023-2028 (%); Exhibits32: Chart on Comparison by End-user; Exhibits33: Data Table on Comparison by End-user; Exhibits34: Chart on Consumer products - Market size and forecast 2023-2028 ($ million); Exhibits35: Data Table on Consumer products - Market size and forecast 2023-2028 ($ million); Exhibits36: Chart on Consumer products - Year-over-year growth 2023-2028 (%); Exhibits37: Data Table on Consumer products - Year-over-year growth 2023-2028 (%); Exhibits38: Chart on Automotive - Market size and forecast 2023-2028 ($ million); Exhibits39: Data Table on Automotive - Market size and forecast 2023-2028 ($ million); Exhibits40: Chart on Automotive - Year-over-year growth 2023-2028 (%); Exhibits41: Data Table on Automotive - Year-over-year growth 2023-2028 (%); Exhibits42: Chart on Aerospace and defense - Market size and forecast 2023-2028 ($ million); Exhibits43: Data Table on Aerospace and defense - Market size and forecast 2023-2028 ($ million); Exhibits44: Chart on Aerospace and defense - Year-over-year growth 2023-2028 (%); Exhibits45: Data Table on Aerospace and defense - Year-over-year growth 2023-2028 (%); Exhibits46: Chart on Healthcare - Market size and forecast 2023-2028 ($ million); Exhibits47: Data Table on Healthcare - Market size and forecast 2023-2028 ($ million); Exhibits48: Chart on Healthcare - Year-over-year growth 2023-2028 (%); Exhibits49: Data Table on Healthcare - Year-over-year growth 2023-2028 (%); Exhibits50: Chart on Others - Market size and forecast 2023-2028 ($ million); Exhibits51: Data Table on Others - Market size and forecast 2023-2028 ($ million); Exhibits52: Chart on Others - Year-over-year growth 2023-2028 (%); Exhibits53: Data Table on Others - Year-over-year growth 2023-2028 (%); Exhibits54: Market opportunity by End-user ($ million); Exhibits55: Data Table on Market opportunity by End-user ($ million); Exhibits56: Analysis of price sensitivity, lifecycle, customer purchase basket, adoption rates, and purchase criteria; Exhibits57: Chart on Market share By Geographical Landscape 2023-2028 (%); Exhibits58: Data Table on Market share By Geographical Landscape 2023-2028 (%); Exhibits59: Chart on Geographic comparison; Exhibits60: Data Table on Geographic comparison; Exhibits61: Chart on APAC - Market size and forecast 2023-2028 ($ million); Exhibits62: Data Table on APAC - Market size and forecast 2023-2028 ($ million); Exhibits63: Chart on APAC - Year-over-year growth 2023-2028 (%); Exhibits64: Data Table on APAC - Year-over-year growth 2023-2028 (%); Exhibits65: Chart on Europe - Market size and forecast 2023-2028 ($ million); Exhibits66: Data Table on Europe - Market size and forecast 2023-2028 ($ million); Exhibits67: Chart on Europe - Year-over-year growth 2023-2028 (%); Exhibits68: Data Table on Europe - Year-over-year growth 2023-2028 (%); Exhibits69: Chart on North America - Market size and forecast 2023-2028 ($ million); Exhibits70: Data Table on North America - Market size and forecast 2023-2028 ($ million); Exhibits71: Chart on North America - Year-over-year growth 2023-2028 (%); Exhibits72: Data Table on North America - Year-over-year growth 2023-2028 (%); Exhibits73: Chart on South America - Market size and forecast 2023-2028 ($ million); Exhibits74: Data Table on South America - Market size and forecast 2023-2028 ($ million); Exhibits75: Chart on South America - Year-over-year growth 2023-2028 (%); Exhibits76: Data Table on South America - Year-over-year growth 2023-2028 (%); Exhibits77: Chart on Middle East and Africa - Market size and forecast 2023-2028 ($ million); Exhibits78: Data Table on Middle East and Africa - Market size and forecast 2023-2028 ($ million); Exhibits79: Chart on Middle East and Africa - Year-over-year growth 2023-2028 (%); Exhibits80: Data Table on Middle East and Africa - Year-over-year growth 2023-2028 (%); Exhibits81: Chart on China - Market size and forecast 2023-2028 ($ million); Exhibits82: Data Table on China - Market size and forecast 2023-2028 ($ million); Exhibits83: Chart on China - Year-over-year growth 2023-2028 (%); Exhibits84: Data Table on China - Year-over-year growth 2023-2028 (%); Exhibits85: Chart on US - Market size and forecast 2023-2028 ($ million); Exhibits86: Data Table on US - Market size and forecast 2023-2028 ($ million); Exhibits87: Chart on US - Year-over-year growth 2023-2028 (%); Exhibits88: Data Table on US - Year-over-year growth 2023-2028 (%); Exhibits89: Chart on Japan - Market size and forecast 2023-2028 ($ million); Exhibits90: Data Table on Japan - Market size and forecast 2023-2028 ($ million); Exhibits91: Chart on Japan - Year-over-year growth 2023-2028 (%); Exhibits92: Data Table on Japan - Year-over-year growth 2023-2028 (%); Exhibits93: Chart on South Korea - Market size and forecast 2023-2028 ($ million); Exhibits94: Data Table on South Korea - Market size and forecast 2023-2028 ($ million); Exhibits95: Chart on South Korea - Year-over-year growth 2023-2028 (%); Exhibits96: Data Table on South Korea - Year-over-year growth 2023-2028 (%); Exhibits97: Chart on Germany - Market size and forecast 2023-2028 ($ million); Exhibits98: Data Table on Germany - Market size and forecast 2023-2028 ($ million); Exhibits99: Chart on Germany - Year-over-year growth 2023-2028 (%); Exhibits100: Data Table on Germany - Year-over-year growth 2023-2028 (%); Exhibits101: Market opportunity By Geographical Landscape ($ million); Exhibits102: Data Tables on Market opportunity By Geographical Landscape ($ million); Exhibits103: Impact of drivers and challenges in 2023 and 2028; Exhibits104: Overview on criticality of inputs and factors of differentiation; Exhibits105: Overview on factors of disruption; Exhibits106: Impact of key risks on business; Exhibits107: Companies covered; Exhibits108: Matrix on companies position and classification; Exhibits109: 3D Matters - Overview; Exhibits110: 3D Matters - Product / Service; Exhibits111: 3D Matters - Key offerings; Exhibits112: 3D Systems Corp. - Overview; Exhibits113: 3D Systems Corp. - Business segments; Exhibits114: 3D Systems Corp. - Key news; Exhibits115: 3D Systems Corp. - Key offerings; Exhibits116: 3D Systems Corp. - Segment focus; Exhibits117: Autodesk Inc. - Overview; Exhibits118: Autodesk Inc. - Product / Service; Exhibits119: Autodesk Inc. - Key news; Exhibits120: Autodesk Inc. - Key offerings; Exhibits121: Computer Aided Technology - Overview; Exhibits122: Computer Aided Technology - Product / Service; Exhibits123: Computer Aided Technology - Key offerings; Exhibits124: Desktop Metal Inc. - Overview; Exhibits125: Desktop Metal Inc. - Business segments; Exhibits126: Desktop Metal Inc. - Key news; Exhibits127: Desktop Metal Inc. - Key offerings; Exhibits128: Desktop Metal Inc. - Segment focus; Exhibits129: General Electric Co. - Overview; Exhibits130: General Electric Co. - Business segments; Exhibits131: General Electric Co. - Key news; Exhibits132: General Electric Co. - Key offerings; Exhibits133: General Electric Co. - Segment focus; Exhibits134: MATERIALISE NV - Overview; Exhibits135: MATERIALISE NV - Business segments; Exhibits136: MATERIALISE NV - Key news; Exhibits137: MATERIALISE NV - Key offerings; Exhibits138: MATERIALISE NV - Segment focus; Exhibits139: Sculpteo Inc. - Overview; Exhibits140: Sculpteo Inc. - Product / Service; Exhibits141: Sculpteo Inc. - Key offerings; Exhibits142: Stratasys Ltd. - Overview; Exhibits143: Stratasys Ltd. - Product / Service; Exhibits144: Stratasys Ltd. - Key news; Exhibits145: Stratasys Ltd. - Key offerings; Exhibits146: Vexma Technologies Pvt Ltd. - Overview; Exhibits147: Vexma Technologies Pvt Ltd. - Product / Service; Exhibits148: Vexma Technologies Pvt Ltd. - Key offerings; Exhibits149: Inclusions checklist; Exhibits150: Exclusions checklist; Exhibits151: Currency conversion rates for US$; Exhibits152: Research methodology; Exhibits153: Information sources; Exhibits154: Data validation; Exhibits155: Validation techniques employed for market sizing; Exhibits156: Data synthesis; Exhibits157: 360 degree market analysis; Exhibits158: List of abbreviations