IT Market in Germany 2023-2027

Best Price Guarantee	Length	Publisher	Published Date	SKU
from $2,500	148 Pages	TechNavio	May, 2023	INF18067039

Best Price Guarantee
Price	from $2,500
Length	148 Pages
Publisher	TechNavio
Published Date	May, 2023
SKU	INF18067039

IT Market In Germany 2023-2027

IT market in Germany is forecasted to grow by USD 30.34 bn during 2022-2027, accelerating at a CAGR of 4.12% % during the forecast period. The report on the IT market in Germany provides a holistic analysis, market size and forecast, trends, growth drivers, and challenges, as well as vendor analysis covering around 25 vendors.

The report offers an up-to-date analysis regarding the current market scenario, the latest trends and drivers, and the overall market environment. The market is driven by increased adoption of IT solutions among German SMEs, increased adoption of cloud-based services by enterprises, and increasing digital infrastructure in Germany.

Technavio's IT market in Germany is segmented as below:

By End-user

Manufacturing
Government
BFSI
ICT
Business services and others

By Application

Large enterprise
SMEs

This study identifies the increasing adoption of big data solutions by enterprises as one of the prime reasons driving the IT market in Germany growth during the next few years. Also, government support for AI and increasing focus on industry 4.0 initiatives will lead to sizable demand in the market.

The report on the IT market in Germany covers the following areas:

IT market sizing in Germany
IT market forecast in Germany
IT market industry analysis in Germany

The robust vendor analysis is designed to help clients improve their market position, and in line with this, this report provides a detailed analysis of several leading IT market vendors in Germany that include badenIT GmbH, Broadcom Inc., Capgemini Service SAS, Cisco Systems Inc., Dell Technologies Inc., Fortinet Inc., Fujitsu Ltd., Hewlett Packard Enterprise Co., Hitachi Ltd., HUNARI Arik and Hunneck GbR, Infosys Ltd., International Business Machines Corp., Juniper Networks Inc., Lenovo Group Ltd., nextevolution GmbH, Oracle Corp., Siemens AG, Tata Consultancy Services Ltd., Toshiba Corp., and VACE Systemtechnik GmbH. Also, the IT market in Germany analysis report includes information on upcoming trends and challenges that will influence market growth. This is to help companies strategize and leverage all forthcoming growth opportunities.

The study was conducted using an objective combination of primary and secondary information including inputs from key participants in the industry. The report contains a comprehensive market and vendor landscape in addition to an analysis of the key vendors.

The publisher presents a detailed picture of the market by the way of study, synthesis, and summation of data from multiple sources by an analysis of key parameters such as profit, pricing, competition, and promotions. It presents various market facets by identifying the key industry influencers. The data presented is comprehensive, reliable, and a result of extensive research - both primary and secondary. The market research reports provide a complete competitive landscape and an in-depth vendor selection methodology and analysis using qualitative and quantitative research to forecast the accurate market growth.

1 Executive Summary: 1.1 Market overview; Exhibit 01: Executive Summary - Chart on Market Overview; Exhibit 02: Executive Summary - Data Table on Market Overview; Exhibit 03: Executive Summary - Chart on Country Market Characteristics; Exhibit 04: Executive Summary - Chart on Market Segmentation by End-user; Exhibit 05: Executive Summary - Chart on Market Segmentation by Application; Exhibit 06: Executive Summary - Chart on Vendor Market Positioning
2 Market Landscape: 2.1 Market ecosystem; Exhibit 07: Parent market; Exhibit 08: Market Characteristics
3 Market Sizing: 3.1 Market definition; Exhibit 09: Offerings of vendors included in the market definition; 3.2 Market segment analysis; Exhibit 10: Market segments; 3.3 Market size 2022; 3.4 Market outlook: Forecast for 2022-2027; Exhibit 11: Chart on Germany - Market size and forecast 2022-2027 ($ billion); Exhibit 12: Data Table on Germany - Market size and forecast 2022-2027 ($ billion); Exhibit 13: Chart on Germany: Year-over-year growth 2022-2027 (%); Exhibit 14: Data Table on Germany: Year-over-year growth 2022-2027 (%)
4 Historic Market Size: 4.1 IT market in Germany 2017 - 2021; Exhibit 15: Historic Market Size - Data Table on it market in Germany 2017 - 2021 ($ billion); 4.2 End-user Segment Analysis 2017 - 2021; Exhibit 16: Historic Market Size - End-user Segment 2017 - 2021 ($ billion); 4.3 Application Segment Analysis 2017 - 2021; Exhibit 17: Historic Market Size - Application Segment 2017 - 2021 ($ billion)
5 Five Forces Analysis: 5.1 Five forces summary; Exhibit 18: Five forces analysis - Comparison between 2022 and 2027; 5.2 Bargaining power of buyers; Exhibit 19: Chart on Bargaining power of buyers - Impact of key factors 2022 and 2027; 5.3 Bargaining power of suppliers; Exhibit 20: Bargaining power of suppliers - Impact of key factors in 2022 and 2027; 5.4 Threat of new entrants; Exhibit 21: Threat of new entrants - Impact of key factors in 2022 and 2027; 5.5 Threat of substitutes; Exhibit 22: Threat of substitutes - Impact of key factors in 2022 and 2027; 5.6 Threat of rivalry; Exhibit 23: Threat of rivalry - Impact of key factors in 2022 and 2027; 5.7 Market condition; Exhibit 24: Chart on Market condition - Five forces 2022 and 2027
6 Market Segmentation by End-user: 6.1 Market segments; Exhibit 25: Chart on End-user - Market share 2022-2027 (%); Exhibit 26: Data Table on End-user - Market share 2022-2027 (%); 6.2 Comparison by End-user; Exhibit 27: Chart on Comparison by End-user; Exhibit 28: Data Table on Comparison by End-user; 6.3 Manufacturing - Market size and forecast 2022-2027; Exhibit 29: Chart on Manufacturing - Market size and forecast 2022-2027 ($ billion); Exhibit 30: Data Table on Manufacturing - Market size and forecast 2022-2027 ($ billion); Exhibit 31: Chart on Manufacturing - Year-over-year growth 2022-2027 (%); Exhibit 32: Data Table on Manufacturing - Year-over-year growth 2022-2027 (%); 6.4 Government - Market size and forecast 2022-2027; Exhibit 33: Chart on Government - Market size and forecast 2022-2027 ($ billion); Exhibit 34: Data Table on Government - Market size and forecast 2022-2027 ($ billion); Exhibit 35: Chart on Government - Year-over-year growth 2022-2027 (%); Exhibit 36: Data Table on Government - Year-over-year growth 2022-2027 (%); 6.5 BFSI - Market size and forecast 2022-2027; Exhibit 37: Chart on BFSI - Market size and forecast 2022-2027 ($ billion); Exhibit 38: Data Table on BFSI - Market size and forecast 2022-2027 ($ billion); Exhibit 39: Chart on BFSI - Year-over-year growth 2022-2027 (%); Exhibit 40: Data Table on BFSI - Year-over-year growth 2022-2027 (%); 6.6 ICT - Market size and forecast 2022-2027; Exhibit 41: Chart on ICT - Market size and forecast 2022-2027 ($ billion); Exhibit 42: Data Table on ICT - Market size and forecast 2022-2027 ($ billion); Exhibit 43: Chart on ICT - Year-over-year growth 2022-2027 (%); Exhibit 44: Data Table on ICT - Year-over-year growth 2022-2027 (%); 6.7 Business services and others - Market size and forecast 2022-2027; Exhibit 45: Chart on Business services and others - Market size and forecast 2022-2027 ($ billion); Exhibit 46: Data Table on Business services and others - Market size and forecast 2022-2027 ($ billion); Exhibit 47: Chart on Business services and others - Year-over-year growth 2022-2027 (%); Exhibit 48: Data Table on Business services and others - Year-over-year growth 2022-2027 (%); 6.8 Market opportunity by End-user; Exhibit 49: Market opportunity by End-user ($ billion); Exhibit 50: Data Table on Market opportunity by End-user ($ billion)
7 Market Segmentation by Application: 7.1 Market segments; Exhibit 51: Chart on Application - Market share 2022-2027 (%); Exhibit 52: Data Table on Application - Market share 2022-2027 (%); 7.2 Comparison by Application; Exhibit 53: Chart on Comparison by Application; Exhibit 54: Data Table on Comparison by Application; 7.3 Large enterprise - Market size and forecast 2022-2027; Exhibit 55: Chart on Large enterprise - Market size and forecast 2022-2027 ($ billion); Exhibit 56: Data Table on Large enterprise - Market size and forecast 2022-2027 ($ billion); Exhibit 57: Chart on Large enterprise - Year-over-year growth 2022-2027 (%); Exhibit 58: Data Table on Large enterprise - Year-over-year growth 2022-2027 (%); 7.4 SMEs - Market size and forecast 2022-2027; Exhibit 59: Chart on SMEs - Market size and forecast 2022-2027 ($ billion); Exhibit 60: Data Table on SMEs - Market size and forecast 2022-2027 ($ billion); Exhibit 61: Chart on SMEs - Year-over-year growth 2022-2027 (%); Exhibit 62: Data Table on SMEs - Year-over-year growth 2022-2027 (%); 7.5 Market opportunity by Application; Exhibit 63: Market opportunity by Application ($ billion); Exhibit 64: Data Table on Market opportunity by Application ($ billion)
8 Customer Landscape: 8.1 Customer landscape overview; Exhibit 65: Analysis of price sensitivity, lifecycle, customer purchase basket, adoption rates, and purchase criteria
9 Drivers, Challenges, and Trends: 9.1 Market drivers; 9.2 Market challenges; 9.3 Impact of drivers and challenges; Exhibit 66: Impact of drivers and challenges in 2022 and 2027; 9.4 Market trends
10 Vendor Landscape: 10.1 Overview; 10.2 Vendor landscape; Exhibit 67: Overview on Criticality of inputs and Factors of differentiation; 10.3 Landscape disruption; Exhibit 68: Overview on factors of disruption; 10.4 Industry risks; Exhibit 69: Impact of key risks on business
11 Vendor Analysis: 11.1 Vendors covered; Exhibit 70: Vendors covered; 11.2 Market positioning of vendors; Exhibit 71: Matrix on vendor position and classification; 11.3 Broadcom Inc.; Exhibit 72: Broadcom Inc. - Overview; Exhibit 73: Broadcom Inc. - Business segments; Exhibit 74: Broadcom Inc. - Key news; Exhibit 75: Broadcom Inc. - Key offerings; Exhibit 76: Broadcom Inc. - Segment focus; 11.4 Capgemini Service SAS; Exhibit 77: Capgemini Service SAS - Overview; Exhibit 78: Capgemini Service SAS - Business segments; Exhibit 79: Capgemini Service SAS - Key news; Exhibit 80: Capgemini Service SAS - Key offerings; Exhibit 81: Capgemini Service SAS - Segment focus; 11.5 Cisco Systems Inc.; Exhibit 82: Cisco Systems Inc. - Overview; Exhibit 83: Cisco Systems Inc. - Business segments; Exhibit 84: Cisco Systems Inc. - Key news; Exhibit 85: Cisco Systems Inc. - Key offerings; Exhibit 86: Cisco Systems Inc. - Segment focus; 11.6 Dell Technologies Inc.; Exhibit 87: Dell Technologies Inc. - Overview; Exhibit 88: Dell Technologies Inc. - Business segments; Exhibit 89: Dell Technologies Inc. - Key offerings; Exhibit 90: Dell Technologies Inc. - Segment focus; 11.7 Fujitsu Ltd.; Exhibit 91: Fujitsu Ltd. - Overview; Exhibit 92: Fujitsu Ltd. - Business segments; Exhibit 93: Fujitsu Ltd. - Key news; Exhibit 94: Fujitsu Ltd. - Key offerings; Exhibit 95: Fujitsu Ltd. - Segment focus; 11.8 Hewlett Packard Enterprise Co.; Exhibit 96: Hewlett Packard Enterprise Co. - Overview; Exhibit 97: Hewlett Packard Enterprise Co. - Business segments; Exhibit 98: Hewlett Packard Enterprise Co. - Key news; Exhibit 99: Hewlett Packard Enterprise Co. - Key offerings; Exhibit 100: Hewlett Packard Enterprise Co. - Segment focus; 11.9 Hitachi Ltd.; Exhibit 101: Hitachi Ltd. - Overview; Exhibit 102: Hitachi Ltd. - Business segments; Exhibit 103: Hitachi Ltd. - Key news; Exhibit 104: Hitachi Ltd. - Key offerings; Exhibit 105: Hitachi Ltd. - Segment focus; 11.10 Infosys Ltd.; Exhibit 106: Infosys Ltd. - Overview; Exhibit 107: Infosys Ltd. - Business segments; Exhibit 108: Infosys Ltd. - Key news; Exhibit 109: Infosys Ltd. - Key offerings; Exhibit 110: Infosys Ltd. - Segment focus; 11.11 International Business Machines Corp.; Exhibit 111: International Business Machines Corp. - Overview; Exhibit 112: International Business Machines Corp. - Business segments; Exhibit 113: International Business Machines Corp. - Key news; Exhibit 114: International Business Machines Corp. - Key offerings; Exhibit 115: International Business Machines Corp. - Segment focus; 11.12 Juniper Networks Inc.; Exhibit 116: Juniper Networks Inc. - Overview; Exhibit 117: Juniper Networks Inc. - Product / Service; Exhibit 118: Juniper Networks Inc. - Key offerings; 11.13 Lenovo Group Ltd.; Exhibit 119: Lenovo Group Ltd. - Overview; Exhibit 120: Lenovo Group Ltd. - Business segments; Exhibit 121: Lenovo Group Ltd. - Key offerings; Exhibit 122: Lenovo Group Ltd. - Segment focus; 11.14 Oracle Corp.; Exhibit 123: Oracle Corp. - Overview; Exhibit 124: Oracle Corp. - Business segments; Exhibit 125: Oracle Corp. - Key news; Exhibit 126: Oracle Corp. - Key offerings; Exhibit 127: Oracle Corp. - Segment focus; 11.15 Siemens AG; Exhibit 128: Siemens AG - Overview; Exhibit 129: Siemens AG - Business segments; Exhibit 130: Siemens AG - Key news; Exhibit 131: Siemens AG - Key offerings; Exhibit 132: Siemens AG - Segment focus; 11.16 Tata Consultancy Services Ltd.; Exhibit 133: Tata Consultancy Services Ltd. - Overview; Exhibit 134: Tata Consultancy Services Ltd. - Business segments; Exhibit 135: Tata Consultancy Services Ltd. - Key news; Exhibit 136: Tata Consultancy Services Ltd. - Key offerings; Exhibit 137: Tata Consultancy Services Ltd. - Segment focus; 11.17 Toshiba Corp.; Exhibit 138: Toshiba Corp. - Overview; Exhibit 139: Toshiba Corp. - Business segments; Exhibit 140: Toshiba Corp. - Key offerings; Exhibit 141: Toshiba Corp. - Segment focus
12 Appendix: 12.1 Scope of the report; 12.2 Inclusions and exclusions checklist; Exhibit 142: Inclusions checklist; Exhibit 143: Exclusions checklist; 12.3 Currency conversion rates for US$; Exhibit 144: Currency conversion rates for US$; 12.4 Research methodology; Exhibit 145: Research methodology; Exhibit 146: Validation techniques employed for market sizing; Exhibit 147: Information sources; 12.5 List of abbreviations; Exhibit 148: List of abbreviations
Exhibits:: Exhibits1: Executive Summary - Chart on Market Overview; Exhibits2: Executive Summary - Data Table on Market Overview; Exhibits3: Executive Summary - Chart on Country Market Characteristics; Exhibits4: Executive Summary - Chart on Market Segmentation by End-user; Exhibits5: Executive Summary - Chart on Market Segmentation by Application; Exhibits6: Executive Summary - Chart on Vendor Market Positioning; Exhibits7: Parent market; Exhibits8: Market Characteristics; Exhibits9: Offerings of vendors included in the market definition; Exhibits10: Market segments; Exhibits11: Chart on Germany - Market size and forecast 2022-2027 ($ billion); Exhibits12: Data Table on Germany - Market size and forecast 2022-2027 ($ billion); Exhibits13: Chart on Germany: Year-over-year growth 2022-2027 (%); Exhibits14: Data Table on Germany: Year-over-year growth 2022-2027 (%); Exhibits15: Historic Market Size - Data Table on it market in Germany 2017 - 2021 ($ billion); Exhibits16: Historic Market Size - End-user Segment 2017 - 2021 ($ billion); Exhibits17: Historic Market Size - Application Segment 2017 - 2021 ($ billion); Exhibits18: Five forces analysis - Comparison between 2022 and 2027; Exhibits19: Chart on Bargaining power of buyers - Impact of key factors 2022 and 2027; Exhibits20: Bargaining power of suppliers - Impact of key factors in 2022 and 2027; Exhibits21: Threat of new entrants - Impact of key factors in 2022 and 2027; Exhibits22: Threat of substitutes - Impact of key factors in 2022 and 2027; Exhibits23: Threat of rivalry - Impact of key factors in 2022 and 2027; Exhibits24: Chart on Market condition - Five forces 2022 and 2027; Exhibits25: Chart on End-user - Market share 2022-2027 (%); Exhibits26: Data Table on End-user - Market share 2022-2027 (%); Exhibits27: Chart on Comparison by End-user; Exhibits28: Data Table on Comparison by End-user; Exhibits29: Chart on Manufacturing - Market size and forecast 2022-2027 ($ billion); Exhibits30: Data Table on Manufacturing - Market size and forecast 2022-2027 ($ billion); Exhibits31: Chart on Manufacturing - Year-over-year growth 2022-2027 (%); Exhibits32: Data Table on Manufacturing - Year-over-year growth 2022-2027 (%); Exhibits33: Chart on Government - Market size and forecast 2022-2027 ($ billion); Exhibits34: Data Table on Government - Market size and forecast 2022-2027 ($ billion); Exhibits35: Chart on Government - Year-over-year growth 2022-2027 (%); Exhibits36: Data Table on Government - Year-over-year growth 2022-2027 (%); Exhibits37: Chart on BFSI - Market size and forecast 2022-2027 ($ billion); Exhibits38: Data Table on BFSI - Market size and forecast 2022-2027 ($ billion); Exhibits39: Chart on BFSI - Year-over-year growth 2022-2027 (%); Exhibits40: Data Table on BFSI - Year-over-year growth 2022-2027 (%); Exhibits41: Chart on ICT - Market size and forecast 2022-2027 ($ billion); Exhibits42: Data Table on ICT - Market size and forecast 2022-2027 ($ billion); Exhibits43: Chart on ICT - Year-over-year growth 2022-2027 (%); Exhibits44: Data Table on ICT - Year-over-year growth 2022-2027 (%); Exhibits45: Chart on Business services and others - Market size and forecast 2022-2027 ($ billion); Exhibits46: Data Table on Business services and others - Market size and forecast 2022-2027 ($ billion); Exhibits47: Chart on Business services and others - Year-over-year growth 2022-2027 (%); Exhibits48: Data Table on Business services and others - Year-over-year growth 2022-2027 (%); Exhibits49: Market opportunity by End-user ($ billion); Exhibits50: Data Table on Market opportunity by End-user ($ billion); Exhibits51: Chart on Application - Market share 2022-2027 (%); Exhibits52: Data Table on Application - Market share 2022-2027 (%); Exhibits53: Chart on Comparison by Application; Exhibits54: Data Table on Comparison by Application; Exhibits55: Chart on Large enterprise - Market size and forecast 2022-2027 ($ billion); Exhibits56: Data Table on Large enterprise - Market size and forecast 2022-2027 ($ billion); Exhibits57: Chart on Large enterprise - Year-over-year growth 2022-2027 (%); Exhibits58: Data Table on Large enterprise - Year-over-year growth 2022-2027 (%); Exhibits59: Chart on SMEs - Market size and forecast 2022-2027 ($ billion); Exhibits60: Data Table on SMEs - Market size and forecast 2022-2027 ($ billion); Exhibits61: Chart on SMEs - Year-over-year growth 2022-2027 (%); Exhibits62: Data Table on SMEs - Year-over-year growth 2022-2027 (%); Exhibits63: Market opportunity by Application ($ billion); Exhibits64: Data Table on Market opportunity by Application ($ billion); Exhibits65: Analysis of price sensitivity, lifecycle, customer purchase basket, adoption rates, and purchase criteria; Exhibits66: Impact of drivers and challenges in 2022 and 2027; Exhibits67: Overview on Criticality of inputs and Factors of differentiation; Exhibits68: Overview on factors of disruption; Exhibits69: Impact of key risks on business; Exhibits70: Vendors covered; Exhibits71: Matrix on vendor position and classification; Exhibits72: Broadcom Inc. - Overview; Exhibits73: Broadcom Inc. - Business segments; Exhibits74: Broadcom Inc. - Key news; Exhibits75: Broadcom Inc. - Key offerings; Exhibits76: Broadcom Inc. - Segment focus; Exhibits77: Capgemini Service SAS - Overview; Exhibits78: Capgemini Service SAS - Business segments; Exhibits79: Capgemini Service SAS - Key news; Exhibits80: Capgemini Service SAS - Key offerings; Exhibits81: Capgemini Service SAS - Segment focus; Exhibits82: Cisco Systems Inc. - Overview; Exhibits83: Cisco Systems Inc. - Business segments; Exhibits84: Cisco Systems Inc. - Key news; Exhibits85: Cisco Systems Inc. - Key offerings; Exhibits86: Cisco Systems Inc. - Segment focus; Exhibits87: Dell Technologies Inc. - Overview; Exhibits88: Dell Technologies Inc. - Business segments; Exhibits89: Dell Technologies Inc. - Key offerings; Exhibits90: Dell Technologies Inc. - Segment focus; Exhibits91: Fujitsu Ltd. - Overview; Exhibits92: Fujitsu Ltd. - Business segments; Exhibits93: Fujitsu Ltd. - Key news; Exhibits94: Fujitsu Ltd. - Key offerings; Exhibits95: Fujitsu Ltd. - Segment focus; Exhibits96: Hewlett Packard Enterprise Co. - Overview; Exhibits97: Hewlett Packard Enterprise Co. - Business segments; Exhibits98: Hewlett Packard Enterprise Co. - Key news; Exhibits99: Hewlett Packard Enterprise Co. - Key offerings; Exhibits100: Hewlett Packard Enterprise Co. - Segment focus; Exhibits101: Hitachi Ltd. - Overview; Exhibits102: Hitachi Ltd. - Business segments; Exhibits103: Hitachi Ltd. - Key news; Exhibits104: Hitachi Ltd. - Key offerings; Exhibits105: Hitachi Ltd. - Segment focus; Exhibits106: Infosys Ltd. - Overview; Exhibits107: Infosys Ltd. - Business segments; Exhibits108: Infosys Ltd. - Key news; Exhibits109: Infosys Ltd. - Key offerings; Exhibits110: Infosys Ltd. - Segment focus; Exhibits111: International Business Machines Corp. - Overview; Exhibits112: International Business Machines Corp. - Business segments; Exhibits113: International Business Machines Corp. - Key news; Exhibits114: International Business Machines Corp. - Key offerings; Exhibits115: International Business Machines Corp. - Segment focus; Exhibits116: Juniper Networks Inc. - Overview; Exhibits117: Juniper Networks Inc. - Product / Service; Exhibits118: Juniper Networks Inc. - Key offerings; Exhibits119: Lenovo Group Ltd. - Overview; Exhibits120: Lenovo Group Ltd. - Business segments; Exhibits121: Lenovo Group Ltd. - Key offerings; Exhibits122: Lenovo Group Ltd. - Segment focus; Exhibits123: Oracle Corp. - Overview; Exhibits124: Oracle Corp. - Business segments; Exhibits125: Oracle Corp. - Key news; Exhibits126: Oracle Corp. - Key offerings; Exhibits127: Oracle Corp. - Segment focus; Exhibits128: Siemens AG - Overview; Exhibits129: Siemens AG - Business segments; Exhibits130: Siemens AG - Key news; Exhibits131: Siemens AG - Key offerings; Exhibits132: Siemens AG - Segment focus; Exhibits133: Tata Consultancy Services Ltd. - Overview; Exhibits134: Tata Consultancy Services Ltd. - Business segments; Exhibits135: Tata Consultancy Services Ltd. - Key news; Exhibits136: Tata Consultancy Services Ltd. - Key offerings; Exhibits137: Tata Consultancy Services Ltd. - Segment focus; Exhibits138: Toshiba Corp. - Overview; Exhibits139: Toshiba Corp. - Business segments; Exhibits140: Toshiba Corp. - Key offerings; Exhibits141: Toshiba Corp. - Segment focus; Exhibits142: Inclusions checklist; Exhibits143: Exclusions checklist; Exhibits144: Currency conversion rates for US$; Exhibits145: Research methodology; Exhibits146: Validation techniques employed for market sizing; Exhibits147: Information sources; Exhibits148: List of abbreviations