Innovation Insights: siRNA gene silencing
Summary
siRNA gene silencing is a powerful technique used in molecular biology to selectively silence the expression of specific genes. Small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) are short double-stranded RNA molecules that can bind to complementary messenger RNA (mRNA) sequences and trigger their degradation, preventing the translation of the corresponding protein. This process, known as RNA interference (RNAi), allows researchers to study the function of individual genes and potentially develop new therapeutic strategies for treating genetic diseases or cancer. By designing siRNAs that target specific genes, scientists can effectively silence their expression and investigate the resulting phenotypic changes in cells or organisms. The use of siRNA gene silencing has revolutionized the field of genetics and has the potential to lead to significant advancements in medicine and biotechnology.
siRNA, or short interfering RNA, is a non-coding RNA sequence that can inhibit gene expression, making it a key component in various therapeutic innovations. While the discovery of siRNA for targeted therapies dates back over a decade, current efforts are focused on improving stability and targeted delivery. The gene silencing capabilities of siRNA have led to its widespread use in novel therapies, with a significant number of patents set to expire in the near future.
Recent patent analysis shows a growing trend in siRNA innovation, with a particular focus on metabolic diseases, infectious diseases, neurological diseases, and cardiovascular diseases. The majority of patent activity is driven by universities and research institutions, with over 100 new entities filing patents in the past two years.
The innovation landscape is primarily dominated by companies in Southeast Asia, particularly in China, Japan, and South Korea. Among publicly listed companies, leaders in siRNA gene silencing include Alnylam, Thermo Fisher (Revvity/Dharmacon), and Sirnaomics. Additionally, there are over 50 startups in this space, with Chinese companies like Suzhou Ribo Life Sciences and Gangzhou Ribo Bio leading the way.
In the drug landscape, there are currently 799 siRNA gene silencing drugs in development, with a focus on oncology and metabolic disorders therapies. The most common route of administration is subcutaneous, and major players like Alnylam Pharmaceuticals Inc and Sirnaomics Ltd are leading the way in drug development, particularly in Phase I and Phase II trials.
Alnylam Pharmaceuticals Inc leads the way in clinical trials for siRNA gene silencing drugs, with 79 trials, followed by Arrowhead Pharmaceuticals Inc with 48 trials. Metabolic disorders trials are the most prevalent, with Hepatitis B being the top indication.
In terms of deals, there have been 334 deals totaling US$107 billion in the siRNA gene silencing sector. The United States and Ireland stand out with two major M&A deals worth $54.9 billion. The highest deal volume was observed in 2023, while the highest deal value was seen in 2020. The slight decline in 2021, followed by a slight increase in 2022, may indicate market adjustments and strategic consolidations. The United States is the major geography for deals, with a deal value of US$54.9 billion and the highest deal volume since 2020.
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