The Global Market for Wearable Electronics and Sensors 2025-2035

Best Price Guarantee	Length	Publisher	Published Date	SKU
from $1,500	1214 Pages	Future Markets, Inc.	December, 2024	FTMK19425485

Best Price Guarantee
Price	from $1,500
Length	1214 Pages
Publisher	Future Markets, Inc.
Published Date	December, 2024
SKU	FTMK19425485

The Global Market for Wearable Electronics and Sensors 2025-2035

The Global Market for Wearable Electronics and Sensors 2025-2035 provides comprehensive analysis of the rapidly evolving wearable technology industry, covering everything from consumer devices to medical applications and advanced electronic textiles. This extensive report examines key market trends, technological developments, and growth opportunities across the entire wearable electronics ecosystem. The wearables market continues to experience significant growth, driven by innovations in flexible electronics, sensor technologies, and advanced materials. The report provides detailed insights into major segments including smartwatches, fitness trackers, smart clothing, medical devices, and augmented/virtual reality headsets. With the integration of artificial intelligence, improved battery technology, and miniaturization of components, wearable devices are becoming increasingly sophisticated and capable of collecting and analyzing complex biometric data.

Key areas analyzed include:
Comprehensive coverage of wearable form factors including smart watches, bands, glasses, clothing, patches, rings, hearables, head-mounted displays, jewelry, and smart insoles
Detailed analysis of sensor technologies including motion, optical, force, strain, chemical, and biosensors
Manufacturing methods and materials including printed electronics, 3D electronics, flexible substrates, and advanced integration techniques
Medical and healthcare applications from continuous glucose monitoring to electronic skin patches
Gaming and entertainment applications focusing on AR/VR/MR devices
Electronic textiles (e-textiles) and smart apparel developments
Energy storage and harvesting solutions for wearable devices

The report provides extensive market forecasts from 2025-2035, analyzing volume and revenue projections across different device categories and application segments.

It examines key market drivers including:
Growing demand for continuous health monitoring and preventive healthcare
Increasing adoption of fitness tracking and sports performance analysis
Rising interest in augmented and virtual reality applications
Advancements in flexible electronics and sensor technologies
Integration of AI and machine learning capabilities
Development of improved power solutions and energy harvesting
Expansion of IoT and connected device ecosystems

Key technologies covered include:
Advanced sensor development and integration
Flexible and stretchable electronics
Printed electronics manufacturing
Novel materials including conductive inks and polymers
Battery and energy harvesting innovations
Display technologies including microLED
Wireless connectivity solutions

The report profiles >900 companies across the wearable technology value chain, from component manufacturers to end-product developers. It provides detailed analysis of market leaders and innovative startups advancing the field through technological breakthroughs and novel applications. Companies profiled include Abbott Diabetes Care, Artinis Medical Systems, Biobeat Technologies, Biosency, Bosch Sensortec, Cerca Magnetics, Cosinuss, Datwyler, Dexcom, DigiLens, Dispelix, Doublepoint, EarSwitch, Emteq Limited, Epicore Biosystems, Equivital, HTC, IDUN Technologies, IQE, Infi-Tex, Jade Bird Display, Know Labs, Kokoon, Lenovo, LetinAR, Liquid Wire, Lumus, Lynx, Mateligent GmbH, MICLEDI, MICROOLED, Mojo Vision, Nanoleq, Nanusens, NeuroFusion, Oorym, Optinvent, OQmented, Orpyx, Ostendo Technologies, PKVitality, PragmatIC, PROPHESEE, RayNeo (TCL), Raynergy Tek, Rhaeos Inc, Sefar, Segotia, Sony, STMicroelectronics, StretchSense, Tacterion, TDK, Teveri, The Metaverse Standards Forum, TriLite Technologies, TruLife Optics, Valencell, Vitality, VitreaLab, VividQ, Wearable Devices Ltd., WHOOP, Wisear, Withings Health Solutions, XSensio, Zimmer and Peacock and more......

The report also examines:
Manufacturing processes and challenges
Material developments and innovations
Component integration techniques
Power management solutions
Data processing and analytics
Regulatory considerations
Market barriers and opportunities
Investment trends and funding

The research highlights emerging applications across multiple sectors:
Healthcare and Medical:
Remote patient monitoring
Diagnostic devices
Drug delivery systems
Rehabilitation technology
Mental health applications

Consumer and Fitness:
Activity tracking
Sports performance analysis
Sleep monitoring
Stress management
Personal safety

Enterprise and Industrial:
Workplace safety monitoring
Industrial training
Remote assistance
Productivity enhancement
Process optimization

Gaming and Entertainment:
Virtual reality gaming
Augmented reality experiences
Mixed reality applications
Interactive entertainment
Immersive media

The report analyzes key market trends including:
Shift toward flexible and stretchable form factors
Integration of advanced sensing capabilities
Development of smart textiles and e-fabrics
Improvements in power efficiency and battery life
Enhanced data processing and AI integration
Growth in medical and healthcare applications
Expansion of AR/VR/MR technology

With over 1000 pages of detailed analysis, including hundreds of figures, tables and company profiles, this report provides essential intelligence for:
Wearable device manufacturers
Component suppliers
Material developers
Electronics companies
Healthcare providers
Investment firms
Research institutions
Technology strategists

1 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

1.1 The evolution of electronics

1.2 The wearables revolution

1.3 The wearable tech market in 2024

1.4 Wearable market leaders

1.5 Continuous monitoring

1.6 Market map for wearable electronics and sensors

1.7 From rigid to flexible and stretchable

1.8 Flexible and stretchable electronics in wearables

1.9 Stretchable artificial skin

1.10 Role in the metaverse

1.11 Wearable electronics in the textiles industry

1.12 New conductive materials

1.13 Entertainment

1.14 Growth in flexible and stretchable electronics market

1.14.1 Recent growth in Printed, flexible and stretchable products

1.14.2 Future growth

1.14.3 Advanced materials as a market driver

1.14.4 Growth in remote health monitoring and diagnostics

1.15 Innovations at CES 2021-2024

1.16 Investment funding and buy-outs 2019-2024

1.17 Flexible hybrid electronics (FHE)

1.18 Sustainability in flexible electronics

2 INTRODUCTION

2.1 Introduction to wearable technology and wearable sensors

2.1.1 What is wearable technology?

2.1.1.1 Wearable sensing

2.1.1.1.1 Types

2.1.1.1.2 Market trends in wearable sensors

2.1.1.1.3 Markets

2.2 Form factors

2.2.1 Smart Watches

2.2.2 Smart Bands

2.2.3 Smart Glasses

2.2.4 Smart Clothing

2.2.5 Smart Patches

2.2.6 Smart Rings

2.2.7 Hearables

2.2.8 Head-Mounted

2.2.9 Smart Insoles

2.3 Wearable sensors

2.3.1 Motion Sensors

2.3.1.1 Overview

2.3.1.2 Technology and Components

2.3.1.2.1 Inertial Measurement Units (IMUs)

2.3.1.2.1.1 MEMs accelerometers

2.3.1.2.1.2 MEMS Gyroscopes

2.3.1.2.1.3 IMUs in smart-watches

2.3.1.2.2 Tunneling magnetoresistance sensors (TMR)

2.3.1.3 Applications

2.3.2 Optical Sensors

2.3.2.1 Overview

2.3.2.2 Technology and Components

2.3.2.2.1 Photoplethysmography (PPG)

2.3.2.2.2 Spectroscopy

2.3.2.2.3 Photodetectors

2.3.2.3 Applications

2.3.2.3.1 Heart Rate Optical Sensors

2.3.2.3.2 Pulse Oximetry Optical Sensors

2.3.2.3.2.1 Blood oxygen measurement

2.3.2.3.2.2 Wellness and Medical Applications

2.3.2.3.2.3 Consumer Pulse Oximetry

2.3.2.3.2.4 Pediatric Applications

2.3.2.3.2.5 Skin Patches

2.3.2.3.3 Blood Pressure Optical Sensors

2.3.2.3.3.1 Commercialization

2.3.2.3.3.2 Oscillometric blood pressure measurement

2.3.2.3.3.3 Combination of PPG and ECG

2.3.2.3.3.4 Non-invasive Blood Pressure Sensing

2.3.2.3.3.5 Blood Pressure Hearables

2.3.2.3.4 Non-Invasive Glucose Monitoring Optical Sensors

2.3.2.3.4.1 Overview

2.3.2.3.4.2 Other Optical Approaches

2.3.2.3.5 fNIRS Optical Sensors

2.3.2.3.5.1 Overview

2.3.2.3.5.2 Brain-Computer Interfaces

2.3.3 Force Sensors

2.3.3.1 Overview

2.3.3.1.1 Piezoresistive force sensing

2.3.3.1.2 Thin film pressure sensors

2.3.3.2 Technology and Components

2.3.3.2.1 Materials

2.3.3.2.2 Piezoelectric polymers

2.3.3.2.3 Temperature sensing and Remote Patient Monitoring (RPM) integration

2.3.3.2.4 Wearable force and pressure sensors

2.3.4 Strain Sensors

2.3.4.1 Overview

2.3.4.2 Technology and Components

2.3.4.3 Applications

2.3.4.3.1 Healthcare

2.3.4.3.2 Wearable Strain Sensors

2.3.4.3.3 Temperature Sensors

2.3.5 Chemical Sensors

2.3.5.1 Overview

2.3.5.2 Optical Chemical Sensors

2.3.5.3 Technology and Components

2.3.5.3.1 Continuous Glucose Monitoring

2.3.5.3.2 Commercial CGM systems

2.3.5.4 Applications

2.3.5.4.1 Sweat-based glucose monitoring

2.3.5.4.2 Tear glucose measurement

2.3.5.4.3 Salivary glucose monitoring

2.3.5.4.4 Breath analysis for glucose monitoring

2.3.5.4.5 Urine glucose monitoring

2.3.6 Biosensors

2.3.6.1 Overview

2.3.6.2 Applications

2.3.6.2.1 Wearable Alcohol Sensors

2.3.6.2.2 Wearable Lactate Sensors

2.3.6.2.3 Wearable Hydration Sensors

2.3.6.2.4 Smart diaper technology

2.3.6.2.5 Ultrasound technology

2.3.6.2.6 Microneedle technology for continuous fluid sampling

2.3.7 Quantum Sensors

2.3.7.1 Magnetometry

2.3.7.2 Tunneling magnetoresistance sensors

2.3.7.3 Chip-scale atomic clocks

2.3.8 Wearable Electrodes

2.3.8.1 Overview

2.3.8.2 Applications

2.3.8.2.1 Skin Patches and E-textiles

2.3.8.3 Technology and Components

2.3.8.3.1 Electrode Selection

2.3.8.3.2 E-textiles

2.3.8.3.3 Microneedle electrodes

2.3.8.3.4 Electronic Skins

2.3.8.4 Applications

2.3.8.4.1 Electrocardiogram (ECG) wearable electrodes

2.3.8.4.2 Electroencephalography (EEG) wearable electrodes represent

2.3.8.4.3 Electromyography (EMG) wearable electrodes

2.3.8.4.4 Bioimpedance wearable electrodes

3 MANUFACTURING METHODS

3.1 Comparative analysis

3.2 Printed electronics

3.2.1 Technology description

3.2.2 SWOT analysis

3.3 3D electronics

3.3.1 Technology description

3.3.2 SWOT analysis

3.4 Analogue printing

3.4.1 Technology description

3.4.2 SWOT analysis

3.5 Digital printing

3.5.1 Technology description

3.5.2 SWOT analysis

3.6 In-mold electronics (IME)

3.6.1 Technology description

3.6.2 SWOT analysis

3.7 Roll-to-roll (R2R)

3.7.1 Technology description

3.7.2 SWOT analysis

4 MATERIALS AND COMPONENTS

4.1 Component attachment materials

4.1.1 Conductive adhesives

4.1.2 Biodegradable adhesives

4.1.3 Magnets

4.1.4 Bio-based solders

4.1.5 Bio-derived solders

4.1.6 Recycled plastics

4.1.7 Nano adhesives

4.1.8 Shape memory polymers

4.1.9 Photo-reversible polymers

4.1.10 Conductive biopolymers

4.1.11 Traditional thermal processing methods

4.1.12 Low temperature solder

4.1.13 Reflow soldering

4.1.14 Induction soldering

4.1.15 UV curing

4.1.16 Near-infrared (NIR) radiation curing

4.1.17 Photonic sintering/curing

4.1.18 Hybrid integration

4.2 Conductive inks

4.2.1 Metal-based conductive inks

4.2.2 Nanoparticle inks

4.2.3 Silver inks

4.2.4 Particle-Free conductive ink

4.2.5 Copper inks

4.2.6 Gold (Au) ink

4.2.7 Conductive polymer inks

4.2.8 Liquid metals

4.2.9 Companies

4.3 Printable semiconductors

4.3.1 Technology overview

4.3.2 Advantages and disadvantages

4.3.3 SWOT analysis

4.4 Printable sensing materials

4.4.1 Overview

4.4.2 Types

4.4.3 SWOT analysis

4.5 Flexible Substrates

4.5.1 Flexible plastic substrates

4.5.1.1 Types of materials

4.5.1.2 Flexible (bio) polyimide PCBs

4.5.2 Paper substrates

4.5.2.1 Overview

4.5.3 Glass substrates

4.5.3.1 Overview

4.5.4 Textile substrates

4.6 Flexible ICs

4.6.1 Description

4.6.2 Flexible metal oxide ICs

4.6.3 Comparison of flexible integrated circuit technologies

4.6.4 SWOT analysis

4.7 Printed PCBs

4.7.1 Description

4.7.2 High-Speed PCBs

4.7.3 Flexible PCBs

4.7.4 3D Printed PCBs

4.7.5 Sustainable PCBs

4.8 Thin film batteries

4.8.1 Technology description

4.8.2 SWOT analysis

4.9 Energy harvesting

4.9.1 Approaches

4.9.2 Perovskite photovoltaics

4.9.3 Applications

4.9.4 SWOT analysis

5 CONSUMER ELECTRONICS WEARABLE TECHNOLOGY

5.1 Market drivers and trends

5.2 Wearable sensors

5.2.1 Types

5.2.2 Wearable sensor technologies

5.2.3 Opportunities

5.2.4 Consumer acceptance

5.2.5 Healthcare

5.2.6 Trends

5.3 Wearable actuators

5.3.1 Applications

5.3.2 Types

5.3.3 Electrical stimulation technologies

5.3.4 Regulations

5.3.5 Batteries

5.3.6 Wireless communication technologies

5.4 Recent market developments

5.5 Wrist-worn wearables

5.5.1 Overview

5.5.2 Recent developments and future outlook

5.5.3 Wrist-worn sensing technologies

5.5.4 Activity tracking

5.5.5 Advanced biometric sensing

5.5.5.1 Blood oxygen and respiration rate

5.5.5.2 Established sensor hardware

5.5.5.3 Blood Pressure

5.5.5.4 Spectroscopic technologies

5.5.5.5 Non-Invasive Glucose Monitoring

5.5.5.6 Minimally invasive glucose monitoring

5.5.6 Wrist-worn communication technologies

5.5.7 Luxury and traditional watch industry

5.5.8 Smart-strap technologies

5.5.9 Driver monitoring technologies

5.5.10 Sports-watches, smart-watches and fitness trackers

5.5.10.1 Sensing

5.5.10.2 Actuating

5.5.10.3 SWOT analysis

5.5.11 Health monitoring

5.5.12 Energy harvesting for powering smartwatches

5.5.13 Main producers and products

5.6 Sports and fitness

5.6.1 Overview

5.6.2 Wearable devices and apparel

5.6.3 Skin patches

5.6.4 Products

5.7 Hearables

5.7.1 Hearing assistance technologies

5.7.1.1 Products

5.7.2 Technology advancements

5.7.3 Assistive Hearables

5.7.3.1 Biometric Monitoring

5.7.4 SWOT analysis

5.7.5 Health & Fitness Hearables

5.7.6 Multimedia Hearables

5.7.7 Artificial Intelligence (AI)

5.7.8 Biometric Monitoring

5.7.8.1 Sensors

5.7.8.2 Heart Rate Monitoring in Sports Headphones

5.7.8.3 Integration into hearing assistance

5.7.8.4 Advanced Sensing Technologies

5.7.8.5 Blood pressure hearables

5.7.8.6 Sleep monitoring market

5.7.9 Companies and products

5.8 Sleep trackers and wearable monitors

5.8.1 Built in function in smart watches and fitness trackers

5.8.2 Smart rings

5.8.3 Headbands

5.8.4 Sleep monitoring devices

5.8.4.1 Companies and products

5.9 Pet and animal wearables

5.10 Military wearables

5.11 Industrial and workplace monitoring

5.11.1 Products

5.12 Global market forecasts

5.12.1 Volume

5.12.2 Revenues

5.13 Market challenges

5.14 Company profiles 320 (123 company profiles)

6 MEDICAL AND HEALTHCARE WEARABLE TECHNOLOGY

6.1 Market drivers

6.2 Current state of the art

6.2.1 Wearables for Digital Health

6.2.2 Wearable medical device products

6.2.3 Temperature and respiratory rate monitoring

6.3 Wearable and health monitoring and rehabilitation

6.3.1 Market overview

6.3.2 Companies and products

6.4 Electronic skin patches

6.4.1 Electrochemical biosensors

6.4.2 Printed pH sensors

6.4.3 Printed batteries

6.4.4 Materials

6.4.4.1 Summary of advanced materials

6.4.5 Temperature and respiratory rate monitoring

6.4.5.1 Market overview

6.4.5.2 Companies and products

6.4.6 Continuous glucose monitoring (CGM)

6.4.6.1 Market overview

6.4.7 Minimally-invasive CGM sensors

6.4.7.1 Technologies

6.4.8 Non-invasive CGM sensors

6.4.8.1 Commercial devices

6.4.8.2 Companies and products

6.4.9 Cardiovascular monitoring

6.4.9.1 Market overview

6.4.9.2 ECG sensors

6.4.9.2.1 Companies and products

6.4.9.3 PPG sensors

6.4.9.3.1 Companies and products

6.4.10 Pregnancy and newborn monitoring

6.4.10.1 Market overview

6.4.10.2 Companies and products

6.4.11 Hydration sensors

6.4.11.1 Market overview

6.4.11.2 Companies and products

6.4.12 Wearable sweat sensors (medical and sports)

6.4.12.1 Market overview

6.4.12.2 Companies and products

6.5 Wearable drug delivery

6.5.1 Companies and products

6.6 Cosmetics patches

6.6.1 Companies and products

6.7 Femtech devices

6.7.1 Companies and products

6.8 Smart footwear for health monitoring

6.8.1 Companies and products

6.9 Smart contact lenses and smart glasses for visually impaired

6.9.1 Companies and products

6.10 Smart woundcare

6.10.1 Companies and products

6.11 Smart diapers

6.11.1 Companies and products

6.12 Wearable robotics-exo-skeletons, bionic prostheses, exo-suits, and body worn collaborative robots

6.12.1 Companies and products

6.13 Global market forecasts

6.13.1 Volume

6.13.2 Revenues

6.14 Market challenges

6.15 Company profiles 477 (331 company profiles)

7 GAMING AND ENTERTAINMENT WEARABLE TECHNOLOGY (VR/AR/MR)

7.1 Introduction

7.2 Classification of VR, AR, MR, and XR

7.2.1 XR controllers and sensing systems

7.2.2 XR positional and motion tracking systems

7.2.3 Wearable technology for XR

7.2.4 Wearable Gesture Sensors for XR

7.2.5 Edge Sensing and AI

7.2.6 VR Technology

7.2.6.1 Overview

7.2.6.2 VR Headset Types

7.2.6.3 Future outlook for VR technology

7.2.6.4 VR Lens Technology

7.2.6.5 VR challenges

7.2.6.6 Market growth

7.2.7 AR Technology

7.2.7.1 Overview

7.2.7.2 AR and MR distinction

7.2.7.3 AR for Assistive Technology

7.2.7.4 Consumer AR market

7.2.7.5 Optics Technology for AR and VR

7.2.7.5.1 Optical Combiners

7.2.7.6 AR display technology

7.2.7.7 Challenges

7.2.8 Metaverse

7.2.9 Mixed Reality (MR) smart glasses

7.2.10 OLED microdisplays

7.2.10.1 MiniLED

7.2.10.1.1 High dynamic range miniLED displays

7.2.10.1.2 Quantum dot films for miniLED displays

7.2.10.2 MicroLED

7.2.10.2.1 Integration

7.2.10.2.2 Transfer technologies

7.2.10.2.3 MicroLED display specifications

7.2.10.2.4 Advantages

7.2.10.2.5 Transparency

7.2.10.2.6 Costs

7.2.10.2.7 MicroLED contact lenses

7.2.10.2.8 Products

7.2.10.2.9 VR and AR MicroLEDs

7.3 Global market forecasts

7.3.1 Volume

7.3.2 Revenues

7.4 Company profiles 730 (96 company profiles)

8 ELECTRONIC TEXTILES (E-TEXTILES) AND SMART APPAREL

8.1 Macro-trends

8.2 Market drivers

8.3 SWOT analysis

8.4 Performance requirements for E-textiles

8.5 Growth prospects for electronic textiles

8.6 Textiles in the Internet of Things

8.7 Types of E-Textile products

8.7.1 Embedded e-textiles

8.7.2 Laminated e-textiles

8.8 Materials and components

8.8.1 Integrating electronics for E-Textiles

8.8.1.1 Textile-adapted

8.8.1.2 Textile-integrated

8.8.1.3 Textile-based

8.8.2 Manufacturing of E-textiles

8.8.2.1 Integration of conductive polymers and inks

8.8.2.2 Integration of conductive yarns and conductive filament fibers

8.8.2.3 Integration of conductive sheets

8.8.3 Flexible and stretchable electronics

8.8.4 E-textiles materials and components

8.8.4.1 Conductive and stretchable fibers and yarns

8.8.4.1.1 Production

8.8.4.1.2 Metals

8.8.4.1.3 Carbon materials and nanofibers

8.8.4.1.3.1 Graphene

8.8.4.1.3.2 Carbon nanotubes

8.8.4.1.3.3 Nanofibers

8.8.4.2 Mxenes

8.8.4.3 Hexagonal boron-nitride (h-BN)/Bboron nitride nanosheets (BNNSs)

8.8.4.4 Conductive polymers

8.8.4.4.1 PDMS

8.8.4.4.2 PEDOT: PSS

8.8.4.4.3 Polypyrrole (PPy)

8.8.4.4.4 Conductive polymer composites

8.8.4.4.5 Ionic conductive polymers

8.8.4.5 Conductive inks

8.8.4.5.1 Aqueous-Based Ink

8.8.4.5.2 Solvent-Based Ink

8.8.4.5.3 Oil-Based Ink

8.8.4.5.4 Hot-Melt Ink

8.8.4.5.5 UV-Curable Ink

8.8.4.5.6 Metal-based conductive inks

8.8.4.5.6.1 Nanoparticle ink

8.8.4.5.6.2 Silver inks

8.8.4.5.6.2.1 Silver flake

8.8.4.5.6.2.2 Silver nanoparticle ink

8.8.4.5.6.2.3 Formulation

8.8.4.5.6.2.4 Conductivity

8.8.4.5.6.2.5 Particle-Free silver conductive ink

8.8.4.5.6.3 Copper inks

8.8.4.5.6.3.1 Properties

8.8.4.5.6.3.2 Silver-coated copper

8.8.4.5.6.4 Gold (Au) ink

8.8.4.5.6.4.1 Properties

8.8.4.5.7 Carbon-based conductive inks

8.8.4.5.7.1 Carbon nanotubes

8.8.4.5.7.2 Single-walled carbon nanotubes

8.8.4.5.7.3 Graphene

8.8.4.5.8 Liquid metals

8.8.4.5.8.1 Properties

8.8.4.6 Electronic filaments

8.8.4.7 Phase change materials

8.8.4.7.1 Temperature controlled fabrics

8.8.4.8 Shape memory materials

8.8.4.9 Metal halide perovskites

8.8.4.10 Nanocoatings in smart textiles

8.8.4.11 3D printing

8.8.4.11.1 Fused Deposition Modeling (FDM)

8.8.4.11.2 Selective Laser Sintering (SLS)

8.8.4.11.3 Products

8.8.5 E-textiles components

8.8.5.1 Sensors and actuators

8.8.5.1.1 Physiological sensors

8.8.5.1.2 Environmental sensors

8.8.5.1.3 Pressure sensors

8.8.5.1.3.1 Flexible capacitive sensors

8.8.5.1.3.2 Flexible piezoresistive sensors

8.8.5.1.3.3 Flexible piezoelectric sensors

8.8.5.1.4 Activity sensors

8.8.5.1.5 Strain sensors

8.8.5.1.5.1 Resistive sensors

8.8.5.1.5.2 Capacitive strain sensors

8.8.5.1.6 Temperature sensors

8.8.5.1.7 Inertial measurement units (IMUs)

8.8.5.2 Electrodes

8.8.5.3 Connectors

8.9 Applications, markets and products

8.9.1 Current E-textiles and smart clothing products

8.9.2 Temperature monitoring and regulation

8.9.2.1 Heated clothing

8.9.2.2 Heated gloves

8.9.2.3 Heated insoles

8.9.2.4 Heated jacket and clothing products

8.9.2.5 Materials used in flexible heaters and applications

8.9.3 Stretchable E-fabrics

8.9.4 Therapeutic products

8.9.5 Sport & fitness

8.9.5.1 Products

8.9.6 Smart footwear

8.9.6.1 Companies and products

8.9.7 Wearable displays

8.9.8 Military

8.9.9 Textile-based lighting

8.9.9.1 OLEDs

8.9.10 Smart gloves

8.9.11 Powering E-textiles

8.9.11.1 Advantages and disadvantages of main battery types for E-textiles

8.9.11.2 Bio-batteries

8.9.11.3 Challenges for battery integration in smart textiles

8.9.11.4 Textile supercapacitors

8.9.11.5 Energy harvesting

8.9.11.5.1 Photovoltaic solar textiles

8.9.11.5.2 Energy harvesting nanogenerators

8.9.11.5.2.1 TENGs

8.9.11.5.2.2 PENGs

8.9.11.5.3 Radio frequency (RF) energy harvesting

8.9.12 Motion capture for AR/VR

8.10 Global market forecasts

8.10.1 Volume

8.10.2 Revenues

8.11 Market challenges

8.12 Company profiles 904 (152 company profiles)

9 ENERGY STORAGE AND HARVESTING FOR WEARABLE TECHNOLOGY

9.1 Macro-trends

9.2 Market drivers

9.3 SWOT analysis

9.4 Battery Development

9.4.1 Enhanced Energy Density and Performance

9.4.2 Stretchable Batteries

9.4.3 Textile-Based Batteries

9.4.4 Printable Batteries

9.4.5 Sustainable and Biodegradable Batteries

9.4.6 Self-Healing Batteries

9.4.7 Solid-State Flexible Batteries

9.4.8 Integration with Energy Harvesting

9.4.9 Nanostructured Materials

9.4.10 Thin-Film Battery Technologies

9.5 Applications of printed and flexible electronics

9.6 Flexible and stretchable batteries for electronics

9.7 Approaches to flexibility

9.8 Flexible Battery Technologies

9.8.1 Thin-film Lithium-ion Batteries

9.8.1.1 Types of Flexible/stretchable LIBs

9.8.1.1.1 Flexible planar LiBs

9.8.1.1.2 Flexible Fiber LiBs

9.8.1.1.3 Flexible micro-LiBs

9.8.1.1.4 Stretchable lithium-ion batteries

9.8.1.1.5 Origami and kirigami lithium-ion batteries

9.8.1.2 Flexible Li/S batteries

9.8.1.3 Flexible lithium-manganese dioxide (Li–MnO2) batteries

9.8.2 Printed Batteries

9.8.2.1 Technical specifications

9.8.2.2 Components

9.8.2.3 Design

9.8.2.4 Key features

9.8.2.4.1 Printable current collectors

9.8.2.4.2 Printable electrodes

9.8.2.4.3 Materials

9.8.2.4.4 Applications

9.8.2.4.5 Printing techniques

9.8.2.4.6 Lithium-ion (LIB) printed batteries

9.8.2.4.7 Zinc-based printed batteries

9.8.2.4.8 3D Printed batteries

9.8.2.5 3D Printing techniques for battery manufacturing

9.8.2.5.1.1 Materials for 3D printed batteries

9.8.3 Thin-Film Solid-state Batteries

9.8.3.1 Solid-state electrolytes

9.8.3.2 Features and advantages

9.8.3.3 Technical specifications

9.8.3.4 Microbatteries

9.8.3.4.1 Introduction

9.8.3.4.2 3D designs

9.8.4 Stretchable Batteries

9.8.5 Other Emerging Technologies

9.8.5.1 Metal-sulfur batteries

9.8.5.2 Flexible zinc-based batteries

9.8.5.3 Flexible silver–zinc (Ag–Zn) batteries

9.8.5.4 Flexible Zn–Air batteries

9.8.5.5 Flexible zinc-vanadium batteries

9.8.5.6 Fiber-shaped batteries

9.8.5.6.1 Carbon nanotubes

9.8.5.6.2 Applications

9.8.5.6.3 Challenges

9.8.5.7 Transparent batteries

9.8.5.7.1 Components

9.8.5.8 Degradable batteries

9.8.5.8.1 Components

9.8.5.9 Fiber-shaped batteries

9.8.5.9.1 Carbon nanotubes

9.8.5.9.2 Types

9.8.5.9.3 Applications

9.8.5.9.4 Challenges

9.9 Key Components of Flexible Batteries

9.9.1 Electrodes

9.9.1.1 Cable-type batteries

9.9.1.2 Batteries-on-wire

9.9.2 Electrolytes

9.9.3 Separators

9.9.4 Current Collectors

9.9.4.1 Carbon Materials for Current Collectors in Flexible Batteries

9.9.5 Packaging

9.9.5.1 Lithium-Polymer Pouch Cells

9.9.5.2 Flexible Pouch Cells

9.9.5.3 Encapsulation Materials

9.9.6 Other Manufacturing Techniques

9.10 Performance Metrics and Characteristics

9.10.1 Energy Density

9.10.2 Power Density

9.10.3 Cycle Life

9.10.4 Flexibility and Bendability

9.11 Printed supercapacitors

9.11.1 Electrode materials

9.11.2 Electrolytes

9.12 Photovoltaics

9.12.1 Conductive pastes

9.12.2 Organic photovoltaics (OPV)

9.12.3 Perovskite PV

9.12.4 Flexible and stretchable photovoltaics

9.12.4.1 Companies

9.12.5 Photovoltaic solar textiles

9.12.6 Solar tape

9.12.7 Origami-like solar cells

9.12.8 Spray-on and stick-on perovskite photovoltaics

9.12.9 Photovoltaic solar textiles

9.13 Transparent and flexible heaters

9.13.1 Technology overview

9.13.2 Applications

9.13.2.1 Automotive Industry

9.13.2.1.1 Defrosting and Defogging Systems

9.13.2.1.2 Heated Windshields and Mirrors

9.13.2.1.3 Touch Panels and Displays

9.13.2.2 Aerospace and Aviation

9.13.2.2.1 Aircraft Windows and Canopies

9.13.2.2.2 Sensor and Camera Housings

9.13.2.3 Consumer Electronics

9.13.2.3.1 Smartphones and Tablets

9.13.2.3.2 Wearable Devices

9.13.2.3.3 Smart Home Appliances

9.13.2.4 Building and Architecture

9.13.2.4.1 Smart Windows

9.13.2.4.2 Heated Glass Facades

9.13.2.4.3 Greenhouse and Skylight Applications

9.13.2.5 Medical and Healthcare

9.13.2.5.1 Incubators and Warming Beds

9.13.2.5.2 Surgical Microscopes and Endoscopes

9.13.2.5.3 Medical Imaging Equipment

9.13.2.6 Display Technologies

9.13.2.6.1 LCD Displays

9.13.2.6.2 OLED Displays

9.13.2.6.3 Flexible and Transparent Displays

9.13.2.7 Energy Systems

9.13.2.7.1 Solar Panels (De-icing and Efficiency Enhancement)

9.13.2.7.2 Fuel Cells

9.13.2.7.3 Battery Systems

9.14 Thermoelectric energy harvesting

9.15 Market challenges

9.16 Global market forecasts

9.16.1 Volume

9.16.2 Revenues

9.17 Companies 1123 (60 company profiles)

10 RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

11 REFERENCES

List of Tables

Table 1. Types of wearable devices and applications.

Table 2. Types of wearable devices and the data collected.

Table 3. Main Wearable Device Companies by Shipment Volume, Market Share, and Year-Over-Year Growth, (million units).

Table 4. New wearable tech products 2022-2024.

Table 5. Wearable market leaders by market segment.

Table 6. Applications in printed, flexible and stretchable electronics, by advanced materials type and benefits thereof.

Table 7. Advanced materials for Printed, flexible and stretchable sensors and Electronics-Advantages and disadvantages.

Table 8. Sheet resistance (RS) and transparency (T) values for transparent conductive oxides and alternative materials for transparent conductive electrodes (TCE).

Table 9. Wearable electronics at CES 2021-2024.

Table 10. Wearables Investment funding and buy-outs 2019-2024.

Table 11. Comparative analysis of conventional and flexible hybrid electronics.

Table 12. Materials, components, and manufacturing methods for FHE

Table 13. Research and commercial activity in FHE.

Table 14. Value proposition of wearable sensors versus non wearable alternatives.

Table 15. Overview of Wearable Sensor Types.

Table 16. Market Drivers in the Wearable Sensor Market.

Table 17. Markets for Wearable Sensors.

Table 18. Wearable Electronic Form Factors.

Table 19. Trends in Wearable Sensor Innovations by Form-Factor:

Table 20. Applications and Opportunities for TMRs in Wearables.

Table 21. Wearable Motion Sensors Applications.

Table 22. Applications of Photoplethysmography (PPG).

Table 23. Wearable Brands in Cardiovascular Clinical Research.

Table 24. Technologies for Cuff-less Blood Pressure.

Table 25. Market outlook for Wearable Blood Pressure Devices.

Table 26. Non-invasive glucose monitoring.

Table 27. fNIRS Companies.

Table 28. Comparing fNIRS to Other Non-invasive Brain Imaging Methods.

Table 29. Thin Film Pressure Sensor Architectures.

Table 30. Applications of Printed Force Sensors.

Table 31. Companies in Printed Strain Sensors.

Table 32. Types of Temperature Sensor.

Table 33. Technology Readiness Level for strain sensors.

Table 34. Commercial CGM Devices.

Table 35. Applications of Wearable Chemical Sensors.

Table 36. Market Outlook of Wearable Sensors for Novel Biometrics.

Table 37. Applications of Wearable OPMs – MEG.

Table 38. Applications and Market Opportunities for TMRs.

Table 39. Wearable Electrode Types.

Table 40. Applications of wearable electrodes.

Table 41. Printed Electrodes for Skin Patches and E-textiles.

Table 42. Companies in Wearable Electrodes.

Table 43. Materials and Manufacturing Approaches for Electronic Skins.

Table 44. Wearable electrodes Applications.

Table 45. Manufacturing Methods for Wearable Electronics.

Table 46. Manufacturing methods for printed, flexible and hybrid electronics.

Table 47. Common printing methods used in printed electronics manufacturing in terms of resolution vs throughput.

Table 48. Manufacturing methods for 3D electronics.

Table 49. Readiness level of various additive manufacturing technologies for electronics applications.

Table 50. Fully 3D printed electronics process steps

Table 51. Manufacturing methods for Analogue manufacturing.

Table 52. Technological and commercial readiness level of analogue printing methods.

Table 53. Manufacturing methods for Digital printing

Table 54. Innovations in high resolution printing.

Table 55. Key manufacturing methods for creating smart surfaces with integrated electronics.

Table 56. IME manufacturing techniques.

Table 57. Applications of R2R electronics manufacturing.

Table 58. Technology readiness level for R2R manufacturing.

Table 59. Materials for wearable electronics and sensors.

Table 60. Comparison of component attachment materials.

Table 61. Comparison between sustainable and conventional component attachment materials for printed circuit boards

Table 62. Comparison between the SMAs and SMPs.

Table 63. Comparison of conductive biopolymers versus conventional materials for printed circuit board fabrication.

Table 64. Low temperature solder alloys.

Table 65. Thermally sensitive substrate materials.

Table 66. Typical conductive ink formulation.

Table 67. Comparative properties of conductive inks.

Table 68. Comparison of the electrical conductivities of liquid metal with typical conductive inks.

Table 69. Conductive ink producers.

Table 70. Technology readiness level of printed semiconductors.

Table 71. Organic semiconductors: Advantages and disadvantages.

Table 72. Market Drivers for printed/flexible sensors.

Table 73. Overview of specific printed/flexible sensor types.

Table 74. Properties of typical flexible substrates.

Table 75. Comparison of stretchable substrates.

Table 76. Main types of materials used as flexible plastic substrates in flexible electronics.

Table 77. Applications of flexible (bio) polyimide PCBs.

Table 78. Paper substrates: Advantages and disadvantages.

Table 79. Comparison of flexible integrated circuit technologies.

Table 80. PCB manufacturing process.

Table 81. Challenges in PCB manufacturing.

Table 82. 3D PCB manufacturing.

Table 83. Market drivers and trends in wearable electronics.

Table 84. Types of wearable sensors.

Table 85. Opportunities and challenges for the wearable technology industry.

Table 86. Drivers for Wearable Adoption and Innovation.

Table 87. Future Trends in Wearable Technology.

Table 88. Applications of Neuromuscular Electrical Stimulation (NMES) and Electrical Muscle Stimulation (EMS).

Table 89. Wearable batteries, displays and communication systems.

Table 90. Different sensing modalities that can be incorporated into wrist-worn wearable device.

Table 91. Overview of actuating at the wrist

Table 92. Key players in Wrist-Worn Technology.

Table 93. Wearable health monitors.

Table 94. Sports-watches, smart-watches and fitness trackers producers and products.

Table 95. Wearable sensors for sports performance.

Table 96. Wearable sensor products for monitoring sport performance.

Table 97. Product types in the hearing assistance technology market.

Table 98. Audio and Hearing Assistance for Hearables.

Table 99. Hearing Assistance Technologies.

Table 100. Hearing Assistance Technology Products.

Table 101. Sensing options in the ear.

Table 102. Sensing Options in the Ear.

Table 103. Advantages and Limitations for Blood Pressure Hearables.

Table 104. Companies and products in hearables.

Table 105. Example wearable sleep tracker products and prices.

Table 106. Smart ring products.

Table 107. Sleep headband products.

Table 108. Sleep Headband Wearables.

Table 109. Wearable electronics sleep monitoring products.

Table 110. Pet and animal wearable electronics & sensors companies and products.

Table 111. Wearable electronics applications in the military.

Table 112. Industrial Wearable Electronics Product Table

Table 113. Global market for wearable consumer electronics 2020-2035 by type (Millions Units).

Table 114. Global market revenues for wearable consumer electronics, 2018-2035, (millions USD).

Table 115. Market challenges in consumer wearable electronics.

Table 116. Market drivers for printed, flexible and stretchable medical and healthcare sensors and wearables.

Table 117. Examples of wearable medical device products.

Table 118. Medical wearable companies applying products to COVID-19 monitoring and analysis.

Table 119. Applications in flexible and stretchable health monitors, by advanced materials type and benefits thereof.

Table 120. Medical wearable companies applying products to temperate and respiratory monitoring and analysis.

Table 121. Technologies for minimally-invasive and non-invasive glucose detection-advantages and disadvantages.

Table 122. Commercial devices for non-invasive glucose monitoring not released or withdrawn from market.

Table 123. Minimally-invasive and non-invasive glucose monitoring products.

Table 124. ECG Patch Monitor and Clothing Products.

Table 125. PPG Wearable Electronics Companies and Products.

Table 126. Pregnancy and Newborn Monitoring Wearables.

Table 127. Companies developing wearable swear sensors.

Table 128. Wearable electronics drug delivery companies and products.

Table 129. Companies and products, cosmetics and drug delivery patches.

Table 130. Femtech Wearable Electronics.

Table 131. Companies developing femtech wearable technology.

Table 132. Companies and products in smart foowtear and insolves.

Table 133. Companies and products in smart contact lenses.

Table 134. Companies and products in smart wound care.

Table 135. Companies developing smart diaper products.

Table 136. Companies developing wearable robotics.

Table 137. Global Market for Wearable Medical & Healthcare Electronics 2020-2035 (Million Units).

Table 138. Global market for Wearable medical & healthcare electronics, 2020-2035, millions of US dollars.

Table 139. Market challenges in medical and healthcare sensors and wearables.

Table 140. VR and AR Headset Classification.

Table 141. Applications of VR and AR Technology.

Table 142. XR Headset OEM Comparison.

Table 143. Timeline of Modern VR.

Table 144. VR Headset Types.

Table 145. AR Outlook by Device Type

Table 146. AR Outlook by Computing Type.

Table 147. Augmented reality (AR) smart glass products.

Table 148. Mixed Reality (MR) smart glass products.

Table 149. Comparison between miniLED displays and other display types.

Table 150. Comparison of AR Display Light Engines.

Table 151. Comparison to conventional LEDs.

Table 152. Types of microLED.

Table 153. Summary of monolithic integration, monolithic hybrid integration (flip-chip/wafer bonding), and mass transfer technologies.

Table 154. Summary of different mass transfer technologies.

Table 155. Comparison to LCD and OLED.

Table 156. Schematic comparison to LCD and OLED.

Table 157. Commercially available microLED products and specifications.

Table 158. microLED-based display advantages and disadvantages.

Table 159. MicroLED based smart glass products.

Table 160. VR and AR MicroLED products.

Table 161. Global market for gaming and entertainment wearable technology, 2020-2035 (Million Units).

Table 162. Global market for gaming and entertainment wearable technology, 2020-2035, millions of US dollars.

Table 163. Macro-trends for electronic textiles.

Table 164. Market drivers for printed, flexible, stretchable and organic electronic textiles.

Table 165. Examples of smart textile products.

Table 166. Performance requirements for E-textiles.

Table 167. Commercially available smart clothing products.

Table 168. Types of smart textiles.

Table 169. Comparison of E-textile fabrication methods.

Table 170. Types of fabrics for the application of electronic textiles.

Table 171. Methods for integrating conductive compounds.

Table 172. Methods for integrating conductive yarn and conductive filament fiber.

Table 173. 1D electronic fibers including the conductive materials, fabrication strategies, electrical conductivity, stretchability, and applications.

Table 174. Conductive materials used in smart textiles, their electrical conductivity and percolation threshold.

Table 175. Metal coated fibers and their mechanisms.

Table 176. Applications of carbon nanomaterials and other nanomaterials in e-textiles.

Table 177. Applications and benefits of graphene in textiles and apparel.

Table 178. Properties of CNTs and comparable materials.

Table 179. Properties of hexagonal boron nitride (h-BN).

Table 180. Types of flexible conductive polymers, properties and applications.

Table 181. Typical conductive ink formulation.

Table 182. Comparative properties of conductive inks.

Table 183. Comparison of pros and cons of various types of conductive ink compositions.

Table 184: Properties of CNTs and comparable materials.

Table 185. Properties of graphene.

Table 186. Electrical conductivity of different types of graphene.

Table 187. Comparison of the electrical conductivities of liquid metal with typical conductive inks.

Table 188. Nanocoatings applied in the smart textiles industry-type of coating, nanomaterials utilized, benefits and applications.

Table 189. 3D printed shoes.

Table 190. Sensors used in electronic textiles.

Table 191. Features of flexible strain sensors with different structures.

Table 192. Features of resistive and capacitive strain sensors.

Table 193. Typical applications and markets for e-textiles.

Table 194. Commercially available E-textiles and smart clothing products.

Table 195. Example heated jacket products.

Table 196. Heated Gloves Products

Table 197. Heated Insoles Products

Table 198. Heated jacket and clothing products.

Table 199. Examples of materials used in flexible heaters and applications.

Table 200. Wearable Electronic Therapeutics Products.

Table 201. Smart Textiles/E-Textiles for Healthcare and Fitness.

Table 202. Example wearable sensor products for monitoring sport performance.

Table 203.Companies and products in smart footwear.

Table 204. Commercial Applications of Wearable Displays

Table 205. Applications of Wearable Displays.

Table 206. Wearable Electronics Applications in Military.

Table 207. Smart Gloves Companies and Products.

Table 208. Types of Power Supplies for Electronic Textiles.

Table 209. Advantages and disadvantages of batteries for E-textiles.

Table 210. Comparison of prototype batteries (flexible, textile, and other) in terms of area-specific performance.

Table 211. Advantages and disadvantages of photovoltaic, piezoelectric, triboelectric, and thermoelectric energy harvesting in of e-textiles.

Table 212. Teslasuit.

Table 213. Global market for printed and flexible E-textiles and smart apparel electronics, 2020-2035 (Million Units).

Table 214. Global market for printed and flexible E-textiles and smart apparel electronics, 2020-2035, millions of US dollars.

Table 215. Market and technical challenges for E-textiles and smart clothing.

Table 216. Macro-trends in energy vstorage and harvesting for wearables.

Table 217. Market drivers for Printed and flexible electronic energy storage, generation and harvesting.

Table 218. Energy applications for printed/flexible electronics.

Table 219. Comparison of Flexible and Traditional Lithium-Ion Batteries

Table 220. Material Choices for Flexible Battery Components.

Table 221. Flexible Li-ion battery products

Table 222. Thin film vs bulk solid-state batteries.

Table 223. Summary of fiber-shaped lithium-ion batteries.

Table 224. Main components and properties of different printed battery types.

Table 225, Types of printable current collectors and the materials commonly used.

Table 226. Applications of printed batteries and their physical and electrochemical requirements.

Table 227. 2D and 3D printing techniques.

Table 228. Printing techniques applied to printed batteries.

Table 229. Main components and corresponding electrochemical values of lithium-ion printed batteries.

Table 230. Printing technique, main components and corresponding electrochemical values of printed batteries based on Zn–MnO2 and other battery types.

Table 231. Main 3D Printing techniques for battery manufacturing.

Table 232. Electrode Materials for 3D Printed Batteries.

Table 233. Main Fabrication Techniques for Thin-Film Batteries.

Table 234. Types of solid-state electrolytes.

Table 235. Market segmentation and status for solid-state batteries.

Table 236. Typical process chains for manufacturing key components and assembly of solid-state batteries.

Table 237. Comparison between liquid and solid-state batteries.

Table 238. Types of fiber-shaped batteries.

Table 239. Components of transparent batteries.

Table 240. Components of degradable batteries.

Table 241. Types of fiber-shaped batteries.

Table 242. Organic vs. Inorganic Solid-State Electrolytes.

Table 243. Electrode designs in flexible lithium-ion batteries.

Table 244. Packaging Procedures for Pouch Cells.

Table 245. Performance Metrics and Characteristics for Printed and Flexible Batteries.

Table 246. Methods for printing supercapacitors.

Table 247. Electrode Materials for printed supercapacitors.

Table 248. Electrolytes for printed supercapacitors.

Table 249. Main properties and components of printed supercapacitors.

Table 250. Conductive pastes for photovoltaics.

Table 251. Companies commercializing thin film flexible photovoltaics.

Table 252. Examples of materials used in flexible heaters and applications.

Table 253. Transparent heaters for exterior lighting / sensors / windows.

Table 254. Types of transparent heaters for automotive exterior applications.

Table 255. Smart Window Applications of Transparent Heaters.

Table 256. Applications of Printed and Flexible Fuel Cells.

Table 257. Market challenges in printed and flexible electronics for energy.

Table 258. Global market for printed and flexible energy storage, generation and harvesting electronics, 2020-2035 by type (Volume).

Table 259. Global market for printed and flexible energy storage, generation and harvesting electronics, 2020-2035, millions of US dollars.

Table 260. 3DOM separator.

Table 261. Battery performance test specifications of J. Flex batteries.

List of Figures

Figure 1. Examples of flexible electronics devices.

Figure 2. Evolution of electronics.

Figure 3. Wearable technology inventions.

Figure 4. Market map for wearable electronics and sensors.

Figure 5. Wove Band.

Figure 6. Wearable graphene medical sensor.

Figure 7. Stretchable transistor.

Figure 8. Artificial skin prototype for gesture recognition.

Figure 9. Applications of wearable flexible sensors worn on various body parts.

Figure 10. Systemization of wearable electronic systems.

Figure 11. Baby Monitor.

Figure 12. Wearable health monitor incorporating graphene photodetectors.

Figure 13. LG 77” transparent 4K OLED TV.

Figure 14. 137-inch N1 foldable TV.

Figure 15. Flex Note Extendable™.

Figure 16. Flex In & Out Flip.

Figure 17. Traxcon printed lighting circuitry.

Figure 18. Global Sensor Market Roadmap.

Figure 19. Market Roadmap for Wrist-worn Wearables.

Figure 20. Market Roadmap for Smart Bands.

Figure 21. Market Roadmap for Smart Glasses.

Figure 22. Market Roadmap for Smart Clothing and Accessories.

Figure 23. Market Roadmap of Market Trends for Skin-Patches.

Figure 24. Market Roadmap for Smart Rings.

Figure 25.Market Roadmap for Hearables.

Figure 26. Market Roadmap for Head Mounted Wearables.

Figure 27. Roadmap for Wearable Optical Heart-rate Sensors.

Figure 28. SWOT analysis for printed electronics.

Figure 29. SWOT analysis for 3D electronics.

Figure 30. SWOT analysis for analogue printing.

Figure 31. SWOT analysis for digital printing.

Figure 32. In-mold electronics prototype devices and products.

Figure 33. SWOT analysis for In-Mold Electronics.

Figure 34. SWOT analysis for R2R manufacturing.

Figure 35. The molecular mechanism of the shape memory effect under different stimuli.

Figure 36. Supercooled Soldering™ Technology.

Figure 37. Reflow soldering schematic.

Figure 38. Schematic diagram of induction heating reflow.

Figure 39. Types of conductive inks and applications.

Figure 40. Copper based inks on flexible substrate.

Figure 41. SWOT analysis for Printable semiconductors.

Figure 42. SWOT analysis for Printable sensor materials.

Figure 43. RFID Tag with Nano Copper Antenna on Paper.

Figure 44. SWOT analysis for flexible integrated circuits.

Figure 45. Fully-printed organic thin-film transistors and circuitry on one-micron-thick polymer films.

Figure 46. Flexible PCB.

Figure 47. SWOT analysis for Flexible batteries.

Figure 48. SWOT analysis for Flexible PV for energy harvesting.

Figure 49. Roadmap of wearable sensor technology segmented by key biometrics.

Figure 50. Wearable Technology Roadmap, by function.

Figure 51. Actuator types.

Figure 52. EmeTerm nausea relief wearable.

Figure 53. Embr Wave for cooling and warming.

Figure 54. dpl Wrist Wrap Light THerapy pain relief.

Figure 55. Roadmap for Wrist-Worn Wearables.

Figure 56. SWOT analysis for Wrist-worn wearables.

Figure 57. FitBit Sense Watch.

Figure 58. Wearable bio-fluid monitoring system for monitoring of hydration.

Figure 59. Evolution of Ear-Worn Wearables.

Figure 60. Nuheara IQbuds² Max.

Figure 61. HP Hearing PRO OTC Hearing Aid.

Figure 62. SWOT analysis for Ear worn wearables (hearables).

Figure 63. Commercialization Timeline for Hearable Sensing Technologies.

Figure 64. Roadmap of Market Trends for Hearables.

Figure 65. Beddr SleepTuner.

Figure 66. Global market for wearable consumer electronics 2020-2035 by type (Volume).

Figure 67. Global market revenues for wearable consumer electronics, 2018-2035, (millions USD).

Figure 68. The Apollo wearable device.

Figure 69. Cyclops HMD.

Figure 70. C2Sense sensors.

Figure 71. Coachwhisperer device.

Figure 72. Cogwear headgear.

Figure 73. CardioWatch 287.

Figure 74. FRENZ™ Brainband.

Figure 75. NightOwl Home Sleep Apnea Test Device.

Figure 76. eQ02+LIfeMontor.

Figure 77. Cove wearable device.

Figure 78. German bionic exoskeleton.

Figure 79. UnlimitedHand.

Figure 80. Apex Exosuit.

Figure 81. Humanox Shin Guard.

Figure 82. Airvida E1.

Figure 83. Footrax.

Figure 84. eMacula®.

Figure 85. G2 Pro.

Figure 86. REFLEX.

Figure 87. Ring ZERO.

Figure 88. Mawi Heart Patch.

Figure 89. Ayo wearable light therapy.

Figure 90. Nowatch.

Figure 91. ORII smart ring.

Figure 92. Proxxi Voltage.

Figure 93. RealWear HMT-1.

Figure 94. Moonwalkers from Shift Robotics Inc.

Figure 95. SnowCookie device.

Figure 96. Soter device.

Figure 97. Feelzing Energy Patch.

Figure 98. Wiliot tags.

Figure 99. Connected human body and product examples.

Figure 100. Companies and products in wearable health monitoring and rehabilitation devices and products.

Figure 101. Smart e-skin system comprising health-monitoring sensors, displays, and ultra flexible PLEDs.

Figure 102. Graphene medical patch.

Figure 103. Graphene-based E-skin patch.

Figure 104. Enfucell wearable temperature tag.

Figure 105. TempTraQ wearable wireless thermometer.

Figure 106. Technologies for minimally-invasive and non-invasive glucose detection.

Figure 107. Schematic of non-invasive CGM sensor.

Figure 108. Adhesive wearable CGM sensor.

Figure 109. VitalPatch.

Figure 110. Wearable ECG-textile.

Figure 111. Wearable ECG recorder.

Figure 112. Nexkin™.

Figure 113. Bloomlife.

Figure 114. Nanowire skin hydration patch.

Figure 115. NIX sensors.

Figure 116. Wearable sweat sensor.

Figure 117. Wearable graphene sweat sensor.

Figure 118. Gatorade's GX Sweat Patch.

Figure 119. Sweat sensor incorporated into face mask.

Figure 120. D-mine Pump.

Figure 121. Lab-on-Skin™.

Figure 122. My UV Patch.

Figure 123. Overview layers of L'Oreal skin patch.

Figure 124. Brilliantly Warm.

Figure 125. Ava Fertility tracker.

Figure 126. S9 Pro breast pump.

Figure 127. Tempdrop.

Figure 128. Digitsole Smartshoe.

Figure 129. Schematic of smart wound dressing.

Figure 130. REPAIR electronic patch concept. Image courtesy of the University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine.

Figure 131. ABENA Nova smart diaper.

Figure 132. Honda Walking Assist.

Figure 133. ABLE Exoskeleton.

Figure 134. ANGEL-LEGS-M10.

Figure 135. AGADEXO Shoulder.

Figure 136. Enyware.

Figure 137. AWN-12 occupational powered hip exoskeleton.

Figure 138. CarrySuit passive upper-body exoskeleton.

Figure 139. Axosuit lower body medical exoskeleton.

Figure 140. FreeGait.

Figure 141. InMotion Arm.

Figure 142. Biomotum SPARK.

Figure 143. PowerWalk energy.

Figure 144. Keeogo™.

Figure 145. MATE-XT.

Figure 146. CDYS passive shoulder support exoskeleton.

Figure 147. ALDAK.

Figure 148. HAL® Lower Limb.

Figure 149. DARWING PA.

Figure 150. Dephy ExoBoot.

Figure 151. EksoNR.

Figure 152. Emovo Assist.

Figure 153. HAPO.

Figure 154. Atlas passive modular exoskeleton.

Figure 155. ExoAtlet II.

Figure 156. ExoHeaver.

Figure 157. Exy ONE.

Figure 158. ExoArm.

Figure 159. ExoMotus.

Figure 160. Gloreha Sinfonia.

Figure 161. BELK Knee Exoskeleton.

Figure 162. Apex exosuit.

Figure 163. Honda Walking Assist.

Figure 164. BionicBack.

Figure 165. Muscle Suit.

Figure 166.Japet.W powered exoskeleton.

Figure 167.Ski~Mojo.

Figure 168. AIRFRAME passive shoulder.

Figure 169.FORTIS passive tool holding exoskeleton.

Figure 170. Integrated Soldier Exoskeleton (UPRISE®).

Figure 171.UNILEXA passive exoskeleton.

Figure 172.HandTutor.

Figure 173.MyoPro®.

Figure 174.Myosuit.

Figure 175. archelis wearable chair.

Figure 176.Chairless Chair.

Figure 177.Indego.

Figure 178. Polyspine.

Figure 179. Hercule powered lower body exoskeleton.

Figure 180. ReStore Soft Exo-Suit.

Figure 181. Hand of Hope.

Figure 182. REX powered exoskeleton.

Figure 183. Elevate Ski Exoskeleton.

Figure 184. UGO210 exoskeleton.

Figure 185. EsoGLOVE Pro.

Figure 186. Roki.

Figure 187. Powered Clothing.

Figure 188. Againer shock absorbing exoskeleton.

Figure 189. EasyWalk Assistive Soft Exoskeleton Walker.

Figure 190. Skel-Ex.

Figure 191. EXO-H3 lower limbs robotic exoskeleton.

Figure 192. Ikan Tilta Max Armor-Man 2

Figure 193. AMADEO hand and finger robotic rehabilitation device.

Figure 194.Atalante autonomous lower-body exoskeleton.

Figure 195. Global Market for Wearable Medical & Healthcare Electronics 2020-2035 (Million Units).

Figure 196. Global market for Wearable medical & healthcare electronics, 2020-2035, millions of US dollars.

Figure 197. Libre 3.

Figure 198. Libre Sense Glucose Sport Biowearable.

Figure 199. AcuPebble SA100.

Figure 200. Vitalgram®.

Figure 201. Alertgy NICGM wristband.

Figure 202. ALLEVX.

Figure 203. Gastric Alimetry.

Figure 204. Alva Health stroke monitor.

Figure 205. amofit S.

Figure 206. MIT and Amorepacific's chip-free skin sensor.

Figure 207. Sigi™ Insulin Management System.

Figure 208. The Apollo wearable device.

Figure 209. Apos3.

Figure 210. Artemis is smart clothing system.

Figure 211. KneeStim.

Figure 212. PaciBreath.

Figure 213. Structure of Azalea Vision’s smart contact lens.

Figure 214. Belun® Ring.

Figure 215. Neuronaute wearable.

Figure 216. biped.ai device.

Figure 217. circul+ smart ring.

Figure 218. Cala Trio.

Figure 219. BioSleeve®.

Figure 220. Cognito's gamma stimulation device.

Figure 221. Cogwear Headband.

Figure 222. First Relief.

Figure 223. Jewel Patch Wearable Cardioverter Defibrillator .

Figure 224. enFuse.

Figure 225. EOPatch.

Figure 226. Epilog.

Figure 227. FloPatch.

Figure 228. Hinge Health wearable therapy devices.

Figure 229. MYSA - 'Relax Shirt'.

Figure 230. Atusa system.

Figure 231. Kenzen ECHO Smart Patch.

Figure 232. The Kernel Flow headset.

Figure 233. KnowU™.

Figure 234. LifeSpan patch.

Figure 235. Mawi Heart Patch.

Figure 236. WalkAid.

Figure 237. Monarch™ Wireless Wearable Biosensor

Figure 238. Modoo device.

Figure 239. Munevo Drive.

Figure 240. Electroskin integration schematic.

Figure 241. Modius Sleep wearable device.

Figure 242. Neuphony Headband.

Figure 243. Nix Biosensors patch.

Figure 244. Otolith wearable device.

Figure 245. Peerbridge Cor.

Figure 246. Point Fit Technology skin patch.

Figure 247. Sylvee 1.0.

Figure 248. RootiRx.

Figure 249. Sylvee 1.0.

Figure 250. Silvertree Reach.

Figure 251. Smardii smart diaper.

Figure 252. Subcuject.

Figure 253. Nerivio.

Figure 254. Feelzing Energy Patch.

Figure 255. Ultrahuman wearable glucose monitor.

Figure 256. Vaxxas patch.

Figure 257. S-Patch Ex.

Figure 258. Zeit Medical Wearable Headband.

Figure 259. Evolution of Smart Eyewear.

Figure 260. Engo Eyewear.

Figure 261. Lenovo ThinkReality A3.

Figure 262. Magic Leap 1.

Figure 263. Microsoft HoloLens 2.

Figure 264. OPPO Air Glass AR.

Figure 265. Snap Spectacles AR (4th gen).

Figure 266. Vuzix Blade Upgraded.

Figure 267. NReal Light MR smart glasses.

Figure 268. Schematic for configuration of full colour microLED display

Figure 269. BOE glass-based backplane process.

Figure 270. MSI curved quantum dot miniLED display.

Figure 271. Nanolumi Chameleon® G Film in LED/LCD Monitor.

Figure 272. Vuzix microLED microdisplay Smart Glasses.

Figure 273. Pixels per inch roadmap of µ-LED displays from 2007 to 2019.

Figure 274. Mass transfer for µLED chips.

Figure 275. Schematic diagram of mass transfer technologies.

Figure 276. Comparison of microLED with other display technologies.

Figure 277. Lextar 10.6 inch transparent microLED display.

Figure 278. Transition to borderless design.

Figure 279. Mojo Vision smart contact lens with an embedded MicroLED display.

Figure 280. Global market for gaming and entertainment wearable technology, 2020-2035 (Million Units).

Figure 281. Global market for gaming and entertainment wearable technology, 2020-2035, millions of US dollars.

Figure 282. Skinetic vest.

Figure 283. IntelliPix™ design for 0.26″ 1080p microLED display.

Figure 284. Dapeng DPVR P1 Pro 4k VR all-in-one VR glasses.

Figure 285. Vive Focus 3 VR headset Wrist Tracker.

Figure 286. Huawei smart glasses.

Figure 287. Jade Bird Display micro displays.

Figure 288. JBD's 0.13-inch panel.

Figure 289. 0.22” Monolithic full colour microLED panel and inset shows a conceptual monolithic polychrome projector with a waveguide.

Figure 290. Kura Technologies' AR Glasses.

Figure 291. Smart contact lenses schematic.

Figure 292. OQmented technology for AR smart glasses.

Figure 293. VISIRIUM® Technology smart glasses prototype.

Figure 294. SenseGlove Nova.

Figure 295. MeganeX.

Figure 296. A micro-display with a stacked-RGB pixel array, where each pixel is an RGB-emitting stacked microLED device (left). The micro-display showing a video of fireworks at night, demonstrating the full-colour capability (right). N.B. Areas around the display

Figure 297. JioGlass mixed reality glasses type headset.

Figure 298. Vuzix uLED display engine.

Figure 299. Xiaomi Smart Glasses.

Figure 300. SWOT analysis for printed, flexible and hybrid electronics in E-textiles.

Figure 301. Timeline of the different generations of electronic textiles.

Figure 302. Examples of each generation of electronic textiles.

Figure 303. Conductive yarns.

Figure 304. Electronics integration in textiles: (a) textile-adapted, (b) textile-integrated (c) textile-basd.

Figure 305. Stretchable polymer encapsulation microelectronics on textiles.

Figure 306. Wove Band.

Figure 307. Wearable graphene medical sensor.

Figure 308. Conductive yarns.

Figure 309. Classification of conductive materials and process technology.

Figure 310. Structure diagram of Ti3C2Tx.

Figure 311. Structure of hexagonal boron nitride.

Figure 312. BN nanosheet textiles application.

Figure 313. SEM image of cotton fibers with PEDOT:PSS coating.

Figure 314. Schematic of inkjet-printed processes.

Figure 315: Silver nanocomposite ink after sintering and resin bonding of discrete electronic components.

Figure 316. Schematic summary of the formulation of silver conductive inks.

Figure 317. Copper based inks on flexible substrate.

Figure 318: Schematic of single-walled carbon nanotube.

Figure 319. Stretchable SWNT memory and logic devices for wearable electronics.

Figure 320. Graphene layer structure schematic.

Figure 321. BGT Materials graphene ink product.

Figure 322. PCM cooling vest.

Figure 323. SMPU-treated cotton fabrics.

Figure 324. Schematics of DIAPLEX membrane.

Figure 325. SMP energy storage textiles.

Figure 326. Nike x Acronym Blazer Sneakers.

Figure 327. Adidas 3D Runner Pump.

Figure 328. Under Armour Archi-TechFuturist.

Figure 329. Reebok Reebok Liquid Speed.

Figure 330. Radiate sports vest.

Figure 331. Adidas smart insole.

Figure 332. Applications of E-textiles.

Figure 333. EXO2 Stormwalker 2 Heated Jacket.

Figure 334. Flexible polymer-based heated glove, sock and slipper.

Figure 335. ThermaCell Rechargeable Heated Insoles.

Figure 336. Myant sleeve tracks biochemical indicators in sweat.

Figure 337. Flexible polymer-based therapeutic products.

Figure 338. iStimUweaR .

Figure 339. Digitsole Smartshoe.

Figure 340. Basketball referee Royole fully flexible display.

Figure 341. A mechanical glove, Robo-Glove, with pressure sensors and other sensors jointly developed by General Motors and NASA.

Figure 342. Power supply mechanisms for electronic textiles and wearables.

Figure 343. Micro-scale energy scavenging techniques.

Figure 344. Schematic illustration of the fabrication concept for textile-based dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) made by sewing textile electrodes onto cloth or paper.

Figure 345. 3D printed piezoelectric material.

Figure 346. Application of electronic textiles in AR/VR.

Figure 347. Global market for printed and flexible E-textiles and smart apparel electronics, 2020-2035 (Million Units).

Figure 348. Global market for printed and flexible E-textiles and smart apparel electronics, 2020-2035, millions of US dollars.

Figure 349. BioMan+.

Figure 350. EXO Glove.

Figure 351. LED hooded jacket.

Figure 352. Heated element module.

Figure 353. Carhartt X-1 Smart Heated Vest.

Figure 354. Cionic Neural Sleeve.

Figure 355. Graphene dress. The dress changes colour in sync with the wearer’s breathing.

Figure 356. Descante Solar Thermo insulated jacket.

Figure 357. G+ Graphene Aero Jersey.

Figure 358. HiFlex strain/pressure sensor.

Figure 359. KiTT motion tracking knee sleeve.

Figure 360. Healables app-controlled electrotherapy device.

Figure 361. LumeoLoop device.

Figure 362. Electroskin integration schematic.

Figure 363. Nextiles’ compression garments.

Figure 364. Nextiles e-fabric.

Figure 365 .Nuada.

Figure 366. Palarum PUP smart socks.

Figure 367. Smardii smart diaper.

Figure 368. Softmatter compression garment.

Figure 369. Softmatter sports bra with a woven ECG sensor.

Figure 370. MoCap Pro Glove.

Figure 371. Teslasuit.

Figure 372. ZOZOFIT wearable at-home 3D body scanner.

Figure 373. YouCare smart shirt.

Figure 374. SWOT analysis for printed, flexible and hybrid electronics in energy.

Figure 375. Examples of Flexible batteries on the market.

Figure 376. Stretchable lithium-ion battery for flexible electronics

Figure 377. Loomia E-textile.

Figure 378. BrightVolt battery.

Figure 379. ProLogium solid-state technology.

Figure 380. Amprius Li-ion batteries.

Figure 381. MOLEX thin-film battery.

Figure 382. Flexible batteries on the market.

Figure 383. Various architectures for flexible and stretchable electrochemical energy storage.

Figure 384. Types of flexible batteries.

Figure 385. Materials and design structures in flexible lithium ion batteries.

Figure 386. Flexible/stretchable LIBs with different structures.

Figure 387. a–c) Schematic illustration of coaxial (a), twisted (b), and stretchable (c) LIBs.

Figure 388. a) Schematic illustration of the fabrication of the superstretchy LIB based on an MWCNT/LMO composite fiber and an MWCNT/LTO composite fiber. b,c) Photograph (b) and the schematic illustration (c) of a stretchable fiber-shaped battery under stretching conditions. d) Schematic illustration of the spring-like stretchable LIB. e) SEM images of a fiberat different strains. f) Evolution of specific capacitance with strain. d–f)

Figure 389. Origami disposable battery.

Figure 390. Zn–MnO2 batteries produced by Brightvolt.

Figure 391. Various applications of printed paper batteries.

Figure 392.Schematic representation of the main components of a battery.

Figure 393. Schematic of a printed battery in a sandwich cell architecture, where the anode and cathode of the battery are stacked together.

Figure 394. Sakuú's Swift Print 3D-printed solid-state battery cells.

Figure 395. Manufacturing Processes for Conventional Batteries (I), 3D Microbatteries (II), and 3D-Printed Batteries (III).

Figure 396. Examples of applications of thin film batteries.

Figure 397. Capacities and voltage windows of various cathode and anode materials.

Figure 398. Traditional lithium-ion battery (left), solid state battery (right).

Figure 399. Stretchable lithium-air battery for wearable electronics.

Figure 400. Ag–Zn batteries produced by Imprint Energy.

Figure 401. Transparent batteries.

Figure 402. Degradable batteries.

Figure 403 . Fraunhofer IFAM printed electrodes.

Figure 404. Ragone plots of diverse batteries and the commonly used electronics powered by flexible batteries.

Figure 405. Schematic of the structure of stretchable LIBs.

Figure 406. Electrochemical performance of materials in flexible LIBs.

Figure 407. Main printing methods for supercapacitors.

Figure 408. Schematic illustration of the fabrication concept for textile-based dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) made by sewing textile electrodes onto cloth or paper.

Figure 409. Origami-like silicon solar cells.

Figure 410. Schematic illustration of the fabrication concept for textile-based dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) made by sewing textile electrodes onto cloth or paper.

Figure 411. Concept of microwave-transparent heaters for automotive radars.

Figure 412. Defrosting and defogging transparent heater applications.

Figure 413. Global market for printed and flexible energy storage, generation and harvesting electronics, 2020-2035 by type (Volume).

Figure 414. Global market for printed and flexible energy storage, generation and harvesting electronics, 2020-2035, millions of US dollars.

Figure 415. 3DOM battery.

Figure 416. AC biode prototype.

Figure 417. Ampcera’s all-ceramic dense solid-state electrolyte separator sheets (25 um thickness, 50mm x 100mm size, flexible and defect free, room temperature ionic conductivity ~1 mA/cm).

Figure 418. Ateios thin-film, printed battery.

Figure 419. 3D printed lithium-ion battery.

Figure 420. TempTraq wearable patch.

Figure 421. SoftBattery®.

Figure 422. Roll-to-roll equipment working with ultrathin steel substrate.

Figure 423. TAeTTOOz printable battery materials.

Figure 424. Exeger Powerfoyle.

Figure 425. 2D paper batteries.

Figure 426. 3D Custom Format paper batteries.

Figure 427. Hitachi Zosen solid-state battery.

Figure 428. Ilika solid-state batteries.

Figure 429. TAeTTOOz printable battery materials.

Figure 430. LiBEST flexible battery.

Figure 431. 3D solid-state thin-film battery technology.

Figure 432. Schematic illustration of three-chamber system for SWCNH production.

Figure 433. TEM images of carbon nanobrush.

Figure 434. Printed Energy flexible battery.

Figure 435. Printed battery.

Figure 436. ProLogium solid-state battery.

Figure 437. Sakuú Corporation 3Ah Lithium Metal Solid-state Battery.

Figure 438. Samsung SDI's sixth-generation prismatic batteries.

Figure 439. Grepow flexible battery.

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The Global Market for Wearable Electronics and Sensors 2025-2035

The Global Market for Wearable Electronics and Sensors 2025-2035

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