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The Global Market for Flexible Batteries 2025-2035

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from $1,300 245 Pages Future Markets, Inc. December, 2024 FTMK19396744
Best Price Guarantee
Price from $1,300
Length 245 Pages
Publisher Future Markets, Inc.
Published Date December, 2024
SKU FTMK19396744

The Global Market for Flexible Batteries 2025-2035


As electronic devices become more compact, flexible, and wearable, the demand for similarly flexible and efficient power sources is increasing. Flexible batteries have been identified by the World Economic Forum as one of the key emerging technologies for the next decade. The flexible batteries market is being supported by the expansion of wearable electronics, Internet of Things (IoT) devices, and other applications that require thin, bendable, and potentially stretchable power sources. This market report examines the global flexible batteries landscape from 2025 to 2035, providing insights for investors, manufacturers, and technology developers interested in this evolving energy storage solution.

Report contents include:
Market Size and Growth Projections: Forecasts of the flexible batteries market size and growth rate from 2025 to 2035, categorized by technology, application, and region.
Technology Analysis: Overview of various flexible battery technologies, including thin-film lithium-ion, printed batteries, solid-state batteries, and stretchable batteries.
Application Areas: Assessment of key application areas such as consumer electronics, healthcare devices, smart packaging, wearables, IoT, and automotive sectors.
Regional Analysis: Examination of market trends and opportunities in North America, Europe, Asia-Pacific, and other key regions.
Competitive Landscape: Profiles of established companies and new entrants in the flexible batteries space, including their technologies, strategies, and market positioning. Companies profiled include 3DOM Inc., AC Biode, AMO Greentech, Ampcera Inc., Anthro Energy, Ateios Systems, Australian Advanced Materials, Blackstone Resources, Blue Current Inc., Blue Spark Technologies Inc., CCL Design, Enfucell OY, Ensurge Micropower ASA, Evonik, Exeger, Fraunhofer Institute for Electronic Nano Systems (ENAS), Fuelium, Hitachi Zosen, Hyprint GmbH, Ilika, Intecells Inc., Jenax Inc., LiBest Inc., LionVolt BV, Maxell, Navaflex, NEC Corporation, Ohara, Photocentric, PolyPlus Battery Company, prelonic technologies, Prologium Technology Co. Ltd., Sakuú Corporation, Samsung SDI, Semiconductor Energy Laboratory Co. Ltd., Shenzhen Grepow Battery Co. Ltd. (Grepow), STMicroelectronics, TotalEnergies, UNIGRID Battery, Varta, and Zinergy UK.
Recent developments in flexible battery technology.
Market Drivers and Opportunities.
Challenges and Market Dynamics
Technical issues in manufacturing and scaling production.
Cost considerations and competition from traditional battery technologies.
Regulatory and safety concerns.
Technology Benchmarking and Performance Metrics.
Manufacturing Innovations and Material Science Advancements.
Investment Landscape and Market Opportunities.
Analysis of venture capital funding trends.
Overview of government initiatives and grants supporting flexible battery development.
Identification of potential investment areas and emerging market segments.

This report offers information for various stakeholders in the flexible batteries ecosystem:
Manufacturers: Production strategies, technology selection, and scaling considerations
Electronics Companies: Integration challenges and opportunities in product design
Investors: Potentially high-growth technologies and market segments for investment
Researchers: Areas for further study and development
Policy Makers: Regulatory considerations and support mechanisms for industry growth


1 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
1.1 Definition and Overview of Flexible Batteries
1.2 Battery market megatrends
1.3 Advanced materials for batteries
1.4 Macro-trends
1.5 Importance of Flexible Batteries in Modern Applications
1.6 Technology benchmarking
1.7 Battery Development
1.7.1 Enhanced Energy Density and Performance
1.7.2 Stretchable Batteries
1.7.3 Textile-Based Batteries
1.7.4 Printable Batteries
1.7.5 Sustainable and Biodegradable Batteries
1.7.6 Self-Healing Batteries
1.7.7 Solid-State Flexible Batteries
1.7.8 Integration with Energy Harvesting
1.7.9 Nanostructured Materials
1.7.10 Thin-Film Battery Technologies
1.8 The Global Battery Market
1.9 Market drivers
1.10 Batteries roadmap
1.11 Application market roadmap
1.12 Applications
1.13 Market forecast assumptions and challenges
1.13.1 By technology (Millions USD)
1.13.2 By technology (Units)
1.13.3 By application (Millions USD)
1.13.4 By application (Units)
1.14 Market and technical challenges
2 TECHNOLOGY OVERVIEW
2.1 Approaches to flexibility
2.1.1 Thinness-derived flexibility
2.1.2 Material-derived flexibility
2.1.3 Device-Design-Derived Flexibility
2.2 Production
2.3 Flexible Battery Technologies
2.3.1 Thin-film Lithium-ion Batteries
2.3.1.1 The Goliath range
2.3.1.2 Thin film vs bulk solid-state batteries
2.3.1.3 Types of Flexible/stretchable LIBs
2.3.1.3.1 Flexible planar LiBs
2.3.1.3.2 Flexible Fiber LiBs
2.3.1.3.3 Flexible micro-LiBs
2.3.1.3.4 Stretchable lithium-ion batteries
2.3.1.3.5 Origami and kirigami lithium-ion batteries
2.3.1.4 Flexible Li/S batteries
2.3.1.4.1 Components
2.3.1.4.2 Carbon nanomaterials
2.3.1.5 Flexible lithium-manganese dioxide (Li–MnO2) batteries
2.3.2 Printed Batteries
2.3.2.1 Technical specifications
2.3.2.2 Components
2.3.2.3 Design
2.3.2.4 Manufacturing
2.3.2.4.1 Blade Coating/Doctor Blade Printing
2.3.2.4.2 Screen and Stencil Printing
2.3.2.4.3 Screen Printed Secondary NMH Batteries
2.3.2.4.4 Spray and Flexographic Printing
2.3.2.4.5 Inkjet and Dispenser Printing
2.3.2.4.6 2D and 3D Printing techniques
2.3.2.5 Key features
2.3.2.5.1 Printable current collectors
2.3.2.5.2 Printable electrodes
2.3.2.5.3 Materials
2.3.2.5.4 Applications
2.3.2.5.5 Lithium-ion (LIB) printed batteries
2.3.2.5.6 Zinc-based printed batteries
2.3.2.5.7 3D Printed batteries
2.3.2.5.7.1 Materials for 3D printed batteries
2.3.2.5.7.1.1 Electrode Materials
2.3.2.5.7.1.2 Electrolyte Materials
2.3.3 Thin-Film Solid-state Batteries
2.3.3.1 Fabrication Techniques
2.3.3.1.1 Physical vapor deposition (PVD)
2.3.3.1.2 Direct Vapor Deposition
2.3.3.2 Solid-state electrolytes
2.3.3.3 Features and advantages
2.3.3.4 Technical specifications
2.3.3.4.1 Types
2.3.3.5 Microbatteries
2.3.3.5.1 Introduction
2.3.3.5.2 Materials
2.3.3.5.3 Applications
2.3.3.5.4 3D designs
2.3.4 Stretchable Batteries
2.3.5 Other Emerging Technologies
2.3.5.1 Metal-sulfur batteries
2.3.5.2 Flexible zinc-based batteries
2.3.5.3 Flexible silver–zinc (Ag–Zn) batteries
2.3.5.4 Flexible Zn–Air batteries
2.3.5.5 Flexible zinc-vanadium batteries
2.3.5.6 Fiber-shaped batteries
2.3.5.6.1 Carbon nanotubes
2.3.5.6.2 Types
2.3.5.6.3 Applications
2.3.5.6.4 Challenges
2.3.5.7 Transparent batteries
2.3.5.7.1 Components
2.3.5.8 Degradable batteries
2.3.5.8.1 Components
2.3.5.9 Fiber-shaped batteries
2.3.5.9.1 Carbon nanotubes
2.3.5.9.2 Types
2.3.5.9.3 Applications
2.3.5.9.4 Challenges
2.3.5.10 Cable-type batteries
2.4 Key Components of Flexible Batteries
2.4.1 Electrodes
2.4.2 Electrolytes
2.4.3 Separators
2.4.4 Current Collectors
2.4.5 Packaging
2.4.5.1 Pouch cells
2.4.6 Encapsulation Materials
2.4.7 Other Manufacturing Techniques
2.5 Performance Metrics and Characteristics
2.5.1 Energy Density
2.5.2 Power Density
2.5.3 Cycle Life
2.5.4 Flexibility and Bendability
2.5.5 Operating Temperature
2.5.6 Self-Discharge
3 MARKET DYNAMICS
3.1 Market Drivers
3.1.1 Growing Demand for Wearable Electronics
3.1.2 Increasing Adoption of IoT Devices
3.1.3 Advancements in Flexible Electronics
3.1.4 Rising Interest in Printed Electronics
3.1.5 Demand for Lightweight and Portable Power Sources
3.2 Market Restraints
3.2.1 Technical Challenges in Manufacturing
3.2.2 Limited Energy Density Compared to Conventional Batteries
3.2.3 High Initial Production Costs
3.2.4 Safety Concerns and Regulatory Hurdles
3.3 Market Opportunities
3.3.1 Emerging Applications in Healthcare and Medical Devices
3.3.2 Integration with Energy Harvesting Technologies
3.3.3 Potential in Aerospace and Defense Sectors
3.3.4 Smart Packaging and RFID Applications
3.4 Market Challenges
3.4.1 Scaling Up Production
3.4.2 Achieving Consistent Performance Under Various Conditions
3.4.3 Competition from Alternative Energy Storage Technologies
3.4.4 Addressing Environmental and Recycling Concerns
4 GLOBAL MARKET SIZE AND FORECAST (2025-2035)
4.1 Market Segmentation by Technology
4.1.1 Thin-film Lithium-ion Batteries
4.1.2 Printed Batteries
4.1.3 Flexible Solid-state Batteries
4.1.4 Stretchable Batteries
4.2 Market Segmentation by Application
4.2.1 Consumer Electronics
4.2.2 Healthcare and Medical Devices
4.2.3 Smart Packaging
4.2.4 Smart Cards and RFID
4.2.5 Wearable Devices
4.2.6 Internet of Things (IoT)
4.2.7 Automotive
4.3 Market Segmentation by Region
4.3.1 North America
4.3.2 Europe
4.3.3 Asia-Pacific
5 APPLICATION ANALYSIS
5.1 Consumer Electronics
5.1.1 Foldable and flexible phones
5.1.2 Battery Requirements
5.1.3 Low-power electronic components
5.1.4 Thin and flexible supercapacitors
5.1.5 Applications
5.1.5.1 Flexible Batteries in Smartphones
5.1.5.2 Flexible Batteries in Tablets
5.1.5.3 Flexible Batteries in Wearables
5.1.6 Technology Requirements and Challenges
5.2 Healthcare and Medical Devices
5.2.1 Key Applications
5.2.1.1 Smart Patches
5.2.1.1.1 Cosmetic Skin Patches
5.2.1.1.2 Cardiovascular monitoring patch
5.2.1.1.3 Diabetes management
5.2.1.1.4 Temperature Monitoring
5.2.1.2 Implantable Devices
5.2.1.3 Monitoring Systems
5.2.2 Technology Requirements and Challenges
5.3 Smart Packaging
5.3.1 Key Applications
5.3.1.1 Temperature Sensors
5.3.1.2 Freshness Indicators
5.3.2 Technology Requirements and Challenges
5.4 Smart Cards and RFID
5.4.1 Key Applications
5.4.2 Technology Requirements and Challenges
5.5 Wearable Devices
5.5.1 Key Products
5.5.1.1 Wrist-worn wearables and fitness trackers
5.5.1.2 Smart Textiles
5.5.1.3 Smart eyewear and headwear
5.5.1.4 Smart contact lenses
5.5.2 Technology Requirements and Challenges
5.6 Internet of Things (IoT)
5.6.1 Key Applications
5.6.1.1 Sensors
5.6.1.1.1 IoT and Industry 4.0 ecosystem
5.6.1.1.2 Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs)
5.6.1.1.3 IoT applications in consumer goods
5.6.1.2 Smart Home Devices
5.6.1.3 Industrial IoT
5.6.2 Technology Requirements and Challenges
5.7 Aerospace and Defense
5.7.1 Key Applications
5.7.1.1 Drones
5.7.1.2 Soldier Systems
5.7.1.3 Aircraft Components
5.7.2 Technology Requirements and Challenges
5.8 Automotive
5.8.1 Key Applications
5.8.1.1 Electric Vehicles
5.8.1.2 Smart Keys
5.8.1.3 In-Car Electronics
5.8.2 Technology Requirements and Challenges
6 TRENDS AND FUTURE OUTLOOK
6.1 Emerging Flexible Battery Technologies
6.1.1 Graphene-based Flexible Batteries
6.1.2 Fiber and Textile Batteries
6.1.3 Bio-batteries and Eco-friendly Solutions
6.1.4 Self-healing Battery Technologies
6.2 Integration with Other Technologies
6.2.1 Flexible Solar Cells
6.2.2 Wireless Charging Systems
6.2.3 Energy Harvesting Devices
6.2.4 Artificial Intelligence and Smart Power Management
6.3 Advancements in Materials Science
6.4 Manufacturing Innovations
6.5 Standardization and Regulatory Landscape
6.5.1 Development of Industry Standards
6.5.2 Safety Regulations and Compliance
6.5.3 Environmental Regulations and Sustainability Initiatives
6.6 Environmental Impact and Sustainability
6.6.1 Life Cycle Assessment of Flexible Batteries
6.6.2 Recyclability and End-of-Life Management
6.6.3 Eco-friendly Materials and Production Processes
7 COMPANY PROFILES 182 (44 company profiles)
8 APPENDICES
8.1 Glossary of Terms
8.2 List of Abbreviations
8.3 Research Methodology
9 REFERENCES
List of Tables
Table 1. Comparison with Conventional Battery Technologies.
Table 2. Battery market megatrends.
Table 3. Advanced materials for batteries.
Table 4. Macro-trends in flexible batteries.
Table 5. Technology benchmarking for flexible batteries.
Table 6. Application market roadmap for flexible batteries.
Table 7. Overview of applications for flexible batteries.
Table 8. Value drivers for flexible batteries.
Table 9. Global market 2025-2035 by technology (Millions USD) for flexible batteries.
Table 10. Global market 2025-2035 by technology (units) for flexible batteries.
Table 11.Global market 2025-2035 by application (Millions USD) for flexible batteries.
Table 12. Global market 2025-2035 by application (Units) for flexible batteries.
Table 13. Market and technical challenges in flexible batteries.
Table 14. Comparison of Flexible vs Traditional LIB.
Table 15. Material Choices for Flexible Battery Components.
Table 16. Flexible Battery Production Facilities.
Table 17. Flexible Li-ion battery commercial examples
Table 18. Thin film vs bulk solid-state batteries.
Table 19. Types of Flexible/Stretchable LIBs.
Table 20. Summary of fiber-shaped lithium-ion batteries.
Table 21. Main components and properties of different printed battery types.
Table 22. Manufacturing Technologies for Printed Batteries.
Table 23. Comparison of Printing Techniques.
Table 24. 2D and 3D printing techniques.
Table 25. Printing techniques applied to printed batteries.
Table 26. Advantages and Disadvantages of Printing Techniques.
Table 27, Types of printable current collectors and the materials commonly used.
Table 28. Applications of printed batteries and their physical and electrochemical requirements.
Table 29. Main components and corresponding electrochemical values of lithium-ion printed batteries.
Table 30. Printing technique, main components and corresponding electrochemical values of printed batteries based on Zn–MnO2 and other battery types.
Table 31. Main 3D Printing techniques for battery manufacturing.
Table 32. Electrode Materials for 3D Printed Batteries.
Table 33. Main Fabrication Techniques for Thin Film Batteries.
Table 34. Types of solid-state electrolytes.
Table 35. Market segmentation and status for solid-state batteries.
Table 36. Typical process chains for manufacturing key components and assembly of solid-state batteries.
Table 37. Comparison between liquid and solid-state batteries.
Table 38. Types of fiber-shaped batteries.
Table 39. Components of transparent batteries.
Table 40. Components of degradable batteries.
Table 41. Types of fiber-shaped batteries.
Table 42. Comparison of Organic and Inorganic Solid-State Electrolytes.
Table 43. Electrode designs in flexible lithium-ion batteries.
Table 44. Packaging procedures for pouch cells.
Table 45. Encapsulation Materials.
Table 46. Manufacturing Techniques Combinations.
Table 47. Energy Density Comparison.
Table 48. Power Density Performance.
Table 49. Cycle Life Performance.
Table 50. Flexibility Metrics.
Table 51. Temperature Effects.
Table 52. Self-Discharge Rates.
Table 53. Market Drivers for Flexible Batteries.
Table 54. Market Restraints for Flexible Batteries.
Table 55. Technical Challenges in Manufacturing,
Table 56. Limited Energy Density Comparison.
Table 57. Production Cost Comparison.
Table 58. Healthcare and Medical Applications.
Table 59. Smart Packaging Applications.
Table 60. Thin batteries used in RFID tags/ sensors
Table 61. Alternative Technology Comparison.
Table 62. Global market for Thin-film Lithium-ion Batteries 2025-2035 (Millions USD).
Table 63. Global market for Printed Batteries 2025-2035 (Millions USD).
Table 64. Global market for Flexible Solid-state Batteries 2025-2035 (Millions USD).
Table 65. Global market for Stretchable Batteries 2025-2035 (Millions USD).
Table 66. Global market for Flexible Batteries in Consumer Electronics 2025-2035 (Millions USD).
Table 67. Global market for Flexible Batteries in Healthcare and Medical Devices 2025-2035 (Millions USD).
Table 68. Global market for Flexible Batteries in Smart Packaging 2025-2035 (Millions USD).
Table 69. Global market for Flexible Batteries in Smart Cards and RFID 2025-2035 (Millions USD).
Table 70. Global market for Flexible Batteries in Wearables 2025-2035 (Millions USD).
Table 71. Global market for Flexible Batteries in Internet of Things (IoT) 2025-2035 (Millions USD).
Table 72. Global market for Flexible Batteries in Automotive 2025-2035 (Millions USD).
Table 73. Market for Flexible Batteries in North America 2025-2035 (Millions USD).
Table 74. Market for Flexible Batteries in Europe 2025-2035 (Millions USD).
Table 75. Market for Flexible Batteries in Asia-Pacific 2025-2035 (Millions USD).
Table 76. Applications of Flexible Batteries in Consumer Electronics.
Table 77. Applications of Flexible Batteries in Medical/Healthcare.
Table 78. Monitoring Systems in Medicine and Healthcare Applications.
Table 79. Alternative Power Solutions for Smart Cards.
Table 80. Applications of Flexible Batteries in Smart Cards and RFID.
Table 81. Healthcare for Wearables.
Table 82. Flexible batteries in IoT devices.
Table 83. Flexible Batteries in Aerospace and Defence.
Table 84. Applications of Flexible Batteries in the Automotive Industry.
Table 85. Emerging Flexible Battery Technologies.
Table 86. Novel Electrode Materials.
Table 87. Automated Production Lines for Flexible Batteries.
Table 88. Additive Manufacturing and 3D Printing for Flexible Batteries.
Table 89. Nano-manufacturing Techniques for Flexible Batteries.
Table 90. Global safety regulations.
Table 91. Environmental Regulations for Flexible Batteries.
Table 92. LCA process for Flexible Batteries.
Table 93. Recycling and End-of-Life Considerations.
Table 94. Eco-friendly Materials in Flexible Batteries.
Table 95. Eco-friendly Production Processes.
Table 96. 3DOM separator.
Table 97. Battery performance test specifications of J. Flex batteries.
Table 98. Glossary of Terms
Table 99. List of Abbreviations.
List of Figures
Figure 1. Flexible, rechargeable battery.
Figure 2. Examples of Flexible batteries on the market.
Figure 3. Stretchable lithium-ion battery for flexible electronics
Figure 4. Loomia E-textile.
Figure 5. BrightVolt battery.
Figure 6. ProLogium solid-state technology.
Figure 7. Amprius Li-ion batteries.
Figure 8. MOLEX thin-film battery.
Figure 9. Grepow flexible batteries.
Figure 10. Global market 2025-2035 by technology (value) for flexible batteries.
Figure 11. Global market 2025-2035 by technology (units) for flexible batteries.
Figure 12. Global market 2025-2035 by application (Millions USD) for flexible batteries.
Figure 13. Global market 2025-2035 by application (Units) for flexible batteries.
Figure 14. The evolution of flexible energy storage devices.
Figure 15. Types of flexible batteries.
Figure 16. Various architectures for flexible and stretchable electrochemical energy storage.
Figure 17. Materials and design structures in flexible lithium ion batteries.
Figure 18. Blue Spark Flexible Battery.
Figure 19. J.Flex Battery.
Figure 20. LG Chem Wire battery.
Figure 21. Panasonic Flexible Li-ion.
Figure 22. ProLogium Flexible SSB.
Figure 23. Samsung SDI Stripe Battery.
Figure 24. a–c) Schematic illustration of coaxial (a), twisted (b), and stretchable (c) LIBs.
Figure 25. Panasonic’s flexible lithium-ion battery.
Figure 26. Flexible/stretchable LIBs with different structures.
Figure 27. a) Schematic illustration of the fabrication of the superstretchy LIB based on an MWCNT/LMO composite fiber and an MWCNT/LTO composite fiber. b,c) Photograph (b) and the schematic illustration (c) of a stretchable fiber-shaped battery under stretching conditions. d) Schematic illustration of the spring-like stretchable LIB. e) SEM images of a fiberat different strains. f) Evolution of specific capacitance with strain. d–f)
Figure 28. Origami disposable battery.
Figure 29. Zn–MnO2 batteries produced by Brightvolt.
Figure 30. VARTA AG printed battery.
Figure 31. Various applications of printed paper batteries.
Figure 32.Schematic representation of the main components of a battery.
Figure 33. Schematic of a printed battery in a sandwich cell architecture, where the anode and cathode of the battery are stacked together.
Figure 34. Sakuú's Swift Print 3D-printed solid-state battery cells.
Figure 35. Manufacturing Processes for Conventional Batteries (I), 3D Microbatteries (II), and 3D-Printed Batteries (III).
Figure 36. Examples of applications of thin film batteries.
Figure 37. Capacities and voltage windows of various cathode and anode materials.
Figure 38. Traditional lithium-ion battery (left), solid state battery (right).
Figure 39. Stretchable lithium-air battery for wearable electronics.
Figure 40. Ag–Zn batteries.
Figure 41. Transparent batteries.
Figure 42. Degradable batteries.
Figure 43. LG Chem's cable-type battery .
Figure 44. Fraunhofer IFAM printed electrodes.
Figure 45. Ragone plots of diverse batteries and the commonly used electronics powered by flexible batteries.
Figure 46. Schematic of the structure of stretchable LIBs.
Figure 47. Electrochemical performance of materials in flexible LIBs.
Figure 48. Lithium Pouch Battery.
Figure 49. Wearable self-powered devices.
Figure 50. Toppan's RFID Tag with Electronic Paper Display.
Figure 51. Global market for Thin-film Lithium-ion Batteries 2025-2035 (Millions USD).
Figure 52. Global market for Printed Lithium-ion Batteries 2025-2035 (Millions USD).
Figure 53. Global market for Flexible Solid-state Batteries 2025-2035 (Millions USD).
Figure 54. Global market for Stretchable Solid-state Batteries 2025-2035 (Millions USD).
Figure 55. Global market for Flexible Batteries in Consumer Electronics 2025-2035 (Millions USD).
Figure 56. Global market for Flexible Batteries in Healthcare and Medical Devices 2025-2035 (Millions USD).
Figure 57. Global market for Flexible Batteries in Smart Packaging 2025-2035 (Millions USD).
Figure 58. Global market for Flexible Batteries in Smart Cards and RFID 2025-2035 (Millions USD).
Figure 59. Global market for Flexible Batteries in Wearables 2025-2035 (Millions USD).
Figure 60. Global market for Flexible Batteries in Internet of Things (IoT) 2025-2035 (Millions USD).
Figure 61. Global market for Flexible Batteries in Automotive 2025-2035 (Millions USD).
Figure 62. Market for Flexible Batteries in North America 2025-2035 (Millions USD).
Figure 63. Market for Flexible Batteries in Europe 2025-2035 (Millions USD).
Figure 64. Market for Flexible Batteries in Asia-Pacific 2025-2035 (Millions USD).
Figure 65. Skin patch.
Figure 66. TempTraq Wearable Temperature Monitor.
Figure 67. Flexible, non-cytotoxic battery concept.
Figure 68. Mojo Vision Smart Contact Lens.
Figure 69. 3DOM battery.
Figure 70. AC biode prototype.
Figure 71. Ampcera’s all-ceramic dense solid-state electrolyte separator sheets (25 um thickness, 50mm x 100mm size, flexible and defect free, room temperature ionic conductivity ~1 mA/cm).
Figure 72. Ateios thin-film, printed battery.
Figure 73. 3D printed lithium-ion battery.
Figure 74. TempTraq wearable patch.
Figure 75. SoftBattery®.
Figure 76. Roll-to-roll equipment working with ultrathin steel substrate.
Figure 77. TAeTTOOz printable battery materials.
Figure 78. Exeger Powerfoyle.
Figure 79. 2D paper batteries.
Figure 80. 3D Custom Format paper batteries.
Figure 81. Hitachi Zosen solid-state battery.
Figure 82. Ilika solid-state batteries.
Figure 83. TAeTTOOz printable battery materials.
Figure 84. LiBEST flexible battery.
Figure 85. 3D solid-state thin-film battery technology.
Figure 86. Schematic illustration of three-chamber system for SWCNH production.
Figure 87. TEM images of carbon nanobrush.
Figure 88. Printed Energy flexible battery.
Figure 89. Printed battery.
Figure 90. ProLogium solid-state battery.
Figure 91. Sakuú Corporation 3Ah Lithium Metal Solid-state Battery.
Figure 92. Samsung SDI's sixth-generation prismatic batteries.
Figure 93. Grepow flexible battery.

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