Vehicle-to-Grid in EV Charging Infrastructure, Recent Technological Developments and Growth Opportunities, 2024–2030

The traditionally distinct transport and power sectors are increasingly converging through the common element of electric power. As electric vehicle (EV) numbers grow and renewable energy sources gain market share, their integration into the conventional power grid is becoming a technical necessity and a strategic opportunity. Bidirectional energy transfer technology enables energy transfers between EVs and the power grid, offering a new direction for grid stabilization, load balancing, and the efficient utilization of distributed renewable energy sources. This new approach not only supports resilient grid operations and enhances the EV ownership value proposition but also cultivates the inception of new market models, business cases, and policy instruments.

This study offers an overview of vehicle-to-grid (V2G) technology for EVs, and some topics it covers include:

• An introduction to V2G technology, V2G’s role in power grid balancing, an outline of V2G infrastructure, fundamental V2G architecture, standards and protocol, and the economic benefits of implementing the technology
• Global growth opportunities, which provide insight into the key growth areas for large-scale V2G technology adoption
• The innovation ecosystem, which includes the patent landscape, and the major stakeholders involved in the development of the V2G landscape