Global Silicon Nitride Active Metal Brazed Substrate Competitive Landscape Professional Research Report 2024

Global Silicon Nitride Active Metal Brazed Substrate Competitive Landscape Professional Research Report 2024



Research Summary

A Silicon Nitride Active Metal Brazed (SiN AMB) substrate refers to a specialized composite material used in various high-temperature applications, particularly in the aerospace, automotive, and power generation industries. This substrate consists of a silicon nitride ceramic core bonded with a metal layer through an active metal brazing process. Silicon nitride offers excellent mechanical properties, high-temperature stability, and resistance to thermal shock, while the metal layer provides enhanced bonding strength and compatibility with other components. The active metal brazing process involves the use of a specially formulated brazing alloy that can wet both the ceramic and metal surfaces, forming a strong metallurgical bond between them. SiN AMB substrates find applications in components such as turbine blades, heat exchangers, and exhaust systems, where they provide superior thermal management, corrosion resistance, and mechanical reliability in demanding operating conditions.

According to DIResearch's in-depth investigation and research, the global Silicon Nitride Active Metal Brazed Substrate market size will reach XX US$ Million in 2024, and is expected to reach XX US$ Million in 2030, with a CAGR of XX% (2025-2030). Among them, the China market has changed rapidly in the past few years. The market size in 2024 will be XX US$ Million, accounting for approximately XX% of the world. It is expected to reach XX US$ Million in 2030, and the global share will reach XX%.

The major global manufacturers of Silicon Nitride Active Metal Brazed Substrate include Rogers Corporation, Heraeus Electronics, Kyocera, Toshiba Materials, DENKA, KCC, Ferrotec, BYD, Shenzhen Xinzhou Electronic Technology, Zhejiang TC Ceramic Electronic, Shengda Tech, Beijing Moshi Technology, Nantong Winspower, Wuxi Tianyang Electronics etc. The global players competition landscape in this report is divided into three tiers. The first tiers is the global leading enterprise, which occupies a major market share, is in a leading position in the industry, has strong competitiveness and influence, and has a large revenue scale; the second tiers has a certain share and popularity in the market, actively follows the industry leaders in product, service or technological innovation, and has a medium revenue scale; the third tiers has a smaller share in the market, has a lower brand awareness, mainly focuses on the local market, and has a relatively small revenue scale.

This report studies the market size, price trends and future development prospects of Silicon Nitride Active Metal Brazed Substrate. Focus on analysing the market share, product portfolio, prices, sales volume, revenue and gross profit margin of global major manufacturers, as well as the market status and trends of different product types and applications in the global Silicon Nitride Active Metal Brazed Substrate market. The report data covers historical data from 2018 to 2023, based year in 2024 and forecast data from 2025 to 2030.

The regions and countries in the report include North America, Europe, China, APAC (excl. China), Latin America and Middle East and Africa, covering the Silicon Nitride Active Metal Brazed Substrate market conditions and future development trends of key regions and countries, combined with industry-related policies and the latest technological developments, analyze the development characteristics of Silicon Nitride Active Metal Brazed Substrate industries in various regions and countries, help companies understand the development characteristics of each region, help companies formulate business strategies, and achieve the ultimate goal of the company's global development strategy.    

The data sources of this report mainly include the National Bureau of Statistics, customs databases, industry associations, corporate financial reports, third-party databases, etc. Among them, macroeconomic data mainly comes from the National Bureau of Statistics, International Economic Research Organization; industry statistical data mainly come from industry associations; company data mainly comes from interviews, public information collection, third-party reliable databases, and price data mainly comes from various markets monitoring database.

Global Key Manufacturers of Silicon Nitride Active Metal Brazed Substrate Include:

Rogers Corporation

Heraeus Electronics

Kyocera

Toshiba Materials

DENKA

KCC

Ferrotec

BYD

Shenzhen Xinzhou Electronic Technology

Zhejiang TC Ceramic Electronic

Shengda Tech

Beijing Moshi Technology

Nantong Winspower

Wuxi Tianyang Electronics

Silicon Nitride Active Metal Brazed Substrate Product Segment Include:
0.32mm SiN AMB Substrates0.25mm SiN AMB Substrates
Silicon Nitride Active Metal Brazed Substrate Product Application Include:

Automobile

Traction & Railway

New Energy & Power Grid

Military & Aerospace

Others

Chapter Scope

Chapter 1: Product Research Range, Product Types and Applications, Market Overview, Market Situation and Trends

Chapter 2: Global Silicon Nitride Active Metal Brazed Substrate Capacity and Production Analysis

Chapter 3: Global Silicon Nitride Active Metal Brazed Substrate Industry PESTEL Analysis

Chapter 4: Global Silicon Nitride Active Metal Brazed Substrate Industry Porter’s Five Forces Analysis

Chapter 5: Global Silicon Nitride Active Metal Brazed Substrate Major Regional Market Size (Revenue, Sales, Price) and Forecast Analysis

Chapter 6: Global Silicon Nitride Active Metal Brazed Substrate Market Size and Forecast by Type and Application Analysis

Chapter 7: North America Silicon Nitride Active Metal Brazed Substrate Competitive Analysis (Market Size, Key Players and Market Share, Product Type and Application Segment Analysis, Countries Analysis)

Chapter 8: Europe Silicon Nitride Active Metal Brazed Substrate Competitive Analysis (Market Size, Key Players and Market Share, Product Type and Application Segment Analysis, Countries Analysis)

Chapter 9: China Silicon Nitride Active Metal Brazed Substrate Competitive Analysis (Market Size, Key Players and Market Share, Product Type and Application Segment Analysis, Countries Analysis)

Chapter 10: APAC (Excl. China) Silicon Nitride Active Metal Brazed Substrate Competitive Analysis (Market Size, Key Players and Market Share, Product Type and Application Segment Analysis, Countries Analysis)

Chapter 11: Latin America Silicon Nitride Active Metal Brazed Substrate Competitive Analysis (Market Size, Key Players and Market Share, Product Type and Application Segment Analysis, Countries Analysis)

Chapter 12: Middle East and Africa Silicon Nitride Active Metal Brazed Substrate Competitive Analysis (Market Size, Key Players and Market Share, Product Type and Application Segment Analysis, Countries Analysis)

Chapter 13: Global Silicon Nitride Active Metal Brazed Substrate Competitive Analysis of Key Manufacturers (Sales, Revenue, Market Share, Price, Regional Distribution and Industry Concentration)

Chapter 14: Key Company Profiles (Product Portfolio, Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin)

Chapter 15: Industrial Chain Analysis, Include Raw Material Suppliers, Distributors and Customers

Chapter 16: Research Findings and Conclusion

Chapter 17: Methodology and Data Sources


1 Silicon Nitride Active Metal Brazed Substrate Market Overview
1.1 Product Definition and Statistical Scope
1.2 Silicon Nitride Active Metal Brazed Substrate Product by Type
1.2.1 Global Silicon Nitride Active Metal Brazed Substrate Market Size by Type, 2023 VS 2024 VS 2030
1.2.2 0.32mm SiN AMB Substrates
1.2.3 0.25mm SiN AMB Substrates
1.3 Silicon Nitride Active Metal Brazed Substrate Product by Application
1.3.1 Global Silicon Nitride Active Metal Brazed Substrate Market Size by Application, 2023 VS 2024 VS 2030
1.3.2 Automobile
1.3.3 Traction & Railway
1.3.4 New Energy & Power Grid
1.3.5 Military & Aerospace
1.3.6 Others
1.4 Global Silicon Nitride Active Metal Brazed Substrate Market Revenue and Sales Analysis
1.4.1 Global Silicon Nitride Active Metal Brazed Substrate Market Size Analysis (2019-2030)
1.4.2 Global Silicon Nitride Active Metal Brazed Substrate Market Sales Analysis (2019-2030)
1.4.3 Global Silicon Nitride Active Metal Brazed Substrate Market Sales Price Trend Analysis (2019-2030)
1.5 Silicon Nitride Active Metal Brazed Substrate Market Development Status and Trends
1.5.1 Silicon Nitride Active Metal Brazed Substrate Industry Development Status Analysis
1.5.2 Silicon Nitride Active Metal Brazed Substrate Industry Development Trends Analysis
2 Global Silicon Nitride Active Metal Brazed Substrate Capacity and Production Analysis
2.1 Global Silicon Nitride Active Metal Brazed Substrate Production Capacity (2019-2030)
2.2 Global Silicon Nitride Active Metal Brazed Substrate Production by Region: 2023 VS 2024 VS 2030
2.3 Global Silicon Nitride Active Metal Brazed Substrate Production by Region
2.3.1 Global Silicon Nitride Active Metal Brazed Substrate Historic Production by Region (2019-2024)
2.3.2 Global Silicon Nitride Active Metal Brazed Substrate Forecasted Production by Region (2025-2030)
2.3.3 Global Silicon Nitride Active Metal Brazed Substrate Production Market Share by Region (2019-2030)
3 Silicon Nitride Active Metal Brazed Substrate Market PESTEL Analysis
3.1 Political Factors Analysis
3.2 Economic Factors Analysis
3.3 Social Factors Analysis
3.4 Technological Factors Analysis
3.5 Environmental Factors Analysis
3.6 Legal Factors Analysis
4 Silicon Nitride Active Metal Brazed Substrate Market Porter's Five Forces Analysis
4.1 Competitive Rivalry
4.2 Threat of New Entrants
4.3 Bargaining Power of Suppliers
4.4 Bargaining Power of Buyers
4.5 Threat of Substitutes
5 Global Silicon Nitride Active Metal Brazed Substrate Market Analysis by Regions
5.1 Silicon Nitride Active Metal Brazed Substrate Overall Market: 2023 VS 2024 VS 2030
5.2 Global Silicon Nitride Active Metal Brazed Substrate Revenue and Forecast Analysis (2019-2030)
5.2.1 Global Silicon Nitride Active Metal Brazed Substrate Revenue and Market Share by Region (2019-2024)
5.2.2 Global Silicon Nitride Active Metal Brazed Substrate Revenue Forecast by Region (2025-2030)
5.3 Global Silicon Nitride Active Metal Brazed Substrate Sales and Forecast Analysis (2019-2030)
5.3.1 Global Silicon Nitride Active Metal Brazed Substrate Sales and Market Share by Region (2019-2024)
5.3.2 Global Silicon Nitride Active Metal Brazed Substrate Sales Forecast by Region (2025-2030)
5.4 Global Silicon Nitride Active Metal Brazed Substrate Sales Price Trend Analysis (2019-2030)
6 Global Silicon Nitride Active Metal Brazed Substrate Market Size by Type and Application
6.1 Global Silicon Nitride Active Metal Brazed Substrate Market Size by Type
6.1.1 Global Silicon Nitride Active Metal Brazed Substrate Revenue and Forecast Analysis by Type (2019-2030)
6.1.2 Global Silicon Nitride Active Metal Brazed Substrate Sales and Forecast Analysis by Type (2019-2030)
6.2 Global Silicon Nitride Active Metal Brazed Substrate Market Size by Application
6.2.1 Global Silicon Nitride Active Metal Brazed Substrate Revenue and Forecast Analysis by Application (2019-2030)
6.2.2 Global Silicon Nitride Active Metal Brazed Substrate Sales and Forecast Analysis by Application (2019-2030)
7 North America
7.1 North America Silicon Nitride Active Metal Brazed Substrate Market Size and Growth Rate Analysis (2019-2030)
7.2 North America Key Manufacturers Analysis
7.3 North America Silicon Nitride Active Metal Brazed Substrate Market Size by Type
7.3.1 North America Silicon Nitride Active Metal Brazed Substrate Sales by Type (2019-2030)
7.3.2 North America Silicon Nitride Active Metal Brazed Substrate Revenue by Type (2019-2030)
7.4 North America Silicon Nitride Active Metal Brazed Substrate Market Size by Application
7.4.1 North America Silicon Nitride Active Metal Brazed Substrate Sales by Application (2019-2030)
7.4.2 North America Silicon Nitride Active Metal Brazed Substrate Revenue by Application (2019-2030)
7.5 North America Silicon Nitride Active Metal Brazed Substrate Market Size by Country
7.5.1 US
7.5.2 Canada
8 Europe
8.1 Europe Silicon Nitride Active Metal Brazed Substrate Market Size and Growth Rate Analysis (2019-2030)
8.2 Europe Key Manufacturers Analysis
8.3 Europe Silicon Nitride Active Metal Brazed Substrate Market Size by Type
8.3.1 Europe Silicon Nitride Active Metal Brazed Substrate Sales by Type (2019-2030)
8.3.2 Europe Silicon Nitride Active Metal Brazed Substrate Revenue by Type (2019-2030)
8.4 Europe Silicon Nitride Active Metal Brazed Substrate Market Size by Application
8.4.1 Europe Silicon Nitride Active Metal Brazed Substrate Sales by Application (2019-2030)
8.4.2  Europe Silicon Nitride Active Metal Brazed Substrate Revenue by Application (2019-2030)
8.5 Europe Silicon Nitride Active Metal Brazed Substrate Market Size by Country
8.5.1 Germany
8.5.2 France
8.5.3 United Kingdom
8.5.4 Italy
8.5.5 Spain
8.5.6 Benelux
9 China
9.1 China Silicon Nitride Active Metal Brazed Substrate Market Size and Growth Rate Analysis (2019-2030)
9.2 China Key Manufacturers Analysis
9.3 China Silicon Nitride Active Metal Brazed Substrate Market Size by Type
9.3.1 China Silicon Nitride Active Metal Brazed Substrate Sales by Type (2019-2030)
9.3.2 China Silicon Nitride Active Metal Brazed Substrate Revenue by Type (2019-2030)
9.4 China Silicon Nitride Active Metal Brazed Substrate Market Size by Application
9.4.1 China Silicon Nitride Active Metal Brazed Substrate Sales by Application (2019-2030)
9.4.2 China Silicon Nitride Active Metal Brazed Substrate Revenue by Application (2019-2030)
10 APAC (excl. China)
10.1 APAC (excl. China) Silicon Nitride Active Metal Brazed Substrate Market Size and Growth Rate Analysis (2019-2030)
10.2 APAC (excl. China) Key Manufacturers Analysis
10.3 APAC (excl. China) Silicon Nitride Active Metal Brazed Substrate Market Size by Type
10.3.1 APAC (excl. China) Silicon Nitride Active Metal Brazed Substrate Sales by Type (2019-2030)
10.3.2 APAC (excl. China) Silicon Nitride Active Metal Brazed Substrate Revenue by Type (2019-2030)
10.4 APAC (excl. China) Silicon Nitride Active Metal Brazed Substrate Market Size by Application
10.4.1 APAC (excl. China) Silicon Nitride Active Metal Brazed Substrate Sales by Application (2019-2030)
10.4.2 APAC (excl. China) Silicon Nitride Active Metal Brazed Substrate Revenue by Application (2019-2030)
10.5 APAC (excl. China) Silicon Nitride Active Metal Brazed Substrate Market Size by Country
10.5.1 Japan
10.5.2 South Korea
10.5.3 India
10.5.4 Australia
10.5.5 Indonesia
10.5.6 Vietnam
10.5.7 Malaysia
10.5.8 Thailand
11 Latin America
11.1 Latin America Silicon Nitride Active Metal Brazed Substrate Market Size and Growth Rate Analysis (2019-2030)
11.2 Latin America Key Manufacturers Analysis
11.3 Latin America Silicon Nitride Active Metal Brazed Substrate Market Size by Type
11.3.1 Latin America Silicon Nitride Active Metal Brazed Substrate Sales by Type (2019-2030)
11.3.2 Latin America Silicon Nitride Active Metal Brazed Substrate Revenue by Type (2019-2030)
11.4 Latin America Silicon Nitride Active Metal Brazed Substrate Market Size by Application
11.4.1 Latin America Silicon Nitride Active Metal Brazed Substrate Sales by Application (2019-2030)
11.4.2 Latin America Silicon Nitride Active Metal Brazed Substrate Revenue by Application (2019-2030)
11.5 Latin America Silicon Nitride Active Metal Brazed Substrate Market Size by Country
11.5.1 Mexico
11.5.2 Brazil
12 Middle East & Africa
12.1 Middle East & Africa Silicon Nitride Active Metal Brazed Substrate Market Size and Growth Rate Analysis (2019-2030)
12.2 Middle East & Africa Key Manufacturers Analysis
12.3 Middle East & Africa Silicon Nitride Active Metal Brazed Substrate Market Size by Type
12.3.1 Middle East & Africa Silicon Nitride Active Metal Brazed Substrate Sales by Type (2019-2030)
12.3.2 Middle East & Africa Silicon Nitride Active Metal Brazed Substrate Revenue by Type (2019-2030)
12.4 Middle East & Africa Silicon Nitride Active Metal Brazed Substrate Market Size by Application
12.4.1 Middle East & Africa Silicon Nitride Active Metal Brazed Substrate Sales by Application (2019-2030)
12.4.2 Middle East & Africa Silicon Nitride Active Metal Brazed Substrate Revenue by Application (2019-2030)
12.5 Middle East & Africa Silicon Nitride Active Metal Brazed Substrate Market Size by Country
12.5.1 Saudi Arabia
12.5.2 South Africa
13 Competition by Manufacturers
13.1 Global Silicon Nitride Active Metal Brazed Substrate Market Sales, Revenue and Price by Key Manufacturers (2020-2024)
13.1.1 Global Silicon Nitride Active Metal Brazed Substrate Market Sales by Key Manufacturers (2020-2024)
13.1.2 Global Silicon Nitride Active Metal Brazed Substrate Market Revenue by Key Manufacturers (2020-2024)
13.1.3 Global Silicon Nitride Active Metal Brazed Substrate Average Sales Price by Manufacturers (2020-2024)
13.2 Silicon Nitride Active Metal Brazed Substrate Competitive Landscape Analysis and Market Dynamic
13.2.1 Silicon Nitride Active Metal Brazed Substrate Competitive Landscape Analysis
13.2.2 Global Key Manufacturers Headquarter Location and Key Area Sales
13.2.3 Market Dynamic
14 Key Companies Analysis
14.1 Rogers Corporation
14.1.1 Rogers Corporation Basic Company Profile (Employees, Areas Service, Competitors and Contact Information)
14.1.2 Rogers Corporation Silicon Nitride Active Metal Brazed Substrate Product Portfolio
14.1.3 Rogers Corporation Silicon Nitride Active Metal Brazed Substrate Market Data Analysis (Revenue, Sales, Price, Gross Margin and Market Share) (2020-2024)
14.2 Heraeus Electronics
14.2.1 Heraeus Electronics Basic Company Profile (Employees, Areas Service, Competitors and Contact Information)
14.2.2 Heraeus Electronics Silicon Nitride Active Metal Brazed Substrate Product Portfolio
14.2.3 Heraeus Electronics Silicon Nitride Active Metal Brazed Substrate Market Data Analysis (Revenue, Sales, Price, Gross Margin and Market Share) (2020-2024)
14.3 Kyocera
14.3.1 Kyocera Basic Company Profile (Employees, Areas Service, Competitors and Contact Information)
14.3.2 Kyocera Silicon Nitride Active Metal Brazed Substrate Product Portfolio
14.3.3 Kyocera Silicon Nitride Active Metal Brazed Substrate Market Data Analysis (Revenue, Sales, Price, Gross Margin and Market Share) (2020-2024)
14.4 Toshiba Materials
14.4.1 Toshiba Materials Basic Company Profile (Employees, Areas Service, Competitors and Contact Information)
14.4.2 Toshiba Materials Silicon Nitride Active Metal Brazed Substrate Product Portfolio
14.4.3 Toshiba Materials Silicon Nitride Active Metal Brazed Substrate Market Data Analysis (Revenue, Sales, Price, Gross Margin and Market Share) (2020-2024)
14.5 DENKA
14.5.1 DENKA Basic Company Profile (Employees, Areas Service, Competitors and Contact Information)
14.5.2 DENKA Silicon Nitride Active Metal Brazed Substrate Product Portfolio
14.5.3 DENKA Silicon Nitride Active Metal Brazed Substrate Market Data Analysis (Revenue, Sales, Price, Gross Margin and Market Share) (2020-2024)
14.6 KCC
14.6.1 KCC Basic Company Profile (Employees, Areas Service, Competitors and Contact Information)
14.6.2 KCC Silicon Nitride Active Metal Brazed Substrate Product Portfolio
14.6.3 KCC Silicon Nitride Active Metal Brazed Substrate Market Data Analysis (Revenue, Sales, Price, Gross Margin and Market Share) (2020-2024)
14.7 Ferrotec
14.7.1 Ferrotec Basic Company Profile (Employees, Areas Service, Competitors and Contact Information)
14.7.2 Ferrotec Silicon Nitride Active Metal Brazed Substrate Product Portfolio
14.7.3 Ferrotec Silicon Nitride Active Metal Brazed Substrate Market Data Analysis (Revenue, Sales, Price, Gross Margin and Market Share) (2020-2024)
14.8 BYD
14.8.1 BYD Basic Company Profile (Employees, Areas Service, Competitors and Contact Information)
14.8.2 BYD Silicon Nitride Active Metal Brazed Substrate Product Portfolio
14.8.3 BYD Silicon Nitride Active Metal Brazed Substrate Market Data Analysis (Revenue, Sales, Price, Gross Margin and Market Share) (2020-2024)
14.9 Shenzhen Xinzhou Electronic Technology
14.9.1 Shenzhen Xinzhou Electronic Technology Basic Company Profile (Employees, Areas Service, Competitors and Contact Information)
14.9.2 Shenzhen Xinzhou Electronic Technology Silicon Nitride Active Metal Brazed Substrate Product Portfolio
14.9.3 Shenzhen Xinzhou Electronic Technology Silicon Nitride Active Metal Brazed Substrate Market Data Analysis (Revenue, Sales, Price, Gross Margin and Market Share) (2020-2024)
14.10 Zhejiang TC Ceramic Electronic
14.10.1 Zhejiang TC Ceramic Electronic Basic Company Profile (Employees, Areas Service, Competitors and Contact Information)
14.10.2 Zhejiang TC Ceramic Electronic Silicon Nitride Active Metal Brazed Substrate Product Portfolio
14.10.3 Zhejiang TC Ceramic Electronic Silicon Nitride Active Metal Brazed Substrate Market Data Analysis (Revenue, Sales, Price, Gross Margin and Market Share) (2020-2024)
14.11 Shengda Tech
14.11.1 Shengda Tech Basic Company Profile (Employees, Areas Service, Competitors and Contact Information)
14.11.2 Shengda Tech Silicon Nitride Active Metal Brazed Substrate Product Portfolio
14.11.3 Shengda Tech Silicon Nitride Active Metal Brazed Substrate Market Data Analysis (Revenue, Sales, Price, Gross Margin and Market Share) (2020-2024)
14.12 Beijing Moshi Technology
14.12.1 Beijing Moshi Technology Basic Company Profile (Employees, Areas Service, Competitors and Contact Information)
14.12.2 Beijing Moshi Technology Silicon Nitride Active Metal Brazed Substrate Product Portfolio
14.12.3 Beijing Moshi Technology Silicon Nitride Active Metal Brazed Substrate Market Data Analysis (Revenue, Sales, Price, Gross Margin and Market Share) (2020-2024)
14.13 Nantong Winspower
14.13.1 Nantong Winspower Basic Company Profile (Employees, Areas Service, Competitors and Contact Information)
14.13.2 Nantong Winspower Silicon Nitride Active Metal Brazed Substrate Product Portfolio
14.13.3 Nantong Winspower Silicon Nitride Active Metal Brazed Substrate Market Data Analysis (Revenue, Sales, Price, Gross Margin and Market Share) (2020-2024)
14.14 Wuxi Tianyang Electronics
14.14.1 Wuxi Tianyang Electronics Basic Company Profile (Employees, Areas Service, Competitors and Contact Information)
14.14.2 Wuxi Tianyang Electronics Silicon Nitride Active Metal Brazed Substrate Product Portfolio
14.14.3 Wuxi Tianyang Electronics Silicon Nitride Active Metal Brazed Substrate Market Data Analysis (Revenue, Sales, Price, Gross Margin and Market Share) (2020-2024)
15 Industry Chain Analysis
15.1 Silicon Nitride Active Metal Brazed Substrate Industry Chain Analysis
15.2 Silicon Nitride Active Metal Brazed Substrate Industry Upstream Supply Analysis
15.2.1 Upstream Key Raw Material Supply Analysis
15.2.2 Raw Material Suppliers and Contact Information
15.3 Silicon Nitride Active Metal Brazed Substrate Typical Downstream Customers
15.4 Silicon Nitride Active Metal Brazed Substrate Sales Channel Analysis
16 Research Findings and Conclusion
17 Methodology and Data Source
17.1 Methodology/Research Approach
17.2 Research Scope
17.3 Benchmarks and Assumptions
17.4 Date Source
17.4.1 Primary Sources
17.4.2 Secondary Sources
17.5 Data Cross Validation
17.6 Disclaimer

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