Global Cresylic Acid Competitive Landscape Professional Research Report 2025

Best Price Guarantee	Length	Publisher	Published Date	SKU
from $3,500	170 Pages	DIResearch	January, 2025	DIR19541928

Best Price Guarantee
Price	from $3,500
Length	170 Pages
Publisher	DIResearch
Published Date	January, 2025
SKU	DIR19541928

Research Summary

Cresylic acid, also known as cresols, is a mixture of three isomeric organic compounds: ortho-cresol, meta-cresol, and para-cresol. These compounds are aromatic hydrocarbons with a phenolic structure and are derived from coal tar or petroleum sources. Cresylic acid is a colorless to yellowish liquid with a strong, pungent odor. It has various industrial applications, including as a precursor for the production of chemicals such as disinfectants, solvents, and resins. Cresylic acid is also used in the manufacture of pesticides, herbicides, and pharmaceuticals. Due to its toxic and corrosive properties, cresylic acid must be handled and stored with proper precautions and in accordance with safety guidelines to prevent harm to human health and the environment.

According to DIResearch's in-depth investigation and research, the global Cresylic Acid market size was valued at XX Million USD in 2024 and is projected to reach XX Million USD by 2032, with a CAGR of XX% (2025-2032). Notably, the China market has changed rapidly in the past few years. By 2024, China's market size is expected to be XX Million USD, representing approximately XX% of the global market share. By 2032, it is anticipated to grow further to XX Million USD, contributing XX% to the worldwide market share.

The major global manufacturers of Cresylic Acid include Sasol, Dakota Gasification Company, DEZA, Rain Carbon (RUTGERS), Mitsui Chemicals, Atul, Lanxess, SABIC, Asahi Kasei, SI Group, VDH Chem Tech, SHIV SHAKTI, TNJ Chemical, Nanjing Ningkang Chemical, Deepak Novochem Technologies, JFE Chemical Corporation, Nippon Steel and Sumikin Chemical, Juye Runjia Chemical, Dorf Ketal Chemicals, Changzhou Junchi Chemical, Changzhou City Teng Yang Chemical, Shanghai FeiGe Chemical, Chengjiang Pharmaceutical Science and Technology etc. The global players competition landscape in this report is divided into three tiers. The first tier comprises global leading enterprises that command a substantial market share, hold a dominant industry position, possess strong competitiveness and influence, and generate significant revenue. The second tier includes companies with a notable market presence and reputation; these firms actively follow industry leaders in product, service, or technological innovation and maintain a moderate revenue scale. The third tier consists of smaller companies with limited market share and lower brand recognition, primarily focused on local markets and generating comparatively lower revenue.

This report studies the market size, price trends and future development prospects of Cresylic Acid. Focus on analysing the market share, product portfolio, prices, sales, revenue and gross profit margin of global major manufacturers, as well as the market status and trends of different product types and applications in the global Cresylic Acid market. The report data covers historical data from 2020 to 2024, based year in 2025 and forecast data from 2026 to 2032.

The regions and countries in the report include North America, Europe, China, APAC (excl. China), Latin America and Middle East and Africa, covering the Cresylic Acid market conditions and future development trends of key regions and countries, combined with industry-related policies and the latest technological developments, analyze the development characteristics of Cresylic Acid industries in various regions and countries, help companies understand the development characteristics of each region, help companies formulate business strategies, and achieve the ultimate goal of the company's global development strategy.

The data sources of this report mainly include the National Bureau of Statistics, customs databases, industry associations, corporate financial reports, third-party databases, etc. Among them, macroeconomic data mainly comes from the National Bureau of Statistics, International Economic Research Organization; industry statistical data mainly come from industry associations; company data mainly comes from interviews, public information collection, third-party reliable databases, and price data mainly comes from various markets monitoring database.

Global Key Manufacturers of Cresylic Acid Include:

Sasol

Dakota Gasification Company

DEZA

Rain Carbon (RUTGERS)

Mitsui Chemicals

Atul

Lanxess

SABIC

Asahi Kasei

SI Group

VDH Chem Tech

SHIV SHAKTI

TNJ Chemical

Nanjing Ningkang Chemical

Deepak Novochem Technologies

JFE Chemical Corporation

Nippon Steel and Sumikin Chemical

Juye Runjia Chemical

Dorf Ketal Chemicals

Changzhou Junchi Chemical

Changzhou City Teng Yang Chemical

Shanghai FeiGe Chemical

Chengjiang Pharmaceutical Science and Technology

Cresylic Acid Product Segment Include:

Two-Component Cresylic Acid

Three-Component Cresylic Acid

Multi-Component Cresylic Acid

Cresylic Acid Product Application Include:

Resins & Plastics

Electronics

Chemical

Others

Chapter Scope

Chapter 1: Product Research Range, Product Types and Applications, Market Overview, Market Situation and Trends

Chapter 2: Global Cresylic Acid Capacity and Production Analysis

Chapter 3: Global Cresylic Acid Industry PESTEL Analysis

Chapter 4: Global Cresylic Acid Industry Porter's Five Forces Analysis

Chapter 5: Global Cresylic Acid Major Regional Market Size (Revenue, Sales, Price) and Forecast Analysis

Chapter 6: Global Cresylic Acid Market Size and Forecast by Type and Application Analysis

Chapter 7: North America Cresylic Acid Competitive Analysis (Market Size, Key Players and Market Share, Product Type and Application Segment Analysis, Countries Analysis)

Chapter 8: Europe Cresylic Acid Competitive Analysis (Market Size, Key Players and Market Share, Product Type and Application Segment Analysis, Countries Analysis)

Chapter 9: China Cresylic Acid Competitive Analysis (Market Size, Key Players and Market Share, Product Type and Application Segment Analysis, Countries Analysis)

Chapter 10: APAC (Excl. China) Cresylic Acid Competitive Analysis (Market Size, Key Players and Market Share, Product Type and Application Segment Analysis, Countries Analysis)

Chapter 11: Latin America Cresylic Acid Competitive Analysis (Market Size, Key Players and Market Share, Product Type and Application Segment Analysis, Countries Analysis)

Chapter 12: Middle East and Africa Cresylic Acid Competitive Analysis (Market Size, Key Players and Market Share, Product Type and Application Segment Analysis, Countries Analysis)

Chapter 13: Global Cresylic Acid Competitive Analysis of Key Manufacturers (Sales, Revenue, Market Share, Price, Regional Distribution and Industry Concentration)

Chapter 14: Key Company Profiles (Product Portfolio, Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin)

Chapter 15: Industrial Chain Analysis, Include Raw Material Suppliers, Distributors and Customers

Chapter 16: Research Findings and Conclusion

Chapter 17: Methodology and Data Sources

1 Cresylic Acid Market Overview: 1.1 Product Definition and Statistical Scope; 1.2 Cresylic Acid Product by Type; 1.2.1 Two-Component Cresylic Acid; 1.2.2 Three-Component Cresylic Acid; 1.2.3 Multi-Component Cresylic Acid; 1.3 Cresylic Acid Product by Application; 1.3.1 Resins & Plastics; 1.3.2 Electronics; 1.3.3 Chemical; 1.3.4 Others; 1.4 Global Cresylic Acid Market Revenue and Sales Analysis; 1.4.1 Global Cresylic Acid Revenue Market Size Analysis (2020-2032); 1.4.2 Global Cresylic Acid Sales Market Size Analysis (2020-2032); 1.4.3 Global Cresylic Acid Market Sales Price Trend Analysis (2020-2032); 1.5 Cresylic Acid Industry Trends and Innovation; 1.5.1 Cresylic Acid Industry Trends and Innovation; 1.5.2 Cresylic Acid Market Drivers and Challenges
2 Global Cresylic Acid Capacity and Production Analysis: 2.1 Global Cresylic Acid Capacity, Production and Utilization (2020-2032); 2.2 Global Cresylic Acid Production Growth Trend by Region: 2024 VS 2025 VS 2030; 2.3 Global Cresylic Acid Production by Region; 2.3.1 Global Cresylic Acid Production by Region (2020-2025); 2.3.2 Global Cresylic Acid Production Forecast by Region (2026-2032); 2.3.3 Global Cresylic Acid Production Market Share by Region (2020-2032)
3 Cresylic Acid Market PESTEL Analysis: 3.1 Political Factors Analysis; 3.2 Economic Factors Analysis; 3.3 Social Factors Analysis; 3.4 Technological Factors Analysis; 3.5 Environmental Factors Analysis; 3.6 Legal Factors Analysis
4 Cresylic Acid Market Porter's Five Forces Analysis: 4.1 Competitive Rivalry; 4.2 Threat of New Entrants; 4.3 Bargaining Power of Suppliers; 4.4 Bargaining Power of Buyers; 4.5 Threat of Substitutes
5 Global Cresylic Acid Market Analysis by Regions: 5.1 Cresylic Acid Overall Market: 2024 VS 2025 VS 2032; 5.2 Global Cresylic Acid Revenue and Forecast Analysis (2020-2032); 5.2.1 Global Cresylic Acid Revenue and Market Share by Region (2020-2025); 5.2.2 Global Cresylic Acid Revenue and Market Forecast by Region (2026-2032); 5.3 Global Cresylic Acid Sales and Forecast Analysis (2020-2032); 5.3.1 Global Cresylic Acid Sales and Market Share by Region (2020-2025); 5.3.2 Global Cresylic Acid Sales and Market Forecast by Region (2026-2032); 5.4 Global Cresylic Acid Sales Price Trend Analysis (2020-2032)
6 Global Cresylic Acid Market Size by Type and Application: 6.1 Global Cresylic Acid Market Size by Type; 6.1.1 Global Cresylic Acid Revenue and Forecast Analysis by Type (2020-2032); 6.1.2 Global Cresylic Acid Sales and Forecast Analysis by Type (2020-2032); 6.2 Global Cresylic Acid Market Size by Application; 6.2.1 Global Cresylic Acid Revenue and Forecast Analysis by Application (2020-2032); 6.2.2 Global Cresylic Acid Sales and Forecast Analysis by Application (2020-2032)
7 North America: 7.1 North America Cresylic Acid Market Size and Growth Rate Analysis (2020-2032); 7.2 North America Key Manufacturers Analysis; 7.3 North America Cresylic Acid Market Size by Type; 7.3.1 North America Cresylic Acid Sales by Type (2020-2032); 7.3.2 North America Cresylic Acid Revenue by Type (2020-2032); 7.4 North America Cresylic Acid Market Size by Application; 7.4.1 North America Cresylic Acid Sales by Application (2020-2032); 7.4.2 North America Cresylic Acid Revenue by Application (2020-2032); 7.5 North America Cresylic Acid Market Size by Country; 7.5.1 US; 7.5.2 Canada
8 Europe: 8.1 Europe Cresylic Acid Market Size and Growth Rate Analysis (2020-2032); 8.2 Europe Key Manufacturers Analysis; 8.3 Europe Cresylic Acid Market Size by Type; 8.3.1 Europe Cresylic Acid Sales by Type (2020-2032); 8.3.2 Europe Cresylic Acid Revenue by Type (2020-2032); 8.4 Europe Cresylic Acid Market Size by Application; 8.4.1 Europe Cresylic Acid Sales by Application (2020-2032); 8.4.2 Europe Cresylic Acid Revenue by Application (2020-2032); 8.5 Europe Cresylic Acid Market Size by Country; 8.5.1 Germany; 8.5.2 France; 8.5.3 United Kingdom; 8.5.4 Italy; 8.5.5 Spain; 8.5.6 Benelux
9 China: 9.1 China Cresylic Acid Market Size and Growth Rate Analysis (2020-2032); 9.2 China Key Manufacturers Analysis; 9.3 China Cresylic Acid Market Size by Type; 9.3.1 China Cresylic Acid Sales by Type (2020-2032); 9.3.2 China Cresylic Acid Revenue by Type (2020-2032); 9.4 China Cresylic Acid Market Size by Application; 9.4.1 China Cresylic Acid Sales by Application (2020-2032); 9.4.2 China Cresylic Acid Revenue by Application (2020-2032)
10 APAC (excl. China): 10.1 APAC (excl. China) Cresylic Acid Market Size and Growth Rate Analysis (2020-2032); 10.2 APAC (excl. China) Key Manufacturers Analysis; 10.3 APAC (excl. China) Cresylic Acid Market Size by Type; 10.3.1 APAC (excl. China) Cresylic Acid Sales by Type (2020-2032); 10.3.2 APAC (excl. China) Cresylic Acid Revenue by Type (2020-2032); 10.4 APAC (excl. China) Cresylic Acid Market Size by Application; 10.4.1 APAC (excl. China) Cresylic Acid Sales by Application (2020-2032); 10.4.2 APAC (excl. China) Cresylic Acid Revenue by Application (2020-2032); 10.5 APAC (excl. China) Cresylic Acid Market Size by Country; 10.5.1 Japan; 10.5.2 South Korea; 10.5.3 India; 10.5.4 Australia; 10.5.5 Southeast Asia
11 Latin America: 11.1 Latin America Cresylic Acid Market Size and Growth Rate Analysis (2020-2032); 11.2 Latin America Key Manufacturers Analysis; 1`.3 Latin America Cresylic Acid Market Size by Type; 11.3.1 Latin America Cresylic Acid Sales by Type (2020-2032); 11.3.2 Latin America Cresylic Acid Revenue by Type (2020-2032); 11.4 Latin America Cresylic Acid Market Size by Application; 11.4.1 Latin America Cresylic Acid Sales by Application (2020-2032); 11.4.2 Latin America Cresylic Acid Revenue by Application (2020-2032); 11.5 Latin America Cresylic Acid Market Size by Country; 11.6 Latin America Cresylic Acid Market Size by Country; 11.6.1 Mexico; 11.6.2 Brazil
12 Middle East & Africa: 12.1 Middle East & Africa Cresylic Acid Market Size and Growth Rate Analysis (2020-2032); 12.2 Middle East & Africa Key Manufacturers Analysis; 12.3 Middle East & Africa Cresylic Acid Market Size by Type; 12.3.1 Middle East & Africa Cresylic Acid Sales by Type (2020-2032); 12.3.2 Middle East & Africa Cresylic Acid Revenue by Type (2020-2032); 12.4 Middle East & Africa Cresylic Acid Market Size by Application; 12.4.1 Middle East & Africa Cresylic Acid Sales by Application (2020-2032); 12.4.2 Middle East & Africa Cresylic Acid Revenue by Application (2020-2032); 12.5 Middle East Cresylic Acid Market Size by Country; 12.5.1 Saudi Arabia; 12.5.2 South Africa
13 Competition by Manufacturers: 13.1 Global Cresylic Acid Market Sales, Revenue and Price by Key Manufacturers (2021-2025); 13.1.1 Global Cresylic Acid Market Sales by Key Manufacturers (2021-2025); 13.1.2 Global Cresylic Acid Market Revenue by Key Manufacturers (2021-2025); 13.1.3 Global Cresylic Acid Average Sales Price by Manufacturers (2021-2025); 13.2 Cresylic Acid Competitive Landscape Analysis and Market Dynamic; 13.2.1 Cresylic Acid Competitive Landscape Analysis; 13.2.2 Global Key Manufacturers Headquarter Location and Key Area Sales; 13.2.3 Market Dynamic
14 Key Companies Analysis: 14.1 Sasol; 14.1.1 Sasol Basic Company Profile (Employees, Areas Service, Competitors and Contact Information); 14.1.2 Sasol Cresylic Acid Product Portfolio; 14.1.3 Sasol Cresylic Acid Market Data Analysis (Revenue, Sales, Price, Gross Margin and Market Share) (2021-2025); 14.2 Dakota Gasification Company; 14.2.1 Dakota Gasification Company Basic Company Profile (Employees, Areas Service, Competitors and Contact Information); 14.2.2 Dakota Gasification Company Cresylic Acid Product Portfolio; 14.2.3 Dakota Gasification Company Cresylic Acid Market Data Analysis (Revenue, Sales, Price, Gross Margin and Market Share) (2021-2025); 14.3 DEZA; 14.3.1 DEZA Basic Company Profile (Employees, Areas Service, Competitors and Contact Information); 14.3.2 DEZA Cresylic Acid Product Portfolio; 14.3.3 DEZA Cresylic Acid Market Data Analysis (Revenue, Sales, Price, Gross Margin and Market Share) (2021-2025); 14.4 Rain Carbon (RUTGERS); 14.4.1 Rain Carbon (RUTGERS) Basic Company Profile (Employees, Areas Service, Competitors and Contact Information); 14.4.2 Rain Carbon (RUTGERS) Cresylic Acid Product Portfolio; 14.4.3 Rain Carbon (RUTGERS) Cresylic Acid Market Data Analysis (Revenue, Sales, Price, Gross Margin and Market Share) (2021-2025); 14.5 Mitsui Chemicals; 14.5.1 Mitsui Chemicals Basic Company Profile (Employees, Areas Service, Competitors and Contact Information); 14.5.2 Mitsui Chemicals Cresylic Acid Product Portfolio; 14.5.3 Mitsui Chemicals Cresylic Acid Market Data Analysis (Revenue, Sales, Price, Gross Margin and Market Share) (2021-2025); 14.6 Atul; 14.6.1 Atul Basic Company Profile (Employees, Areas Service, Competitors and Contact Information); 14.6.2 Atul Cresylic Acid Product Portfolio; 14.6.3 Atul Cresylic Acid Market Data Analysis (Revenue, Sales, Price, Gross Margin and Market Share) (2021-2025); 14.7 Lanxess; 14.7.1 Lanxess Basic Company Profile (Employees, Areas Service, Competitors and Contact Information); 14.7.2 Lanxess Cresylic Acid Product Portfolio; 14.7.3 Lanxess Cresylic Acid Market Data Analysis (Revenue, Sales, Price, Gross Margin and Market Share) (2021-2025); 14.8 SABIC; 14.8.1 SABIC Basic Company Profile (Employees, Areas Service, Competitors and Contact Information); 14.8.2 SABIC Cresylic Acid Product Portfolio; 14.8.3 SABIC Cresylic Acid Market Data Analysis (Revenue, Sales, Price, Gross Margin and Market Share) (2021-2025); 14.9 Asahi Kasei; 14.9.1 Asahi Kasei Basic Company Profile (Employees, Areas Service, Competitors and Contact Information); 14.9.2 Asahi Kasei Cresylic Acid Product Portfolio; 14.9.3 Asahi Kasei Cresylic Acid Market Data Analysis (Revenue, Sales, Price, Gross Margin and Market Share) (2021-2025); 14.10 SI Group; 14.10.1 SI Group Basic Company Profile (Employees, Areas Service, Competitors and Contact Information); 14.10.2 SI Group Cresylic Acid Product Portfolio; 14.10.3 SI Group Cresylic Acid Market Data Analysis (Revenue, Sales, Price, Gross Margin and Market Share) (2021-2025); 14.11 VDH Chem Tech; 14.11.1 VDH Chem Tech Basic Company Profile (Employees, Areas Service, Competitors and Contact Information); 14.11.2 VDH Chem Tech Cresylic Acid Product Portfolio; 14.11.3 VDH Chem Tech Cresylic Acid Market Data Analysis (Revenue, Sales, Price, Gross Margin and Market Share) (2021-2025); 14.12 SHIV SHAKTI; 14.12.1 SHIV SHAKTI Basic Company Profile (Employees, Areas Service, Competitors and Contact Information); 14.12.2 SHIV SHAKTI Cresylic Acid Product Portfolio; 14.12.3 SHIV SHAKTI Cresylic Acid Market Data Analysis (Revenue, Sales, Price, Gross Margin and Market Share) (2021-2025); 14.13 TNJ Chemical; 14.13.1 TNJ Chemical Basic Company Profile (Employees, Areas Service, Competitors and Contact Information); 14.13.2 TNJ Chemical Cresylic Acid Product Portfolio; 14.13.3 TNJ Chemical Cresylic Acid Market Data Analysis (Revenue, Sales, Price, Gross Margin and Market Share) (2021-2025); 14.14 Nanjing Ningkang Chemical; 14.14.1 Nanjing Ningkang Chemical Basic Company Profile (Employees, Areas Service, Competitors and Contact Information); 14.14.2 Nanjing Ningkang Chemical Cresylic Acid Product Portfolio; 14.14.3 Nanjing Ningkang Chemical Cresylic Acid Market Data Analysis (Revenue, Sales, Price, Gross Margin and Market Share) (2021-2025); 14.15 Deepak Novochem Technologies; 14.15.1 Deepak Novochem Technologies Basic Company Profile (Employees, Areas Service, Competitors and Contact Information); 14.15.2 Deepak Novochem Technologies Cresylic Acid Product Portfolio; 14.15.3 Deepak Novochem Technologies Cresylic Acid Market Data Analysis (Revenue, Sales, Price, Gross Margin and Market Share) (2021-2025); 14.16 JFE Chemical Corporation; 14.16.1 JFE Chemical Corporation Basic Company Profile (Employees, Areas Service, Competitors and Contact Information); 14.16.2 JFE Chemical Corporation Cresylic Acid Product Portfolio; 14.16.3 JFE Chemical Corporation Cresylic Acid Market Data Analysis (Revenue, Sales, Price, Gross Margin and Market Share) (2021-2025); 14.17 Nippon Steel and Sumikin Chemical; 14.17.1 Nippon Steel and Sumikin Chemical Basic Company Profile (Employees, Areas Service, Competitors and Contact Information); 14.17.2 Nippon Steel and Sumikin Chemical Cresylic Acid Product Portfolio; 14.17.3 Nippon Steel and Sumikin Chemical Cresylic Acid Market Data Analysis (Revenue, Sales, Price, Gross Margin and Market Share) (2021-2025); 14.18 Juye Runjia Chemical; 14.18.1 Juye Runjia Chemical Basic Company Profile (Employees, Areas Service, Competitors and Contact Information); 14.18.2 Juye Runjia Chemical Cresylic Acid Product Portfolio; 14.18.3 Juye Runjia Chemical Cresylic Acid Market Data Analysis (Revenue, Sales, Price, Gross Margin and Market Share) (2021-2025); 14.19 Dorf Ketal Chemicals; 14.19.1 Dorf Ketal Chemicals Basic Company Profile (Employees, Areas Service, Competitors and Contact Information); 14.19.2 Dorf Ketal Chemicals Cresylic Acid Product Portfolio; 14.19.3 Dorf Ketal Chemicals Cresylic Acid Market Data Analysis (Revenue, Sales, Price, Gross Margin and Market Share) (2021-2025); 14.20 Changzhou Junchi Chemical; 14.20.1 Changzhou Junchi Chemical Basic Company Profile (Employees, Areas Service, Competitors and Contact Information); 14.20.2 Changzhou Junchi Chemical Cresylic Acid Product Portfolio; 14.20.3 Changzhou Junchi Chemical Cresylic Acid Market Data Analysis (Revenue, Sales, Price, Gross Margin and Market Share) (2021-2025); 14.21 Changzhou City Teng Yang Chemical; 14.21.1 Changzhou City Teng Yang Chemical Basic Company Profile (Employees, Areas Service, Competitors and Contact Information); 14.21.2 Changzhou City Teng Yang Chemical Cresylic Acid Product Portfolio; 14.21.3 Changzhou City Teng Yang Chemical Cresylic Acid Market Data Analysis (Revenue, Sales, Price, Gross Margin and Market Share) (2021-2025); 14.22 Shanghai FeiGe Chemical; 14.22.1 Shanghai FeiGe Chemical Basic Company Profile (Employees, Areas Service, Competitors and Contact Information); 14.22.2 Shanghai FeiGe Chemical Cresylic Acid Product Portfolio; 14.22.3 Shanghai FeiGe Chemical Cresylic Acid Market Data Analysis (Revenue, Sales, Price, Gross Margin and Market Share) (2021-2025); 14.23 Chengjiang Pharmaceutical Science and Technology; 14.23.1 Chengjiang Pharmaceutical Science and Technology Basic Company Profile (Employees, Areas Service, Competitors and Contact Information); 14.23.2 Chengjiang Pharmaceutical Science and Technology Cresylic Acid Product Portfolio; 14.23.3 Chengjiang Pharmaceutical Science and Technology Cresylic Acid Market Data Analysis (Revenue, Sales, Price, Gross Margin and Market Share) (2021-2025)
15 Industry Chain Analysis: 15.1 Cresylic Acid Industry Chain Analysis; 15.2 Cresylic Acid Industry Raw Material and Suppliers Analysis; 15.2.1 Cresylic Acid Key Raw Material Supply Analysis; 15.2.2 Raw Material Suppliers and Contact Information; 15.3 Cresylic Acid Typical Downstream Customers; 15.4 Cresylic Acid Sales Channel Analysis
16 Research Findings and Conclusion
17 Methodology and Data Source: 17.1 Methodology/Research Approach; 17.2 Research Scope; 17.3 Benchmarks and Assumptions; 17.4 Date Source; 17.4.1 Primary Sources; 17.4.2 Secondary Sources; 17.5 Data Cross Validation; 17.6 Disclaimer