Global Cheese Competitive Landscape Professional Research Report 2024

Best Price Guarantee	Length	Publisher	Published Date	SKU
from $3,500	170 Pages	DIResearch	June, 2024	DIR18885030

Best Price Guarantee
Price	from $3,500
Length	170 Pages
Publisher	DIResearch
Published Date	June, 2024
SKU	DIR18885030

Global Cheese Competitive Landscape Professional Research Report 2024

Research Summary

Cheese is a dairy product made from the curdled milk of various animals, most commonly cows, goats, and sheep. The cheese-making process involves coagulating milk using enzymes or acid, separating the solid curds from the liquid whey, and then shaping, pressing, and aging the curds to develop its distinctive flavor and texture. There are numerous types of cheese, each characterized by unique tastes, textures, and aromas, ranging from soft and creamy varieties like Brie and Camembert to hard and aged cheeses like Cheddar, Parmesan, and Gouda. Cheese is a versatile ingredient used in a wide range of culinary applications, from savory dishes like pizza and pasta to sweet treats like cheesecake. It is a significant part of various cuisines worldwide and has been enjoyed for centuries, making it a beloved and essential component of many culinary traditions.

According to DIResearch's in-depth investigation and research, the global Cheese market size will reach XX US$ Million in 2024, and is expected to reach XX US$ Million in 2030, with a CAGR of XX% (2025-2030). Among them, the China market has changed rapidly in the past few years. The market size in 2024 will be XX US$ Million, accounting for approximately XX% of the world. It is expected to reach XX US$ Million in 2030, and the global share will reach XX%.

The major global manufacturers of Cheese include Arla Foods, Bongrain, Devondale Murray Goulburn, Fonterra, Leprino Foods, Friesland Campina, Groupe Lactalis, Almarai, Calabro Cheese Corporation, Bega Cheese, Bletsoe Cheese, Brunkow Cheese Factory, Burnett Dairy, Cady Cheese Factory, Dupont Cheese, Emmi, Hook＇S Cheese Company, Kraft, Mother Dairy, Parag Milk Foods, Saputo, Sargento Foods, Beijing Sanyuan, Yili, Mengniu Dairy, Bright Dairy, Inner Mongolia Licheng, Knight Dairy, Shandong Tianjiao Biotech etc. The global players competition landscape in this report is divided into three tiers. The first tiers is the global leading enterprise, which occupies a major market share, is in a leading position in the industry, has strong competitiveness and influence, and has a large revenue scale; the second tiers has a certain share and popularity in the market, actively follows the industry leaders in product, service or technological innovation, and has a medium revenue scale; the third tiers has a smaller share in the market, has a lower brand awareness, mainly focuses on the local market, and has a relatively small revenue scale.

This report studies the market size, price trends and future development prospects of Cheese. Focus on analysing the market share, product portfolio, prices, sales volume, revenue and gross profit margin of global major manufacturers, as well as the market status and trends of different product types and applications in the global Cheese market. The report data covers historical data from 2019 to 2023, based year in 2024 and forecast data from 2025 to 2030.

The regions and countries in the report include North America, Europe, China, APAC (excl. China), Latin America and Middle East and Africa, covering the Cheese market conditions and future development trends of key regions and countries, combined with industry-related policies and the latest technological developments, analyze the development characteristics of Cheese industries in various regions and countries, help companies understand the development characteristics of each region, help companies formulate business strategies, and achieve the ultimate goal of the company's global development strategy.

The data sources of this report mainly include the National Bureau of Statistics, customs databases, industry associations, corporate financial reports, third-party databases, etc. Among them, macroeconomic data mainly comes from the National Bureau of Statistics, International Economic Research Organization; industry statistical data mainly come from industry associations; company data mainly comes from interviews, public information collection, third-party reliable databases, and price data mainly comes from various markets monitoring database.

Global Key Manufacturers of Cheese Include:

Arla Foods

Bongrain

Devondale Murray Goulburn

Fonterra

Leprino Foods

Friesland Campina

Groupe Lactalis

Almarai

Calabro Cheese Corporation

Bega Cheese

Bletsoe Cheese

Brunkow Cheese Factory

Burnett Dairy

Cady Cheese Factory

Dupont Cheese

Emmi

Hook＇S Cheese Company

Kraft

Mother Dairy

Parag Milk Foods

Saputo

Sargento Foods

Beijing Sanyuan

Yili

Mengniu Dairy

Bright Dairy

Inner Mongolia Licheng

Knight Dairy

Shandong Tianjiao Biotech

Cheese Product Segment Include:

Soft Cheese

Semi-soft Cheese

Medium-hard Cheese

Hard Cheese

Cheese Product Application Include:

Bakery & Confectionery

Sweet & Savory Snacks

Sauces, Dressings, Dips and Condiments

Ready Meals

Others

Chapter Scope

Chapter 1: Product Research Range, Product Types and Applications, Market Overview, Market Situation and Trends

Chapter 2: Global Cheese Industry PESTEL Analysis

Chapter 3: Global Cheese Industry Porter’s Five Forces Analysis

Chapter 4: Global Cheese Major Regional Market Size (Revenue, Sales, Price) and Forecast Analysis

Chapter 5: Global Cheese Market Size and Forecast by Type and Application Analysis

Chapter 6: North America Cheese Competitive Analysis (Market Size, Key Players and Market Share, Product Type and Application Segment Analysis, Countries Analysis)

Chapter 7: Europe Cheese Competitive Analysis (Market Size, Key Players and Market Share, Product Type and Application Segment Analysis, Countries Analysis)

Chapter 8: China Cheese Competitive Analysis (Market Size, Key Players and Market Share, Product Type and Application Segment Analysis, Countries Analysis)

Chapter 9: APAC (Excl. China) Cheese Competitive Analysis (Market Size, Key Players and Market Share, Product Type and Application Segment Analysis, Countries Analysis)

Chapter 10: Latin America Cheese Competitive Analysis (Market Size, Key Players and Market Share, Product Type and Application Segment Analysis, Countries Analysis)

Chapter 11: Middle East and Africa Cheese Competitive Analysis (Market Size, Key Players and Market Share, Product Type and Application Segment Analysis, Countries Analysis)

Chapter 12: Global Cheese Competitive Analysis of Key Manufacturers (Sales, Revenue, Market Share, Price, Regional Distribution and Industry Concentration)

Chapter 13: Key Company Profiles (Product Portfolio, Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin)

Chapter 14: Industrial Chain Analysis, Include Raw Material Suppliers, Distributors and Customers

Chapter 15: Research Findings and Conclusion

Chapter 16: Methodology and Data Sources

1 Cheese Market Overview: 1.1 Product Definition and Statistical Scope; 1.2 Cheese Product by Type; 1.2.1 Global Cheese Market Size by Type, 2023 VS 2024 VS 2030; 1.2.2 Soft Cheese; 1.2.3 Semi-soft Cheese; 1.2.4 Medium-hard Cheese; 1.2.5 Hard Cheese; 1.3 Cheese Product by Application; 1.3.1 Global Cheese Market Size by Application, 2023 VS 2024 VS 2030; 1.3.2 Bakery & Confectionery; 1.3.3 Sweet & Savory Snacks; 1.3.4 Sauces, Dressings, Dips and Condiments; 1.3.5 Ready Meals; 1.3.6 Others; 1.4 Global Cheese Market Revenue and Sales Analysis; 1.4.1 Global Cheese Market Size Analysis (2019-2030); 1.4.2 Global Cheese Market Sales Analysis (2019-2030); 1.4.3 Global Cheese Market Sales Price Trend Analysis (2019-2030); 1.5 Cheese Market Development Status and Trends; 1.5.1 Cheese Industry Development Status Analysis; 1.5.2 Cheese Industry Development Trends Analysis
2 Cheese Market PESTEL Analysis: 2.1 Political Factors Analysis; 2.2 Economic Factors Analysis; 2.3 Social Factors Analysis; 2.4 Technological Factors Analysis; 2.5 Environmental Factors Analysis; 2.6 Legal Factors Analysis
3 Cheese Market Porter's Five Forces Analysis: 3.1 Competitive Rivalry; 3.2 Threat of New Entrants; 3.3 Bargaining Power of Suppliers; 3.4 Bargaining Power of Buyers; 3.5 Threat of Substitutes
4 Global Cheese Market Analysis by Regions: 4.1 Cheese Overall Market: 2023 VS 2024 VS 2030; 4.2 Global Cheese Revenue and Forecast Analysis (2019-2030); 4.2.1 Global Cheese Revenue and Market Share by Region (2019-2024); 4.2.2 Global Cheese Revenue Forecast by Region (2025-2030); 4.3 Global Cheese Sales and Forecast Analysis (2019-2030); 4.3.1 Global Cheese Sales and Market Share by Region (2019-2024); 4.3.2 Global Cheese Sales Forecast by Region (2025-2030); 4.4 Global Cheese Sales Price Trend Analysis (2019-2030)
5 Global Cheese Market Size by Type and Application: 5.1 Global Cheese Market Size by Type; 5.1.1 Global Cheese Revenue and Forecast Analysis by Type (2019-2030); 5.1.2 Global Cheese Sales and Forecast Analysis by Type (2019-2030); 5.2 Global Cheese Market Size by Application; 5.2.1 Global Cheese Revenue and Forecast Analysis by Application (2019-2030); 5.2.2 Global Cheese Sales and Forecast Analysis by Application (2019-2030)
6 North America: 6.1 North America Cheese Market Size and Growth Rate Analysis (2019-2030); 6.2 North America Key Manufacturers Analysis; 6.3 North America Cheese Market Size by Type; 6.3.1 North America Cheese Sales by Type (2019-2030); 6.3.2 North America Cheese Revenue by Type (2019-2030); 6.4 North America Cheese Market Size by Application; 6.4.1 North America Cheese Sales by Application (2019-2030); 6.4.2 North America Cheese Revenue by Application (2019-2030); 6.5 North America Cheese Market Size by Country; 6.5.1 US; 6.5.2 Canada
7 Europe: 7.1 Europe Cheese Market Size and Growth Rate Analysis (2019-2030); 7.2 Europe Key Manufacturers Analysis; 7.3 Europe Cheese Market Size by Type; 7.3.1 Europe Cheese Sales by Type (2019-2030); 7.3.2 Europe Cheese Revenue by Type (2019-2030); 7.4 Europe Cheese Market Size by Application; 7.4.1 Europe Cheese Sales by Application (2019-2030); 7.4.2 Europe Cheese Revenue by Application (2019-2030); 7.5 Europe Cheese Market Size by Country; 7.5.1 Germany; 7.5.2 France; 7.5.3 United Kingdom; 7.5.4 Italy; 7.5.5 Spain; 7.5.6 Benelux
8 China: 8.1 China Cheese Market Size and Growth Rate Analysis (2019-2030); 8.2 China Key Manufacturers Analysis; 8.3 China Cheese Market Size by Type; 8.3.1 China Cheese Sales by Type (2019-2030); 8.3.2 China Cheese Revenue by Type (2019-2030); 8.4 China Cheese Market Size by Application; 8.4.1 China Cheese Sales by Application (2019-2030); 8.4.2 China Cheese Revenue by Application (2019-2030)
9 APAC (excl. China): 9.1 APAC (excl. China) Cheese Market Size and Growth Rate Analysis (2019-2030); 9.2 APAC (excl. China) Key Manufacturers Analysis; 9.3 APAC (excl. China) Cheese Market Size by Type; 9.3.1 APAC (excl. China) Cheese Sales by Type (2019-2030); 9.3.2 APAC (excl. China) Cheese Revenue by Type (2019-2030); 9.4 APAC (excl. China) Cheese Market Size by Application; 9.4.1 APAC (excl. China) Cheese Sales by Application (2019-2030); 9.4.2 APAC (excl. China) Cheese Revenue by Application (2019-2030); 9.5 APAC (excl. China) Cheese Market Size by Country; 9.5.1 Japan; 9.5.2 South Korea; 9.5.3 India; 9.5.4 Australia; 9.5.5 Indonesia; 9.5.6 Vietnam; 9.5.7 Malaysia; 9.5.8 Thailand
10 Latin America: 10.1 Latin America Cheese Market Size and Growth Rate Analysis (2019-2030); 10.2 Latin America Key Manufacturers Analysis; 10.3 Latin America Cheese Market Size by Type; 10.3.1 Latin America Cheese Sales by Type (2019-2030); 10.3.2 Latin America Cheese Revenue by Type (2019-2030); 10.4 Latin America Cheese Market Size by Application; 10.4.1 Latin America Cheese Sales by Application (2019-2030); 10.4.2 Latin America Cheese Revenue by Application (2019-2030); 10.5 Latin America Cheese Market Size by Country; 10.5.1 Mexico; 10.5.2 Brazil
11 Middle East & Africa: 11.1 Middle East & Africa Cheese Market Size and Growth Rate Analysis (2019-2030); 11.2 Middle East & Africa Key Manufacturers Analysis; 11.3 Middle East & Africa Cheese Market Size by Type; 11.3.1 Middle East & Africa Cheese Sales by Type (2019-2030); 11.3.2 Middle East & Africa Cheese Revenue by Type (2019-2030); 11.4 Middle East & Africa Cheese Market Size by Application; 11.4.1 Middle East & Africa Cheese Sales by Application (2019-2030); 11.4.2 Middle East & Africa Cheese Revenue by Application (2019-2030); 11.5 Middle East & Africa Cheese Market Size by Country; 11.5.1 Saudi Arabia; 11.5.2 South Africa
12 Competition by Manufacturers: 12.1 Global Cheese Market Sales, Revenue and Price by Key Manufacturers (2020-2024); 12.1.1 Global Cheese Market Sales by Key Manufacturers (2020-2024); 12.1.2 Global Cheese Market Revenue by Key Manufacturers (2020-2024); 12.1.3 Global Cheese Average Sales Price by Manufacturers (2020-2024); 12.2 Cheese Competitive Landscape Analysis and Market Dynamic; 12.2.1 Cheese Competitive Landscape Analysis; 12.2.2 Global Key Manufacturers Headquarter Location and Key Area Sales; 12.2.3 Market Dynamic
13 Key Companies Analysis: 13.1 Arla Foods; 13.1.1 Arla Foods Basic Company Profile (Employees, Areas Service, Competitors and Contact Information); 13.1.2 Arla Foods Cheese Product Portfolio; 13.1.3 Arla Foods Cheese Market Data Analysis (Revenue, Sales, Price, Gross Margin and Market Share) (2020-2024); 13.2 Bongrain; 13.2.1 Bongrain Basic Company Profile (Employees, Areas Service, Competitors and Contact Information); 13.2.2 Bongrain Cheese Product Portfolio; 13.2.3 Bongrain Cheese Market Data Analysis (Revenue, Sales, Price, Gross Margin and Market Share) (2020-2024); 13.3 Devondale Murray Goulburn; 13.3.1 Devondale Murray Goulburn Basic Company Profile (Employees, Areas Service, Competitors and Contact Information); 13.3.2 Devondale Murray Goulburn Cheese Product Portfolio; 13.3.3 Devondale Murray Goulburn Cheese Market Data Analysis (Revenue, Sales, Price, Gross Margin and Market Share) (2020-2024); 13.4 Fonterra; 13.4.1 Fonterra Basic Company Profile (Employees, Areas Service, Competitors and Contact Information); 13.4.2 Fonterra Cheese Product Portfolio; 13.4.3 Fonterra Cheese Market Data Analysis (Revenue, Sales, Price, Gross Margin and Market Share) (2020-2024); 13.5 Leprino Foods; 13.5.1 Leprino Foods Basic Company Profile (Employees, Areas Service, Competitors and Contact Information); 13.5.2 Leprino Foods Cheese Product Portfolio; 13.5.3 Leprino Foods Cheese Market Data Analysis (Revenue, Sales, Price, Gross Margin and Market Share) (2020-2024); 13.6 Friesland Campina; 13.6.1 Friesland Campina Basic Company Profile (Employees, Areas Service, Competitors and Contact Information); 13.6.2 Friesland Campina Cheese Product Portfolio; 13.6.3 Friesland Campina Cheese Market Data Analysis (Revenue, Sales, Price, Gross Margin and Market Share) (2020-2024); 13.7 Groupe Lactalis; 13.7.1 Groupe Lactalis Basic Company Profile (Employees, Areas Service, Competitors and Contact Information); 13.7.2 Groupe Lactalis Cheese Product Portfolio; 13.7.3 Groupe Lactalis Cheese Market Data Analysis (Revenue, Sales, Price, Gross Margin and Market Share) (2020-2024); 13.8 Almarai; 13.8.1 Almarai Basic Company Profile (Employees, Areas Service, Competitors and Contact Information); 13.8.2 Almarai Cheese Product Portfolio; 13.8.3 Almarai Cheese Market Data Analysis (Revenue, Sales, Price, Gross Margin and Market Share) (2020-2024); 13.9 Calabro Cheese Corporation; 13.9.1 Calabro Cheese Corporation Basic Company Profile (Employees, Areas Service, Competitors and Contact Information); 13.9.2 Calabro Cheese Corporation Cheese Product Portfolio; 13.9.3 Calabro Cheese Corporation Cheese Market Data Analysis (Revenue, Sales, Price, Gross Margin and Market Share) (2020-2024); 13.10 Bega Cheese; 13.10.1 Bega Cheese Basic Company Profile (Employees, Areas Service, Competitors and Contact Information); 13.10.2 Bega Cheese Cheese Product Portfolio; 13.10.3 Bega Cheese Cheese Market Data Analysis (Revenue, Sales, Price, Gross Margin and Market Share) (2020-2024); 13.11 Bletsoe Cheese; 13.11.1 Bletsoe Cheese Basic Company Profile (Employees, Areas Service, Competitors and Contact Information); 13.11.2 Bletsoe Cheese Cheese Product Portfolio; 13.11.3 Bletsoe Cheese Cheese Market Data Analysis (Revenue, Sales, Price, Gross Margin and Market Share) (2020-2024); 13.12 Brunkow Cheese Factory; 13.12.1 Brunkow Cheese Factory Basic Company Profile (Employees, Areas Service, Competitors and Contact Information); 13.12.2 Brunkow Cheese Factory Cheese Product Portfolio; 13.12.3 Brunkow Cheese Factory Cheese Market Data Analysis (Revenue, Sales, Price, Gross Margin and Market Share) (2020-2024); 13.13 Burnett Dairy; 13.13.1 Burnett Dairy Basic Company Profile (Employees, Areas Service, Competitors and Contact Information); 13.13.2 Burnett Dairy Cheese Product Portfolio; 13.13.3 Burnett Dairy Cheese Market Data Analysis (Revenue, Sales, Price, Gross Margin and Market Share) (2020-2024); 13.14 Cady Cheese Factory; 13.14.1 Cady Cheese Factory Basic Company Profile (Employees, Areas Service, Competitors and Contact Information); 13.14.2 Cady Cheese Factory Cheese Product Portfolio; 13.14.3 Cady Cheese Factory Cheese Market Data Analysis (Revenue, Sales, Price, Gross Margin and Market Share) (2020-2024); 13.15 Dupont Cheese; 13.15.1 Dupont Cheese Basic Company Profile (Employees, Areas Service, Competitors and Contact Information); 13.15.2 Dupont Cheese Cheese Product Portfolio; 13.15.3 Dupont Cheese Cheese Market Data Analysis (Revenue, Sales, Price, Gross Margin and Market Share) (2020-2024); 13.16 Emmi; 13.16.1 Emmi Basic Company Profile (Employees, Areas Service, Competitors and Contact Information); 13.16.2 Emmi Cheese Product Portfolio; 13.16.3 Emmi Cheese Market Data Analysis (Revenue, Sales, Price, Gross Margin and Market Share) (2020-2024); 13.17 Hook＇S Cheese Company; 13.17.1 Hook＇S Cheese Company Basic Company Profile (Employees, Areas Service, Competitors and Contact Information); 13.17.2 Hook＇S Cheese Company Cheese Product Portfolio; 13.17.3 Hook＇S Cheese Company Cheese Market Data Analysis (Revenue, Sales, Price, Gross Margin and Market Share) (2020-2024); 13.18 Kraft; 13.18.1 Kraft Basic Company Profile (Employees, Areas Service, Competitors and Contact Information); 13.18.2 Kraft Cheese Product Portfolio; 13.18.3 Kraft Cheese Market Data Analysis (Revenue, Sales, Price, Gross Margin and Market Share) (2020-2024); 13.19 Mother Dairy; 13.19.1 Mother Dairy Basic Company Profile (Employees, Areas Service, Competitors and Contact Information); 13.19.2 Mother Dairy Cheese Product Portfolio; 13.19.3 Mother Dairy Cheese Market Data Analysis (Revenue, Sales, Price, Gross Margin and Market Share) (2020-2024); 13.20 Parag Milk Foods; 13.20.1 Parag Milk Foods Basic Company Profile (Employees, Areas Service, Competitors and Contact Information); 13.20.2 Parag Milk Foods Cheese Product Portfolio; 13.20.3 Parag Milk Foods Cheese Market Data Analysis (Revenue, Sales, Price, Gross Margin and Market Share) (2020-2024); 13.21 Saputo; 13.21.1 Saputo Basic Company Profile (Employees, Areas Service, Competitors and Contact Information); 13.21.2 Saputo Cheese Product Portfolio; 13.21.3 Saputo Cheese Market Data Analysis (Revenue, Sales, Price, Gross Margin and Market Share) (2020-2024); 13.22 Sargento Foods; 13.22.1 Sargento Foods Basic Company Profile (Employees, Areas Service, Competitors and Contact Information); 13.22.2 Sargento Foods Cheese Product Portfolio; 13.22.3 Sargento Foods Cheese Market Data Analysis (Revenue, Sales, Price, Gross Margin and Market Share) (2020-2024); 13.23 Beijing Sanyuan; 13.23.1 Beijing Sanyuan Basic Company Profile (Employees, Areas Service, Competitors and Contact Information); 13.23.2 Beijing Sanyuan Cheese Product Portfolio; 13.23.3 Beijing Sanyuan Cheese Market Data Analysis (Revenue, Sales, Price, Gross Margin and Market Share) (2020-2024); 13.24 Yili; 13.24.1 Yili Basic Company Profile (Employees, Areas Service, Competitors and Contact Information); 13.24.2 Yili Cheese Product Portfolio; 13.24.3 Yili Cheese Market Data Analysis (Revenue, Sales, Price, Gross Margin and Market Share) (2020-2024); 13.25 Mengniu Dairy; 13.25.1 Mengniu Dairy Basic Company Profile (Employees, Areas Service, Competitors and Contact Information); 13.25.2 Mengniu Dairy Cheese Product Portfolio; 13.25.3 Mengniu Dairy Cheese Market Data Analysis (Revenue, Sales, Price, Gross Margin and Market Share) (2020-2024); 13.26 Bright Dairy; 13.26.1 Bright Dairy Basic Company Profile (Employees, Areas Service, Competitors and Contact Information); 13.26.2 Bright Dairy Cheese Product Portfolio; 13.26.3 Bright Dairy Cheese Market Data Analysis (Revenue, Sales, Price, Gross Margin and Market Share) (2020-2024); 13.27 Inner Mongolia Licheng; 13.27.1 Inner Mongolia Licheng Basic Company Profile (Employees, Areas Service, Competitors and Contact Information); 13.27.2 Inner Mongolia Licheng Cheese Product Portfolio; 13.27.3 Inner Mongolia Licheng Cheese Market Data Analysis (Revenue, Sales, Price, Gross Margin and Market Share) (2020-2024); 13.28 Knight Dairy; 13.28.1 Knight Dairy Basic Company Profile (Employees, Areas Service, Competitors and Contact Information); 13.28.2 Knight Dairy Cheese Product Portfolio; 13.28.3 Knight Dairy Cheese Market Data Analysis (Revenue, Sales, Price, Gross Margin and Market Share) (2020-2024); 13.29 Shandong Tianjiao Biotech; 13.29.1 Shandong Tianjiao Biotech Basic Company Profile (Employees, Areas Service, Competitors and Contact Information); 13.29.2 Shandong Tianjiao Biotech Cheese Product Portfolio; 13.29.3 Shandong Tianjiao Biotech Cheese Market Data Analysis (Revenue, Sales, Price, Gross Margin and Market Share) (2020-2024)
14 Industry Chain Analysis: 14.1 Cheese Industry Chain Analysis; 14.2 Cheese Industry Upstream Supply Analysis; 14.2.1 Upstream Key Raw Material Supply Analysis; 14.2.2 Raw Material Suppliers and Contact Information; 14.3 Cheese Typical Downstream Customers; 14.4 Cheese Sales Channel Analysis
15 Research Findings and Conclusion
16 Methodology and Data Source: 16.1 Methodology/Research Approach; 16.2 Research Scope; 16.3 Benchmarks and Assumptions; 16.4 Date Source; 16.4.1 Primary Sources; 16.4.2 Secondary Sources; 16.5 Data Cross Validation; 16.6 Disclaimer