Global Calcium Fluoride Crystals Competitive Landscape Professional Research Report 2024

Global Calcium Fluoride Crystals Competitive Landscape Professional Research Report 2024



Research Summary

Calcium fluoride crystals, commonly referred to as CaF2, are transparent crystalline materials known for their excellent optical properties. With a wide transmission range extending from the ultraviolet (UV) to the infrared (IR) wavelengths, calcium fluoride is widely used in optical applications. CaF2 crystals have a high refractive index and low dispersion, making them ideal for optical components such as lenses, windows, prisms, and optical coatings. One of the key advantages of calcium fluoride is its exceptional transparency in the UV range, making it particularly valuable for UV spectroscopy, lithography, and other applications requiring high UV transmission. Additionally, CaF2 crystals exhibit low optical absorption and high resistance to mechanical and thermal shock, making them suitable for use in harsh environments. These crystals find extensive use in fields such as astronomy, aerospace, semiconductor manufacturing, and laser systems, where optical clarity, durability, and stability are essential.

According to DIResearch's in-depth investigation and research, the global Calcium Fluoride Crystals market size will reach XX US$ Million in 2024, and is expected to reach XX US$ Million in 2030, with a CAGR of XX% (2025-2030). Among them, the China market has changed rapidly in the past few years. The market size in 2024 will be XX US$ Million, accounting for approximately XX% of the world. It is expected to reach XX US$ Million in 2030, and the global share will reach XX%.

The major global manufacturers of Calcium Fluoride Crystals include Hellma Materials, Corning, Qinhuangdao Intrinsic Crystal Technology Co, Nikon, Canon, Nihon Kessho Kogaku, Korth Kristalle, BEIJING SCITLION TECHNOLOGY CORP, Alkor Technologies, JIANGSU BRIDGEMAN TECHNOLOGY CO . LTD, Shanghai Xikasi, Fujian Jingxiang, Chengdu Yasi, Beijing Xingjiang, TYDEX, Fairfield Crystal Technology, Shuoguangte Crystals, Hebei Shuoguang, CASCRYSTECH etc. The global players competition landscape in this report is divided into three tiers. The first tiers is the global leading enterprise, which occupies a major market share, is in a leading position in the industry, has strong competitiveness and influence, and has a large revenue scale; the second tiers has a certain share and popularity in the market, actively follows the industry leaders in product, service or technological innovation, and has a medium revenue scale; the third tiers has a smaller share in the market, has a lower brand awareness, mainly focuses on the local market, and has a relatively small revenue scale.

This report studies the market size, price trends and future development prospects of Calcium Fluoride Crystals. Focus on analysing the market share, product portfolio, prices, sales volume, revenue and gross profit margin of global major manufacturers, as well as the market status and trends of different product types and applications in the global Calcium Fluoride Crystals market. The report data covers historical data from 2018 to 2023, based year in 2024 and forecast data from 2025 to 2030.

The regions and countries in the report include North America, Europe, China, APAC (excl. China), Latin America and Middle East and Africa, covering the Calcium Fluoride Crystals market conditions and future development trends of key regions and countries, combined with industry-related policies and the latest technological developments, analyze the development characteristics of Calcium Fluoride Crystals industries in various regions and countries, help companies understand the development characteristics of each region, help companies formulate business strategies, and achieve the ultimate goal of the company's global development strategy.    

The data sources of this report mainly include the National Bureau of Statistics, customs databases, industry associations, corporate financial reports, third-party databases, etc. Among them, macroeconomic data mainly comes from the National Bureau of Statistics, International Economic Research Organization; industry statistical data mainly come from industry associations; company data mainly comes from interviews, public information collection, third-party reliable databases, and price data mainly comes from various markets monitoring database.

Global Key Manufacturers of Calcium Fluoride Crystals Include:

Hellma Materials

Corning

Qinhuangdao Intrinsic Crystal Technology Co

Nikon

Canon

Nihon Kessho Kogaku

Korth Kristalle

BEIJING SCITLION TECHNOLOGY CORP

Alkor Technologies

JIANGSU BRIDGEMAN TECHNOLOGY CO . LTD

Shanghai Xikasi

Fujian Jingxiang

Chengdu Yasi

Beijing Xingjiang

TYDEX

Fairfield Crystal Technology

Shuoguangte Crystals

Hebei Shuoguang

CASCRYSTECH

Calcium Fluoride Crystals Product Segment Include:

Single Crystal

Polycrystalline

Calcium Fluoride Crystals Product Application Include:

Precision optics

High energy physics and nuclear physics

Industrial testing

Military industry and defense

Others

Chapter Scope

Chapter 1: Product Research Range, Product Types and Applications, Market Overview, Market Situation and Trends

Chapter 2: Global Calcium Fluoride Crystals Capacity and Production Analysis

Chapter 3: Global Calcium Fluoride Crystals Industry PESTEL Analysis

Chapter 4: Global Calcium Fluoride Crystals Industry Porter’s Five Forces Analysis

Chapter 5: Global Calcium Fluoride Crystals Major Regional Market Size (Revenue, Sales, Price) and Forecast Analysis

Chapter 6: Global Calcium Fluoride Crystals Market Size and Forecast by Type and Application Analysis

Chapter 7: North America Calcium Fluoride Crystals Competitive Analysis (Market Size, Key Players and Market Share, Product Type and Application Segment Analysis, Countries Analysis)

Chapter 8: Europe Calcium Fluoride Crystals Competitive Analysis (Market Size, Key Players and Market Share, Product Type and Application Segment Analysis, Countries Analysis)

Chapter 9: China Calcium Fluoride Crystals Competitive Analysis (Market Size, Key Players and Market Share, Product Type and Application Segment Analysis, Countries Analysis)

Chapter 10: APAC (Excl. China) Calcium Fluoride Crystals Competitive Analysis (Market Size, Key Players and Market Share, Product Type and Application Segment Analysis, Countries Analysis)

Chapter 11: Latin America Calcium Fluoride Crystals Competitive Analysis (Market Size, Key Players and Market Share, Product Type and Application Segment Analysis, Countries Analysis)

Chapter 12: Middle East and Africa Calcium Fluoride Crystals Competitive Analysis (Market Size, Key Players and Market Share, Product Type and Application Segment Analysis, Countries Analysis)

Chapter 13: Global Calcium Fluoride Crystals Competitive Analysis of Key Manufacturers (Sales, Revenue, Market Share, Price, Regional Distribution and Industry Concentration)

Chapter 14: Key Company Profiles (Product Portfolio, Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin)

Chapter 15: Industrial Chain Analysis, Include Raw Material Suppliers, Distributors and Customers

Chapter 16: Research Findings and Conclusion

Chapter 17: Methodology and Data Sources


1 Calcium Fluoride Crystals Market Overview
1.1 Product Definition and Statistical Scope
1.2 Calcium Fluoride Crystals Product by Type
1.2.1 Global Calcium Fluoride Crystals Market Size by Type, 2023 VS 2024 VS 2030
1.2.2 Single Crystal
1.2.3 Polycrystalline
1.3 Calcium Fluoride Crystals Product by Application
1.3.1 Global Calcium Fluoride Crystals Market Size by Application, 2023 VS 2024 VS 2030
1.3.2 Precision optics
1.3.3 High energy physics and nuclear physics
1.3.4 Industrial testing
1.3.5 Military industry and defense
1.3.6 Others
1.4 Global Calcium Fluoride Crystals Market Revenue and Sales Analysis
1.4.1 Global Calcium Fluoride Crystals Market Size Analysis (2019-2030)
1.4.2 Global Calcium Fluoride Crystals Market Sales Analysis (2019-2030)
1.4.3 Global Calcium Fluoride Crystals Market Sales Price Trend Analysis (2019-2030)
1.5 Calcium Fluoride Crystals Market Development Status and Trends
1.5.1 Calcium Fluoride Crystals Industry Development Status Analysis
1.5.2 Calcium Fluoride Crystals Industry Development Trends Analysis
2 Global Calcium Fluoride Crystals Capacity and Production Analysis
2.1 Global Calcium Fluoride Crystals Production Capacity (2019-2030)
2.2 Global Calcium Fluoride Crystals Production by Region: 2023 VS 2024 VS 2030
2.3 Global Calcium Fluoride Crystals Production by Region
2.3.1 Global Calcium Fluoride Crystals Historic Production by Region (2019-2024)
2.3.2 Global Calcium Fluoride Crystals Forecasted Production by Region (2025-2030)
2.3.3 Global Calcium Fluoride Crystals Production Market Share by Region (2019-2030)
3 Calcium Fluoride Crystals Market PESTEL Analysis
3.1 Political Factors Analysis
3.2 Economic Factors Analysis
3.3 Social Factors Analysis
3.4 Technological Factors Analysis
3.5 Environmental Factors Analysis
3.6 Legal Factors Analysis
4 Calcium Fluoride Crystals Market Porter's Five Forces Analysis
4.1 Competitive Rivalry
4.2 Threat of New Entrants
4.3 Bargaining Power of Suppliers
4.4 Bargaining Power of Buyers
4.5 Threat of Substitutes
5 Global Calcium Fluoride Crystals Market Analysis by Regions
5.1 Calcium Fluoride Crystals Overall Market: 2023 VS 2024 VS 2030
5.2 Global Calcium Fluoride Crystals Revenue and Forecast Analysis (2019-2030)
5.2.1 Global Calcium Fluoride Crystals Revenue and Market Share by Region (2019-2024)
5.2.2 Global Calcium Fluoride Crystals Revenue Forecast by Region (2025-2030)
5.3 Global Calcium Fluoride Crystals Sales and Forecast Analysis (2019-2030)
5.3.1 Global Calcium Fluoride Crystals Sales and Market Share by Region (2019-2024)
5.3.2 Global Calcium Fluoride Crystals Sales Forecast by Region (2025-2030)
5.4 Global Calcium Fluoride Crystals Sales Price Trend Analysis (2019-2030)
6 Global Calcium Fluoride Crystals Market Size by Type and Application
6.1 Global Calcium Fluoride Crystals Market Size by Type
6.1.1 Global Calcium Fluoride Crystals Revenue and Forecast Analysis by Type (2019-2030)
6.1.2 Global Calcium Fluoride Crystals Sales and Forecast Analysis by Type (2019-2030)
6.2 Global Calcium Fluoride Crystals Market Size by Application
6.2.1 Global Calcium Fluoride Crystals Revenue and Forecast Analysis by Application (2019-2030)
6.2.2 Global Calcium Fluoride Crystals Sales and Forecast Analysis by Application (2019-2030)
7 North America
7.1 North America Calcium Fluoride Crystals Market Size and Growth Rate Analysis (2019-2030)
7.2 North America Key Manufacturers Analysis
7.3 North America Calcium Fluoride Crystals Market Size by Type
7.3.1 North America Calcium Fluoride Crystals Sales by Type (2019-2030)
7.3.2 North America Calcium Fluoride Crystals Revenue by Type (2019-2030)
7.4 North America Calcium Fluoride Crystals Market Size by Application
7.4.1 North America Calcium Fluoride Crystals Sales by Application (2019-2030)
7.4.2 North America Calcium Fluoride Crystals Revenue by Application (2019-2030)
7.5 North America Calcium Fluoride Crystals Market Size by Country
7.5.1 US
7.5.2 Canada
8 Europe
8.1 Europe Calcium Fluoride Crystals Market Size and Growth Rate Analysis (2019-2030)
8.2 Europe Key Manufacturers Analysis
8.3 Europe Calcium Fluoride Crystals Market Size by Type
8.3.1 Europe Calcium Fluoride Crystals Sales by Type (2019-2030)
8.3.2 Europe Calcium Fluoride Crystals Revenue by Type (2019-2030)
8.4 Europe Calcium Fluoride Crystals Market Size by Application
8.4.1 Europe Calcium Fluoride Crystals Sales by Application (2019-2030)
8.4.2  Europe Calcium Fluoride Crystals Revenue by Application (2019-2030)
8.5 Europe Calcium Fluoride Crystals Market Size by Country
8.5.1 Germany
8.5.2 France
8.5.3 United Kingdom
8.5.4 Italy
8.5.5 Spain
8.5.6 Benelux
9 China
9.1 China Calcium Fluoride Crystals Market Size and Growth Rate Analysis (2019-2030)
9.2 China Key Manufacturers Analysis
9.3 China Calcium Fluoride Crystals Market Size by Type
9.3.1 China Calcium Fluoride Crystals Sales by Type (2019-2030)
9.3.2 China Calcium Fluoride Crystals Revenue by Type (2019-2030)
9.4 China Calcium Fluoride Crystals Market Size by Application
9.4.1 China Calcium Fluoride Crystals Sales by Application (2019-2030)
9.4.2 China Calcium Fluoride Crystals Revenue by Application (2019-2030)
10 APAC (excl. China)
10.1 APAC (excl. China) Calcium Fluoride Crystals Market Size and Growth Rate Analysis (2019-2030)
10.2 APAC (excl. China) Key Manufacturers Analysis
10.3 APAC (excl. China) Calcium Fluoride Crystals Market Size by Type
10.3.1 APAC (excl. China) Calcium Fluoride Crystals Sales by Type (2019-2030)
10.3.2 APAC (excl. China) Calcium Fluoride Crystals Revenue by Type (2019-2030)
10.4 APAC (excl. China) Calcium Fluoride Crystals Market Size by Application
10.4.1 APAC (excl. China) Calcium Fluoride Crystals Sales by Application (2019-2030)
10.4.2 APAC (excl. China) Calcium Fluoride Crystals Revenue by Application (2019-2030)
10.5 APAC (excl. China) Calcium Fluoride Crystals Market Size by Country
10.5.1 Japan
10.5.2 South Korea
10.5.3 India
10.5.4 Australia
10.5.5 Indonesia
10.5.6 Vietnam
10.5.7 Malaysia
10.5.8 Thailand
11 Latin America
11.1 Latin America Calcium Fluoride Crystals Market Size and Growth Rate Analysis (2019-2030)
11.2 Latin America Key Manufacturers Analysis
11.3 Latin America Calcium Fluoride Crystals Market Size by Type
11.3.1 Latin America Calcium Fluoride Crystals Sales by Type (2019-2030)
11.3.2 Latin America Calcium Fluoride Crystals Revenue by Type (2019-2030)
11.4 Latin America Calcium Fluoride Crystals Market Size by Application
11.4.1 Latin America Calcium Fluoride Crystals Sales by Application (2019-2030)
11.4.2 Latin America Calcium Fluoride Crystals Revenue by Application (2019-2030)
11.5 Latin America Calcium Fluoride Crystals Market Size by Country
11.5.1 Mexico
11.5.2 Brazil
12 Middle East & Africa
12.1 Middle East & Africa Calcium Fluoride Crystals Market Size and Growth Rate Analysis (2019-2030)
12.2 Middle East & Africa Key Manufacturers Analysis
12.3 Middle East & Africa Calcium Fluoride Crystals Market Size by Type
12.3.1 Middle East & Africa Calcium Fluoride Crystals Sales by Type (2019-2030)
12.3.2 Middle East & Africa Calcium Fluoride Crystals Revenue by Type (2019-2030)
12.4 Middle East & Africa Calcium Fluoride Crystals Market Size by Application
12.4.1 Middle East & Africa Calcium Fluoride Crystals Sales by Application (2019-2030)
12.4.2 Middle East & Africa Calcium Fluoride Crystals Revenue by Application (2019-2030)
12.5 Middle East & Africa Calcium Fluoride Crystals Market Size by Country
12.5.1 Saudi Arabia
12.5.2 South Africa
13 Competition by Manufacturers
13.1 Global Calcium Fluoride Crystals Market Sales, Revenue and Price by Key Manufacturers (2020-2024)
13.1.1 Global Calcium Fluoride Crystals Market Sales by Key Manufacturers (2020-2024)
13.1.2 Global Calcium Fluoride Crystals Market Revenue by Key Manufacturers (2020-2024)
13.1.3 Global Calcium Fluoride Crystals Average Sales Price by Manufacturers (2020-2024)
13.2 Calcium Fluoride Crystals Competitive Landscape Analysis and Market Dynamic
13.2.1 Calcium Fluoride Crystals Competitive Landscape Analysis
13.2.2 Global Key Manufacturers Headquarter Location and Key Area Sales
13.2.3 Market Dynamic
14 Key Companies Analysis
14.1 Hellma Materials
14.1.1 Hellma Materials Basic Company Profile (Employees, Areas Service, Competitors and Contact Information)
14.1.2 Hellma Materials Calcium Fluoride Crystals Product Portfolio
14.1.3 Hellma Materials Calcium Fluoride Crystals Market Data Analysis (Revenue, Sales, Price, Gross Margin and Market Share) (2020-2024)
14.2 Corning
14.2.1 Corning Basic Company Profile (Employees, Areas Service, Competitors and Contact Information)
14.2.2 Corning Calcium Fluoride Crystals Product Portfolio
14.2.3 Corning Calcium Fluoride Crystals Market Data Analysis (Revenue, Sales, Price, Gross Margin and Market Share) (2020-2024)
14.3 Qinhuangdao Intrinsic Crystal Technology Co
14.3.1 Qinhuangdao Intrinsic Crystal Technology Co Basic Company Profile (Employees, Areas Service, Competitors and Contact Information)
14.3.2 Qinhuangdao Intrinsic Crystal Technology Co Calcium Fluoride Crystals Product Portfolio
14.3.3 Qinhuangdao Intrinsic Crystal Technology Co Calcium Fluoride Crystals Market Data Analysis (Revenue, Sales, Price, Gross Margin and Market Share) (2020-2024)
14.4 Nikon
14.4.1 Nikon Basic Company Profile (Employees, Areas Service, Competitors and Contact Information)
14.4.2 Nikon Calcium Fluoride Crystals Product Portfolio
14.4.3 Nikon Calcium Fluoride Crystals Market Data Analysis (Revenue, Sales, Price, Gross Margin and Market Share) (2020-2024)
14.5 Canon
14.5.1 Canon Basic Company Profile (Employees, Areas Service, Competitors and Contact Information)
14.5.2 Canon Calcium Fluoride Crystals Product Portfolio
14.5.3 Canon Calcium Fluoride Crystals Market Data Analysis (Revenue, Sales, Price, Gross Margin and Market Share) (2020-2024)
14.6 Nihon Kessho Kogaku
14.6.1 Nihon Kessho Kogaku Basic Company Profile (Employees, Areas Service, Competitors and Contact Information)
14.6.2 Nihon Kessho Kogaku Calcium Fluoride Crystals Product Portfolio
14.6.3 Nihon Kessho Kogaku Calcium Fluoride Crystals Market Data Analysis (Revenue, Sales, Price, Gross Margin and Market Share) (2020-2024)
14.7 Korth Kristalle
14.7.1 Korth Kristalle Basic Company Profile (Employees, Areas Service, Competitors and Contact Information)
14.7.2 Korth Kristalle Calcium Fluoride Crystals Product Portfolio
14.7.3 Korth Kristalle Calcium Fluoride Crystals Market Data Analysis (Revenue, Sales, Price, Gross Margin and Market Share) (2020-2024)
14.8 BEIJING SCITLION TECHNOLOGY CORP
14.8.1 BEIJING SCITLION TECHNOLOGY CORP Basic Company Profile (Employees, Areas Service, Competitors and Contact Information)
14.8.2 BEIJING SCITLION TECHNOLOGY CORP Calcium Fluoride Crystals Product Portfolio
14.8.3 BEIJING SCITLION TECHNOLOGY CORP Calcium Fluoride Crystals Market Data Analysis (Revenue, Sales, Price, Gross Margin and Market Share) (2020-2024)
14.9 Alkor Technologies
14.9.1 Alkor Technologies Basic Company Profile (Employees, Areas Service, Competitors and Contact Information)
14.9.2 Alkor Technologies Calcium Fluoride Crystals Product Portfolio
14.9.3 Alkor Technologies Calcium Fluoride Crystals Market Data Analysis (Revenue, Sales, Price, Gross Margin and Market Share) (2020-2024)
14.10 JIANGSU BRIDGEMAN TECHNOLOGY CO . LTD
14.10.1 JIANGSU BRIDGEMAN TECHNOLOGY CO . LTD Basic Company Profile (Employees, Areas Service, Competitors and Contact Information)
14.10.2 JIANGSU BRIDGEMAN TECHNOLOGY CO . LTD Calcium Fluoride Crystals Product Portfolio
14.10.3 JIANGSU BRIDGEMAN TECHNOLOGY CO . LTD Calcium Fluoride Crystals Market Data Analysis (Revenue, Sales, Price, Gross Margin and Market Share) (2020-2024)
14.11 Shanghai Xikasi
14.11.1 Shanghai Xikasi Basic Company Profile (Employees, Areas Service, Competitors and Contact Information)
14.11.2 Shanghai Xikasi Calcium Fluoride Crystals Product Portfolio
14.11.3 Shanghai Xikasi Calcium Fluoride Crystals Market Data Analysis (Revenue, Sales, Price, Gross Margin and Market Share) (2020-2024)
14.12 Fujian Jingxiang
14.12.1 Fujian Jingxiang Basic Company Profile (Employees, Areas Service, Competitors and Contact Information)
14.12.2 Fujian Jingxiang Calcium Fluoride Crystals Product Portfolio
14.12.3 Fujian Jingxiang Calcium Fluoride Crystals Market Data Analysis (Revenue, Sales, Price, Gross Margin and Market Share) (2020-2024)
14.13 Chengdu Yasi
14.13.1 Chengdu Yasi Basic Company Profile (Employees, Areas Service, Competitors and Contact Information)
14.13.2 Chengdu Yasi Calcium Fluoride Crystals Product Portfolio
14.13.3 Chengdu Yasi Calcium Fluoride Crystals Market Data Analysis (Revenue, Sales, Price, Gross Margin and Market Share) (2020-2024)
14.14 Beijing Xingjiang
14.14.1 Beijing Xingjiang Basic Company Profile (Employees, Areas Service, Competitors and Contact Information)
14.14.2 Beijing Xingjiang Calcium Fluoride Crystals Product Portfolio
14.14.3 Beijing Xingjiang Calcium Fluoride Crystals Market Data Analysis (Revenue, Sales, Price, Gross Margin and Market Share) (2020-2024)
14.15 TYDEX
14.15.1 TYDEX Basic Company Profile (Employees, Areas Service, Competitors and Contact Information)
14.15.2 TYDEX Calcium Fluoride Crystals Product Portfolio
14.15.3 TYDEX Calcium Fluoride Crystals Market Data Analysis (Revenue, Sales, Price, Gross Margin and Market Share) (2020-2024)
14.16 Fairfield Crystal Technology
14.16.1 Fairfield Crystal Technology Basic Company Profile (Employees, Areas Service, Competitors and Contact Information)
14.16.2 Fairfield Crystal Technology Calcium Fluoride Crystals Product Portfolio
14.16.3 Fairfield Crystal Technology Calcium Fluoride Crystals Market Data Analysis (Revenue, Sales, Price, Gross Margin and Market Share) (2020-2024)
14.17 Shuoguangte Crystals
14.17.1 Shuoguangte Crystals Basic Company Profile (Employees, Areas Service, Competitors and Contact Information)
14.17.2 Shuoguangte Crystals Calcium Fluoride Crystals Product Portfolio
14.17.3 Shuoguangte Crystals Calcium Fluoride Crystals Market Data Analysis (Revenue, Sales, Price, Gross Margin and Market Share) (2020-2024)
14.18 Hebei Shuoguang
14.18.1 Hebei Shuoguang Basic Company Profile (Employees, Areas Service, Competitors and Contact Information)
14.18.2 Hebei Shuoguang Calcium Fluoride Crystals Product Portfolio
14.18.3 Hebei Shuoguang Calcium Fluoride Crystals Market Data Analysis (Revenue, Sales, Price, Gross Margin and Market Share) (2020-2024)
14.19 CASCRYSTECH
14.19.1 CASCRYSTECH Basic Company Profile (Employees, Areas Service, Competitors and Contact Information)
14.19.2 CASCRYSTECH Calcium Fluoride Crystals Product Portfolio
14.19.3 CASCRYSTECH Calcium Fluoride Crystals Market Data Analysis (Revenue, Sales, Price, Gross Margin and Market Share) (2020-2024)
15 Industry Chain Analysis
15.1 Calcium Fluoride Crystals Industry Chain Analysis
15.2 Calcium Fluoride Crystals Industry Upstream Supply Analysis
15.2.1 Upstream Key Raw Material Supply Analysis
15.2.2 Raw Material Suppliers and Contact Information
15.3 Calcium Fluoride Crystals Typical Downstream Customers
15.4 Calcium Fluoride Crystals Sales Channel Analysis
16 Research Findings and Conclusion
17 Methodology and Data Source
17.1 Methodology/Research Approach
17.2 Research Scope
17.3 Benchmarks and Assumptions
17.4 Date Source
17.4.1 Primary Sources
17.4.2 Secondary Sources
17.5 Data Cross Validation
17.6 Disclaimer

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