Global Black Granite Competitive Landscape Professional Research Report 2025

Best Price Guarantee	Length	Publisher	Published Date	SKU
from $3,500	170 Pages	DIResearch	January, 2025	DIR19542142

Best Price Guarantee
Price	from $3,500
Length	170 Pages
Publisher	DIResearch
Published Date	January, 2025
SKU	DIR19542142

Research Summary

Black granite is a type of igneous rock that is primarily composed of dark-colored minerals, typically rich in mafic minerals such as pyroxene, amphibole, and olivine. It is characterized by its deep black color and a distinctive crystalline structure. Black granite is known for its durability, strength, and aesthetic appeal, which makes it a popular choice for various applications, including countertops, flooring, monuments, and decorative purposes. The natural variations in the stone can result in different patterns and textures, adding to its visual interest. Due to its dense composition, black granite is resistant to staining, scratching, and heat, making it suitable for both indoor and outdoor use. It is quarried in different regions worldwide, with notable sources including India, Brazil, South Africa, and China. Black granite is highly valued for its elegance and timeless beauty, making it a sought-after material in the construction and design industries.

According to DIResearch's in-depth investigation and research, the global Black Granite market size was valued at XX Million USD in 2024 and is projected to reach XX Million USD by 2032, with a CAGR of XX% (2025-2032). Notably, the China market has changed rapidly in the past few years. By 2024, China's market size is expected to be XX Million USD, representing approximately XX% of the global market share. By 2032, it is anticipated to grow further to XX Million USD, contributing XX% to the worldwide market share.

The major global manufacturers of Black Granite include Gem Granites, SMG, Aravali India, Cosentino, Levantina, Coldspring, Diaamond Granite, Antolini, Rock of Ages, Williams Stone, KSG, Amso International, R.E.D. Graniti, Pokarna, Nile Marble & Granite, Swenson Granite, Rashi Granite, Gabro, Wadi EI Nile, Malani Granite, Glaze, UMGG, Yunfu Xuechi, Kangli Stone, Xiamen Xinze, Yinlian Stone, Zongyi Stone, Wanlistone, Xinfeng Group etc. The global players competition landscape in this report is divided into three tiers. The first tier comprises global leading enterprises that command a substantial market share, hold a dominant industry position, possess strong competitiveness and influence, and generate significant revenue. The second tier includes companies with a notable market presence and reputation; these firms actively follow industry leaders in product, service, or technological innovation and maintain a moderate revenue scale. The third tier consists of smaller companies with limited market share and lower brand recognition, primarily focused on local markets and generating comparatively lower revenue.

This report studies the market size, price trends and future development prospects of Black Granite. Focus on analysing the market share, product portfolio, prices, sales, revenue and gross profit margin of global major manufacturers, as well as the market status and trends of different product types and applications in the global Black Granite market. The report data covers historical data from 2020 to 2024, based year in 2025 and forecast data from 2026 to 2032.

The regions and countries in the report include North America, Europe, China, APAC (excl. China), Latin America and Middle East and Africa, covering the Black Granite market conditions and future development trends of key regions and countries, combined with industry-related policies and the latest technological developments, analyze the development characteristics of Black Granite industries in various regions and countries, help companies understand the development characteristics of each region, help companies formulate business strategies, and achieve the ultimate goal of the company's global development strategy.

The data sources of this report mainly include the National Bureau of Statistics, customs databases, industry associations, corporate financial reports, third-party databases, etc. Among them, macroeconomic data mainly comes from the National Bureau of Statistics, International Economic Research Organization; industry statistical data mainly come from industry associations; company data mainly comes from interviews, public information collection, third-party reliable databases, and price data mainly comes from various markets monitoring database.

Global Key Manufacturers of Black Granite Include:

Gem Granites

SMG

Aravali India

Cosentino

Levantina

Coldspring

Diaamond Granite

Antolini

Rock of Ages

Williams Stone

KSG

Amso International

R.E.D. Graniti

Pokarna

Nile Marble & Granite

Swenson Granite

Rashi Granite

Gabro

Wadi EI Nile

Malani Granite

Glaze

UMGG

Yunfu Xuechi

Kangli Stone

Xiamen Xinze

Yinlian Stone

Zongyi Stone

Wanlistone

Xinfeng Group

Black Granite Product Segment Include:

Absolute Black Granite

Black Galaxy Granite

Black Pearl Granite

Others

Black Granite Product Application Include:

Kitchen Countertops

Flooring and Walling

Paving Stone

Stair Treads

Monuments

Others

Chapter Scope

Chapter 1: Product Research Range, Product Types and Applications, Market Overview, Market Situation and Trends

Chapter 2: Global Black Granite Capacity and Production Analysis

Chapter 3: Global Black Granite Industry PESTEL Analysis

Chapter 4: Global Black Granite Industry Porter's Five Forces Analysis

Chapter 5: Global Black Granite Major Regional Market Size (Revenue, Sales, Price) and Forecast Analysis

Chapter 6: Global Black Granite Market Size and Forecast by Type and Application Analysis

Chapter 7: North America Black Granite Competitive Analysis (Market Size, Key Players and Market Share, Product Type and Application Segment Analysis, Countries Analysis)

Chapter 8: Europe Black Granite Competitive Analysis (Market Size, Key Players and Market Share, Product Type and Application Segment Analysis, Countries Analysis)

Chapter 9: China Black Granite Competitive Analysis (Market Size, Key Players and Market Share, Product Type and Application Segment Analysis, Countries Analysis)

Chapter 10: APAC (Excl. China) Black Granite Competitive Analysis (Market Size, Key Players and Market Share, Product Type and Application Segment Analysis, Countries Analysis)

Chapter 11: Latin America Black Granite Competitive Analysis (Market Size, Key Players and Market Share, Product Type and Application Segment Analysis, Countries Analysis)

Chapter 12: Middle East and Africa Black Granite Competitive Analysis (Market Size, Key Players and Market Share, Product Type and Application Segment Analysis, Countries Analysis)

Chapter 13: Global Black Granite Competitive Analysis of Key Manufacturers (Sales, Revenue, Market Share, Price, Regional Distribution and Industry Concentration)

Chapter 14: Key Company Profiles (Product Portfolio, Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin)

Chapter 15: Industrial Chain Analysis, Include Raw Material Suppliers, Distributors and Customers

Chapter 16: Research Findings and Conclusion

Chapter 17: Methodology and Data Sources

1 Black Granite Market Overview: 1.1 Product Definition and Statistical Scope; 1.2 Black Granite Product by Type; 1.2.1 Absolute Black Granite; 1.2.2 Black Galaxy Granite; 1.2.3 Black Pearl Granite; 1.2.4 Others; 1.3 Black Granite Product by Application; 1.3.1 Kitchen Countertops; 1.3.2 Flooring and Walling; 1.3.3 Paving Stone; 1.3.4 Stair Treads; 1.3.5 Monuments; 1.3.6 Others; 1.4 Global Black Granite Market Revenue and Sales Analysis; 1.4.1 Global Black Granite Revenue Market Size Analysis (2020-2032); 1.4.2 Global Black Granite Sales Market Size Analysis (2020-2032); 1.4.3 Global Black Granite Market Sales Price Trend Analysis (2020-2032); 1.5 Black Granite Industry Trends and Innovation; 1.5.1 Black Granite Industry Trends and Innovation; 1.5.2 Black Granite Market Drivers and Challenges
2 Global Black Granite Capacity and Production Analysis: 2.1 Global Black Granite Capacity, Production and Utilization (2020-2032); 2.2 Global Black Granite Production Growth Trend by Region: 2024 VS 2025 VS 2030; 2.3 Global Black Granite Production by Region; 2.3.1 Global Black Granite Production by Region (2020-2025); 2.3.2 Global Black Granite Production Forecast by Region (2026-2032); 2.3.3 Global Black Granite Production Market Share by Region (2020-2032)
3 Black Granite Market PESTEL Analysis: 3.1 Political Factors Analysis; 3.2 Economic Factors Analysis; 3.3 Social Factors Analysis; 3.4 Technological Factors Analysis; 3.5 Environmental Factors Analysis; 3.6 Legal Factors Analysis
4 Black Granite Market Porter's Five Forces Analysis: 4.1 Competitive Rivalry; 4.2 Threat of New Entrants; 4.3 Bargaining Power of Suppliers; 4.4 Bargaining Power of Buyers; 4.5 Threat of Substitutes
5 Global Black Granite Market Analysis by Regions: 5.1 Black Granite Overall Market: 2024 VS 2025 VS 2032; 5.2 Global Black Granite Revenue and Forecast Analysis (2020-2032); 5.2.1 Global Black Granite Revenue and Market Share by Region (2020-2025); 5.2.2 Global Black Granite Revenue and Market Forecast by Region (2026-2032); 5.3 Global Black Granite Sales and Forecast Analysis (2020-2032); 5.3.1 Global Black Granite Sales and Market Share by Region (2020-2025); 5.3.2 Global Black Granite Sales and Market Forecast by Region (2026-2032); 5.4 Global Black Granite Sales Price Trend Analysis (2020-2032)
6 Global Black Granite Market Size by Type and Application: 6.1 Global Black Granite Market Size by Type; 6.1.1 Global Black Granite Revenue and Forecast Analysis by Type (2020-2032); 6.1.2 Global Black Granite Sales and Forecast Analysis by Type (2020-2032); 6.2 Global Black Granite Market Size by Application; 6.2.1 Global Black Granite Revenue and Forecast Analysis by Application (2020-2032); 6.2.2 Global Black Granite Sales and Forecast Analysis by Application (2020-2032)
7 North America: 7.1 North America Black Granite Market Size and Growth Rate Analysis (2020-2032); 7.2 North America Key Manufacturers Analysis; 7.3 North America Black Granite Market Size by Type; 7.3.1 North America Black Granite Sales by Type (2020-2032); 7.3.2 North America Black Granite Revenue by Type (2020-2032); 7.4 North America Black Granite Market Size by Application; 7.4.1 North America Black Granite Sales by Application (2020-2032); 7.4.2 North America Black Granite Revenue by Application (2020-2032); 7.5 North America Black Granite Market Size by Country; 7.5.1 US; 7.5.2 Canada
8 Europe: 8.1 Europe Black Granite Market Size and Growth Rate Analysis (2020-2032); 8.2 Europe Key Manufacturers Analysis; 8.3 Europe Black Granite Market Size by Type; 8.3.1 Europe Black Granite Sales by Type (2020-2032); 8.3.2 Europe Black Granite Revenue by Type (2020-2032); 8.4 Europe Black Granite Market Size by Application; 8.4.1 Europe Black Granite Sales by Application (2020-2032); 8.4.2 Europe Black Granite Revenue by Application (2020-2032); 8.5 Europe Black Granite Market Size by Country; 8.5.1 Germany; 8.5.2 France; 8.5.3 United Kingdom; 8.5.4 Italy; 8.5.5 Spain; 8.5.6 Benelux
9 China: 9.1 China Black Granite Market Size and Growth Rate Analysis (2020-2032); 9.2 China Key Manufacturers Analysis; 9.3 China Black Granite Market Size by Type; 9.3.1 China Black Granite Sales by Type (2020-2032); 9.3.2 China Black Granite Revenue by Type (2020-2032); 9.4 China Black Granite Market Size by Application; 9.4.1 China Black Granite Sales by Application (2020-2032); 9.4.2 China Black Granite Revenue by Application (2020-2032)
10 APAC (excl. China): 10.1 APAC (excl. China) Black Granite Market Size and Growth Rate Analysis (2020-2032); 10.2 APAC (excl. China) Key Manufacturers Analysis; 10.3 APAC (excl. China) Black Granite Market Size by Type; 10.3.1 APAC (excl. China) Black Granite Sales by Type (2020-2032); 10.3.2 APAC (excl. China) Black Granite Revenue by Type (2020-2032); 10.4 APAC (excl. China) Black Granite Market Size by Application; 10.4.1 APAC (excl. China) Black Granite Sales by Application (2020-2032); 10.4.2 APAC (excl. China) Black Granite Revenue by Application (2020-2032); 10.5 APAC (excl. China) Black Granite Market Size by Country; 10.5.1 Japan; 10.5.2 South Korea; 10.5.3 India; 10.5.4 Australia; 10.5.5 Southeast Asia
11 Latin America: 11.1 Latin America Black Granite Market Size and Growth Rate Analysis (2020-2032); 11.2 Latin America Key Manufacturers Analysis; 1`.3 Latin America Black Granite Market Size by Type; 11.3.1 Latin America Black Granite Sales by Type (2020-2032); 11.3.2 Latin America Black Granite Revenue by Type (2020-2032); 11.4 Latin America Black Granite Market Size by Application; 11.4.1 Latin America Black Granite Sales by Application (2020-2032); 11.4.2 Latin America Black Granite Revenue by Application (2020-2032); 11.5 Latin America Black Granite Market Size by Country; 11.6 Latin America Black Granite Market Size by Country; 11.6.1 Mexico; 11.6.2 Brazil
12 Middle East & Africa: 12.1 Middle East & Africa Black Granite Market Size and Growth Rate Analysis (2020-2032); 12.2 Middle East & Africa Key Manufacturers Analysis; 12.3 Middle East & Africa Black Granite Market Size by Type; 12.3.1 Middle East & Africa Black Granite Sales by Type (2020-2032); 12.3.2 Middle East & Africa Black Granite Revenue by Type (2020-2032); 12.4 Middle East & Africa Black Granite Market Size by Application; 12.4.1 Middle East & Africa Black Granite Sales by Application (2020-2032); 12.4.2 Middle East & Africa Black Granite Revenue by Application (2020-2032); 12.5 Middle East Black Granite Market Size by Country; 12.5.1 Saudi Arabia; 12.5.2 South Africa
13 Competition by Manufacturers: 13.1 Global Black Granite Market Sales, Revenue and Price by Key Manufacturers (2021-2025); 13.1.1 Global Black Granite Market Sales by Key Manufacturers (2021-2025); 13.1.2 Global Black Granite Market Revenue by Key Manufacturers (2021-2025); 13.1.3 Global Black Granite Average Sales Price by Manufacturers (2021-2025); 13.2 Black Granite Competitive Landscape Analysis and Market Dynamic; 13.2.1 Black Granite Competitive Landscape Analysis; 13.2.2 Global Key Manufacturers Headquarter Location and Key Area Sales; 13.2.3 Market Dynamic
14 Key Companies Analysis: 14.1 Gem Granites; 14.1.1 Gem Granites Basic Company Profile (Employees, Areas Service, Competitors and Contact Information); 14.1.2 Gem Granites Black Granite Product Portfolio; 14.1.3 Gem Granites Black Granite Market Data Analysis (Revenue, Sales, Price, Gross Margin and Market Share) (2021-2025); 14.2 SMG; 14.2.1 SMG Basic Company Profile (Employees, Areas Service, Competitors and Contact Information); 14.2.2 SMG Black Granite Product Portfolio; 14.2.3 SMG Black Granite Market Data Analysis (Revenue, Sales, Price, Gross Margin and Market Share) (2021-2025); 14.3 Aravali India; 14.3.1 Aravali India Basic Company Profile (Employees, Areas Service, Competitors and Contact Information); 14.3.2 Aravali India Black Granite Product Portfolio; 14.3.3 Aravali India Black Granite Market Data Analysis (Revenue, Sales, Price, Gross Margin and Market Share) (2021-2025); 14.4 Cosentino; 14.4.1 Cosentino Basic Company Profile (Employees, Areas Service, Competitors and Contact Information); 14.4.2 Cosentino Black Granite Product Portfolio; 14.4.3 Cosentino Black Granite Market Data Analysis (Revenue, Sales, Price, Gross Margin and Market Share) (2021-2025); 14.5 Levantina; 14.5.1 Levantina Basic Company Profile (Employees, Areas Service, Competitors and Contact Information); 14.5.2 Levantina Black Granite Product Portfolio; 14.5.3 Levantina Black Granite Market Data Analysis (Revenue, Sales, Price, Gross Margin and Market Share) (2021-2025); 14.6 Coldspring; 14.6.1 Coldspring Basic Company Profile (Employees, Areas Service, Competitors and Contact Information); 14.6.2 Coldspring Black Granite Product Portfolio; 14.6.3 Coldspring Black Granite Market Data Analysis (Revenue, Sales, Price, Gross Margin and Market Share) (2021-2025); 14.7 Diaamond Granite; 14.7.1 Diaamond Granite Basic Company Profile (Employees, Areas Service, Competitors and Contact Information); 14.7.2 Diaamond Granite Black Granite Product Portfolio; 14.7.3 Diaamond Granite Black Granite Market Data Analysis (Revenue, Sales, Price, Gross Margin and Market Share) (2021-2025); 14.8 Antolini; 14.8.1 Antolini Basic Company Profile (Employees, Areas Service, Competitors and Contact Information); 14.8.2 Antolini Black Granite Product Portfolio; 14.8.3 Antolini Black Granite Market Data Analysis (Revenue, Sales, Price, Gross Margin and Market Share) (2021-2025); 14.9 Rock of Ages; 14.9.1 Rock of Ages Basic Company Profile (Employees, Areas Service, Competitors and Contact Information); 14.9.2 Rock of Ages Black Granite Product Portfolio; 14.9.3 Rock of Ages Black Granite Market Data Analysis (Revenue, Sales, Price, Gross Margin and Market Share) (2021-2025); 14.10 Williams Stone; 14.10.1 Williams Stone Basic Company Profile (Employees, Areas Service, Competitors and Contact Information); 14.10.2 Williams Stone Black Granite Product Portfolio; 14.10.3 Williams Stone Black Granite Market Data Analysis (Revenue, Sales, Price, Gross Margin and Market Share) (2021-2025); 14.11 KSG; 14.11.1 KSG Basic Company Profile (Employees, Areas Service, Competitors and Contact Information); 14.11.2 KSG Black Granite Product Portfolio; 14.11.3 KSG Black Granite Market Data Analysis (Revenue, Sales, Price, Gross Margin and Market Share) (2021-2025); 14.12 Amso International; 14.12.1 Amso International Basic Company Profile (Employees, Areas Service, Competitors and Contact Information); 14.12.2 Amso International Black Granite Product Portfolio; 14.12.3 Amso International Black Granite Market Data Analysis (Revenue, Sales, Price, Gross Margin and Market Share) (2021-2025); 14.13 R.E.D. Graniti; 14.13.1 R.E.D. Graniti Basic Company Profile (Employees, Areas Service, Competitors and Contact Information); 14.13.2 R.E.D. Graniti Black Granite Product Portfolio; 14.13.3 R.E.D. Graniti Black Granite Market Data Analysis (Revenue, Sales, Price, Gross Margin and Market Share) (2021-2025); 14.14 Pokarna; 14.14.1 Pokarna Basic Company Profile (Employees, Areas Service, Competitors and Contact Information); 14.14.2 Pokarna Black Granite Product Portfolio; 14.14.3 Pokarna Black Granite Market Data Analysis (Revenue, Sales, Price, Gross Margin and Market Share) (2021-2025); 14.15 Nile Marble & Granite; 14.15.1 Nile Marble & Granite Basic Company Profile (Employees, Areas Service, Competitors and Contact Information); 14.15.2 Nile Marble & Granite Black Granite Product Portfolio; 14.15.3 Nile Marble & Granite Black Granite Market Data Analysis (Revenue, Sales, Price, Gross Margin and Market Share) (2021-2025); 14.16 Swenson Granite; 14.16.1 Swenson Granite Basic Company Profile (Employees, Areas Service, Competitors and Contact Information); 14.16.2 Swenson Granite Black Granite Product Portfolio; 14.16.3 Swenson Granite Black Granite Market Data Analysis (Revenue, Sales, Price, Gross Margin and Market Share) (2021-2025); 14.17 Rashi Granite; 14.17.1 Rashi Granite Basic Company Profile (Employees, Areas Service, Competitors and Contact Information); 14.17.2 Rashi Granite Black Granite Product Portfolio; 14.17.3 Rashi Granite Black Granite Market Data Analysis (Revenue, Sales, Price, Gross Margin and Market Share) (2021-2025); 14.18 Gabro; 14.18.1 Gabro Basic Company Profile (Employees, Areas Service, Competitors and Contact Information); 14.18.2 Gabro Black Granite Product Portfolio; 14.18.3 Gabro Black Granite Market Data Analysis (Revenue, Sales, Price, Gross Margin and Market Share) (2021-2025); 14.19 Wadi EI Nile; 14.19.1 Wadi EI Nile Basic Company Profile (Employees, Areas Service, Competitors and Contact Information); 14.19.2 Wadi EI Nile Black Granite Product Portfolio; 14.19.3 Wadi EI Nile Black Granite Market Data Analysis (Revenue, Sales, Price, Gross Margin and Market Share) (2021-2025); 14.20 Malani Granite; 14.20.1 Malani Granite Basic Company Profile (Employees, Areas Service, Competitors and Contact Information); 14.20.2 Malani Granite Black Granite Product Portfolio; 14.20.3 Malani Granite Black Granite Market Data Analysis (Revenue, Sales, Price, Gross Margin and Market Share) (2021-2025); 14.21 Glaze; 14.21.1 Glaze Basic Company Profile (Employees, Areas Service, Competitors and Contact Information); 14.21.2 Glaze Black Granite Product Portfolio; 14.21.3 Glaze Black Granite Market Data Analysis (Revenue, Sales, Price, Gross Margin and Market Share) (2021-2025); 14.22 UMGG; 14.22.1 UMGG Basic Company Profile (Employees, Areas Service, Competitors and Contact Information); 14.22.2 UMGG Black Granite Product Portfolio; 14.22.3 UMGG Black Granite Market Data Analysis (Revenue, Sales, Price, Gross Margin and Market Share) (2021-2025); 14.23 Yunfu Xuechi; 14.23.1 Yunfu Xuechi Basic Company Profile (Employees, Areas Service, Competitors and Contact Information); 14.23.2 Yunfu Xuechi Black Granite Product Portfolio; 14.23.3 Yunfu Xuechi Black Granite Market Data Analysis (Revenue, Sales, Price, Gross Margin and Market Share) (2021-2025); 14.24 Kangli Stone; 14.24.1 Kangli Stone Basic Company Profile (Employees, Areas Service, Competitors and Contact Information); 14.24.2 Kangli Stone Black Granite Product Portfolio; 14.24.3 Kangli Stone Black Granite Market Data Analysis (Revenue, Sales, Price, Gross Margin and Market Share) (2021-2025); 14.25 Xiamen Xinze; 14.25.1 Xiamen Xinze Basic Company Profile (Employees, Areas Service, Competitors and Contact Information); 14.25.2 Xiamen Xinze Black Granite Product Portfolio; 14.25.3 Xiamen Xinze Black Granite Market Data Analysis (Revenue, Sales, Price, Gross Margin and Market Share) (2021-2025); 14.26 Yinlian Stone; 14.26.1 Yinlian Stone Basic Company Profile (Employees, Areas Service, Competitors and Contact Information); 14.26.2 Yinlian Stone Black Granite Product Portfolio; 14.26.3 Yinlian Stone Black Granite Market Data Analysis (Revenue, Sales, Price, Gross Margin and Market Share) (2021-2025); 14.27 Zongyi Stone; 14.27.1 Zongyi Stone Basic Company Profile (Employees, Areas Service, Competitors and Contact Information); 14.27.2 Zongyi Stone Black Granite Product Portfolio; 14.27.3 Zongyi Stone Black Granite Market Data Analysis (Revenue, Sales, Price, Gross Margin and Market Share) (2021-2025); 14.28 Wanlistone; 14.28.1 Wanlistone Basic Company Profile (Employees, Areas Service, Competitors and Contact Information); 14.28.2 Wanlistone Black Granite Product Portfolio; 14.28.3 Wanlistone Black Granite Market Data Analysis (Revenue, Sales, Price, Gross Margin and Market Share) (2021-2025); 14.29 Xinfeng Group; 14.29.1 Xinfeng Group Basic Company Profile (Employees, Areas Service, Competitors and Contact Information); 14.29.2 Xinfeng Group Black Granite Product Portfolio; 14.29.3 Xinfeng Group Black Granite Market Data Analysis (Revenue, Sales, Price, Gross Margin and Market Share) (2021-2025)
15 Industry Chain Analysis: 15.1 Black Granite Industry Chain Analysis; 15.2 Black Granite Industry Raw Material and Suppliers Analysis; 15.2.1 Black Granite Key Raw Material Supply Analysis; 15.2.2 Raw Material Suppliers and Contact Information; 15.3 Black Granite Typical Downstream Customers; 15.4 Black Granite Sales Channel Analysis
16 Research Findings and Conclusion
17 Methodology and Data Source: 17.1 Methodology/Research Approach; 17.2 Research Scope; 17.3 Benchmarks and Assumptions; 17.4 Date Source; 17.4.1 Primary Sources; 17.4.2 Secondary Sources; 17.5 Data Cross Validation; 17.6 Disclaimer