Global Carbon Credit (Compliance & Voluntary) Market: Analysis By Traded Value, By Traded Volume, By Segment (Europe, North America, UK ETS, New Zealand, South Korea, China, and CERs), By Project Category (Forestry and Land Use, Renewable Energy, Chemical

Global Carbon Credit (Compliance & Voluntary) Market: Analysis By Traded Value, By Traded Volume, By Segment (Europe, North America, UK ETS, New Zealand, South Korea, China, and CERs), By Project Category (Forestry and Land Use, Renewable Energy, Chemical Process/Industrial Manufacturing, Household/Community Devices, Waste Disposal, Energy Efficiency/ Fuel Switching, Agriculture, and Transportation), By Region Size and Trends with Impact of COVID-19 and Forecast up to 2028

The global carbon credit market traded value was US$978.56 billion in 2022. The market is expected to reach US$2.68 trillion by 2028. On the other hand, the global carbon credit market traded volume reached 13.22 GtCO2e in 2022. The traded volume is expected to reach 19.57 GtCO2e by 2028. A carbon credit is a way to measure, value, and trade a verifiable and quantifiable amount of GHG emissions with one credit universally understood to mean one ton of carbon dioxide or equivalent (tCO2e). Article 6 of the Paris Agreement provides a framework for the use of carbon credits, which can increase demand for them. In addition, the Paris Agreement requires countries to regularly update and enhance their nationally determined contributions (NDCs), which can lead to increased demand for carbon credits as countries seek to meet more ambitious emissions reduction targets.

There is increasing regulatory and stakeholder pressure on global corporations to lower emissions. These trends are driving demand for carbon credits, giving rise to two sets of markets, which could grow meaningfully in the coming decades. At present, the overall carbon market is mainly characterized by the degree of regulation, namely the regulated compliance carbon market (CCM) and the unregulated voluntary carbon market (VCM). The CCM is more mature and has historically generated stronger mitigation actions and incentives to decarbonize the economy than the VCM. CCM most commonly takes the form of an Emissions Trading System (ETS), which is also known as a cap and trade program, the largest of which is the European Union ETS. Article 6 of the Paris Agreement also contemplates an international market that allows for voluntary cooperation between two or more countries on emissions reductions. The global carbon credit market traded value is determined to grow at a CAGR of 18.23% during the forecast period of 2023-2028. At the same time, the carbon credit market traded volume is expected to grow at a CAGR of 6.78%.

Market Segmentation Analysis:

By Type: In the report, the global carbon credit market traded value and traded volume has been analyzed based on two types: Compliance Carbon Market (CCM) and Voluntary Carbon Market (VCM). The compliance market is significantly larger than the voluntary market today. The compliance carbon market is an important legislative tool for governments to bridge the gap between climate ambitions and policy actions. Paris Agreement & Broader Decarbonization Movement is the primary driver of compliance market demand. The growth of the compliance carbon market has been driven by higher carbon prices and the expansion of emissions coverage. Voluntary carbon market is expected to grow at a highest rate in the coming years. While compliance markets are currently limited to specific regions, voluntary carbon credits are significantly more fluid, unrestrained by boundaries set by nation-states or political unions. Moreover, interest in the voluntary carbon markets is expected to keep growing, boosted by an increasing number of companies worldwide taking on carbon neutrality goals and other climate commitments that involve the use of carbon offsets. The large majority of VCM demand comes from the CORSIA program and companies that have established a net zero or other aggressive decarbonization targets, and need to look beyond reducing the emissions of their own operations because it is either not practically possible or it is not cost effective to directly reduce Scope 1 and 2 emissions.

By Segment: The global compliance carbon market can be further segmented as Europe, North America, UK ETS, New Zealand, South Korea, China, and Certified Emission Reductions (CERs). In terms of market traded value and traded volume, Europe dominates the market. Europe has set itself an ambitious target to reduce emissions by 55% by 2030 (compared to 1990 levels). Once the shift from fossil fuels to green power is complete, the onus of further emissions reductions would move to Europe’s hard-to-decarbonize industry.

By Project Category: The voluntary carbon market are further segmented based on project categories, namely, Forestry and Land Use, Renewable Energy, Chemical Process/Industrial Manufacturing, Household/Community Devices, Waste Disposal, Energy Efficiency/ Fuel Switching, Agriculture, and Transportation. Wherein, forestry and land use held the highest share both in terms of value and volume. From 2020 to 2021 REDD+ (type of forestry and land use projects) volumes rose dramatically, including an increase in the avoided unplanned deforestation project type and an increase in avoided planned deforestation. Afforestation and Reforestation (ARR) projects have also seen tremendous growth in Asia and Latin America & the Caribbean between 2019-2022. The sharp increase in ARR projects in large part is due to developments in the Republic of China.

By Region: In the report, the global voluntary carbon market is divided into six regions: Asia, Latin America, Africa, North America, Europe, and Oceania. Asia accounted for the maximum share of the global market value in 2022. In July 2022, HKEX announced the Hong Kong International Carbon Market Council to develop Hong Kong as an international carbon market and a hub for Asia. The Hong Kong International Carbon Market Council would play a vital role in supporting the vision to build a carbon market, welcoming institutional and corporate participants from China, Asia, and around the world. Thus, the market is expected to grow in the coming years.

There has been an increase in participation in Latin American carbon markets due to the expansion of voluntary carbon markets, and ambitious climate goals established globally by governments and private actors, with the hydrocarbon industry leading the energy transition efforts in the region. In the coming years, governments would incentivize low-carbon technologies, such as carbon capture, utilization, and storage (CCUS), to increase the supply of high-quality credits in the region.

Market Dynamics:

Growth Drivers: The global carbon credit market has been growing over the past few years, due to factors such as the rising carbon emission, increasing corporate efforts in carbon offsetting, increase in adoption of net zero targets, increasing demand for natural climate solutions, establishment of CORSIA, etc. Strong price actions across the world’s most liquid carbon markets put a spotlight on carbon as a barometer for global climate policy actions and as an emerging asset class. High carbon prices are required for carbon removal forestry projects; for blue hydrogen to reach cost parity with grey hydrogen; to decarbonize the hard-to-abate sectors such as steel and cement. The longer nations defer taking action, the higher and faster carbon prices would have to rise to achieve the current climate objectives.

Challenges: However, some challenges are impeding the growth of the market such as as insufficient governance, no standard measurement of quality, etc. Since the lack of governance and unified standards make it difficult for market participants to verify the quality of a given carbon credit, it became a hurdle for market growth.

Trends: The market is projected to grow at a fast pace during the forecast period, due to various market trends like increasing the number of VCM platforms, increasing corporate efforts in carbon offsetting, carbon as a new investment asset class, article 6 agreement redefining global carbon offset markets, etc. The emergence of carbon credit rating agencies would help to address one of the biggest hurdles in the VCM- the ability of market actors to assess “quality”. Similar to credit rating agencies, these companies use a standardized set of criteria and methodologies to compare credits across different project types. At present, quality is being grouped bluntly using project categories, i.e. removal vs. avoidance, or reforestation vs. renewable energy, when in reality, high and poor-quality credits exist in every category. There is little correlation between price and quality in the current markets and that needs to change for the market to scale and for VCM to deliver its intended climate-positive outcomes.

Moreover, increasing the nationally determined contributions (NDC) net-zero target is also expected to further contribute to the demand for carbon credit. For instance, EU Member States agreed on a 2030 domestic emissions target of at least 55% net reduction below 1990 levels and achieving the goal of emissions neutrality by 2050. On the other hand, South Korea pledged to reduce 2030 emissions by 40% below 2018 levels and achieve carbon neutrality by 2050. According to a report by the Energy & Climate Intelligence Unit and Oxford Net Zero (Taking Stock: A global assessment of net zero targets), 21% of world's largest public companies have committed to a net zero target. Increase in adoption of net zero targets are also contributing to the market growth.

Impact Analysis of COVID-19 and Way Forward:

The economic impact of the COVID-19 pandemic had the potential to shock carbon markets around the world. However, markets demonstrated remarkable resilience, first reacting rationally to lower demand through price decreases, and then returning to near-normal functioning. Compared to after the global financial crisis, ETSs have weathered the shock without major effects.

The global voluntary carbon market has experienced positive growth during the pandemic. In 2020, airlines rolled back their purchases to match lower emissions, whereas broader corporate demand for voluntary carbon offsets was increasing. Then, as the year progressed, so did the number of carbon-neutral pledges from individual companies like Amazon and Microsoft. In the post-COVID era, factors such as government support to reduce greenhouse gas emissions are anticipated to drive market growth.

Competitive Landscape:

The key initiatives/ Emission Trading Systems (ETS) of the global carbon credit market are:

EU ETS
California Cap-and-Trade Program
Regional Greenhouse Gas Initiative (RGGI)
Korea Emissions Trading System
UK ETS
China National ETS

The European Union Emissions Trading System (EU ETS) represents the central pillar of the EU’s policy to combat climate change and a key tool for reducing, on a cost-effective basis, GHG emissions from the regulated sectors. The system covered 36% of the total emissions of the European Economic Area (EEA) in 2020–21, encompassing activities from the power sector, manufacturing industry, and aviation (including flights from the EEA to the United Kingdom).

The Regional Greenhouse Gas Initiative (RGGI) is the first mandatory GHG ETS in the US and covers emissions from the power sector. The system started operating in 2009 with 10 states (Connecticut, Delaware, Maine, Maryland, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Rhode Island, and Vermont).

The UK Emissions Trading Scheme (UK ETS) started in January 2021. Many design elements of the new system mirror those in phase 4 of the EU ETS, in which the UK had participated since 2005. The UK ETS covers energy-intensive industries, the power sector, and aviation within the UK and European Economic Area (EEA), together making up about one-third of the UK’s GHG emissions.

Global Carbon Credit (Compliance & Voluntary) Market: Analysis By Traded Value, By Traded Volume, By Segment (Europe, North America, UK ETS, New Zealand, South Korea, China, and CERs), By Project Category (Forestry and Land Use, Renewable Energy, Chemical Process/Industrial Manufacturing, Household/Community Devices, Waste Disposal, Energy Efficiency/ Fuel Switching, Agriculture, and Transportation), By Region Size and Trends with Impact of COVID-19 and Forecast up to 2028 - Report Summary
Report Metrics Details
Years Considered 2018-2028
Base Year 2022
Forecast Period 2023-2028
Page Count 208
Units Referenced US$ and MtCO2e
Segments/Key Topics By Traded Value, By Traded Volume, By Segment, By Project Category
Regions Covered Asia (India, China, Indonesia, and the Rest of Asia), Latin America (Brazil, Peru, and the Rest of Latin America), Africa, North America (The US, Canada, and Mexico), Oceania, and Europe
Key Companies Mentioned EU ETS, California Cap-and-Trade Program, Regional Greenhouse Gas Initiative (RGGI), Korea Emissions Trading System, UK ETS, and China National ETS

Five FAQs about the Report

What is the size of this market?
The global carbon credit (compliance & voluntary) market traded value was US$978.56 billion in 2022. On the other hand, the global carbon credit market traded volume reached 13.22 GtCO2e in 2022.

What is the forecasted growth for this market?
The global carbon credit market is expected to reach US$2.68 trillion by 2028, growing at a CAGR of 18.23% during the forecast period of 2023-2028. On the other hand, the global carbon credit market traded volume is expected to reach 19.57 GtCO2e by 2028, growing at a CAGR of 6.78%.

What are key factors driving this market?
In recent years, there has been unprecedented momentum among global corporates to accelerate climate actions, driven by the growing pressure from governments, society, and financial market players. Despite a myriad of concerns around the existing practice of using carbon offsets as part of corporates’ environmental strategies, corporate pledges have resulted in explosive growth in demand for carbon credit.

How is this market segmented in this report?
The global carbon credit market traded value and traded volume can be segmented as Compliance Market and Voluntary Market. The global compliance carbon market can be further segmented as Europe, North America, UK ETS, New Zealand, South Korea, China, and Certified Emission Reductions (CERs). Also, the voluntary carbon market can be further segmented based on project categories, namely, Forestry and Land Use, Renewable Energy, Chemical Process/Industrial Manufacturing, Household/Community Devices, Waste Disposal, Energy Efficiency/ Fuel Switching, Agriculture, and Transportation.

What is the definition of this market in this report?
A carbon credit is a way to measure, value, and trade a verifiable and quantifiable amount of GHG emissions with one credit universally understood to mean one ton of carbon dioxide or equivalent (tCO2e). Compliance carbon market is typically a Cap-and-Trade system, where-in a certain cap is fixed for carbon emissions by specific sectors. The voluntary carbon market enables carbon emitters to compensate for their unabated emissions by purchasing carbon credits produced by projects targeted at removing or reducing greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from the atmosphere.

What are the major influences driving the growth/decline of this market?
The global carbon credit market is expected to increase due to rising carbon emissions, growing coverage of carbon pricing initiatives, increase in carbon pricing, increase in adoption of net zero targets, the establishment of CORSIA, etc. Yet the market faces some challenges such as difficulty in mobilizing potential supply, problems of homogeneity, justice, gaming, and knowledge, etc. Moreover, the market growth would succeed by various market trends like increasing the number of VCM platforms, increasing corporate efforts in carbon offsetting, carbon as a new investment asset class, article 6 agreement redefining global carbon offset markets, etc.


1. Executive Summary
2. Introduction
2.1 Carbon Credit: An Overview
2.1.1 Introduction to Carbon Credit
Table 1: Types of Carbon Credit Market
2.1.2 Compliance v/s. Voluntary Market
Table 2: Compliance v/s. Voluntary Market
2.2 Carbon Credit Segmentation: An Overview
2.2.1 Compliance Carbon Segmentation
Table 3: Compliance Carbon Segmentation
2.2.2 Voluntary Carbon Segmentation
Table 4: Voluntary Carbon Segmentation
3. Global Market Analysis
3.1 Global Carbon Credit Market: Traded Value Analysis
3.1.1 Global Carbon Credit Market by Traded Value: An Overview
3.1.2 Global Carbon Credit Market by Traded Value
Table 5: Global Carbon Credit Market by Traded Value; 2018-2022 (US$ Billion)
Table 6: Global Carbon Credit Market by Traded Value; 2023-2028 (US$ Trillion)
3.1.3 Global Carbon Credit Market Traded Value by Type (Compliance Carbon Market and Voluntary Carbon Market)
Table 7: Global Carbon Credit Market Traded Value by Type; 2022 (Percentage, %)
3.2 Global Carbon Credit Market: Traded Volume Analysis
3.2.1 Global Carbon Credit Market by Traded Volume: An Overview
3.2.2 Global Carbon Credit Market by Traded Volume
Table 8: Global Carbon Credit Market by Traded Volume; 2018-2022 (GtCO2e)
Table 9: Global Carbon Credit Market by Traded Volume; 2023-2028 (GtCO2e)
3.2.3 Global Carbon Credit Market Traded Volume by Type (Compliance Carbon Market and Voluntary Carbon Market)
Table 10: Global Carbon Credit Market Traded Volume by Type; 2022 (Percentage, %)
3.3 Global Compliance Carbon Market: An Analysis
3.3.1 Global Compliance Carbon Market: An Overview
3.3.2 Global Compliance Carbon Market by Traded Value
Table 11: Global Compliance Carbon Market by Traded Value; 2018-2022 (US$ Billion)
Table 12: Global Compliance Carbon Market by Traded Value; 2023-2028 (US$ Trillion)
3.3.3 Global Compliance Carbon Market Traded Value by Segment (Europe, North America, UK ETS, New Zealand, South Korea, China, and Certified Emission Reductions (CERs))
Table 13: Global Compliance Carbon Market Traded Value by Segment; 2022 (Percentage, %)
3.3.4 Global Compliance Carbon Market by Traded Volume
Table 14: Global Compliance Carbon Market by Traded Volume; 2018-2022 (GtCO2e)
Table 15: Global Compliance Carbon Market by Traded Volume; 2023-2028 (GtCO2e)
3.3.5 Global Compliance Carbon Market Traded Volume by Segment (Europe, North America, UK ETS, China, New Zealand, South Korea, and Certified Emission Reductions (CERs))
Table 16: Global Compliance Carbon Market Traded Volume by Segment; 2022 (Percentage, %)
3.4 Global Compliance Carbon Market: Segment Analysis
3.4.1 Global Compliance Carbon Market by Segment: An Overview
3.4.2 Europe Compliance Carbon Market by Traded Value
Table 17: Europe Compliance Carbon Market by Traded Value; 2018-2022 (US$ Billion)
3.4.3 Europe Compliance Carbon Market Traded Value by Segment (EUAs Exchange Traded, EUAs Auctioned, EUAs OTC, and Aviation EUAs)
Table 18: Europe Compliance Carbon Market Traded Value by Segment; 2022 (Percentage, %)
3.4.4 Europe Compliance Carbon Market Segment by Traded Value
Table 19: Europe Compliance Carbon Market Segment by Traded Value; 2018-2022 (US$ Billion)
3.4.5 Europe Compliance Carbon Market by Traded Volume
Table 20: Europe Compliance Carbon Market by Traded Volume; 2018-2022 (GtCO2e)
3.4.6 Europe Compliance Carbon Market Traded Volume by Segment (EUAs Exchange Traded, EUAs Auctioned, EUAs OTC, and Aviation EUAs)
Table 21: Europe Compliance Carbon Market Traded Volume by Segment; 2022 (Percentage, %)
3.4.7 Europe Compliance Carbon Market Segment by Traded Volume
Table 22: Europe Compliance Carbon Market Segment by Traded Volume; 2018-2022 (Mtco2e)
3.4.8 North America Compliance Carbon Market by Traded Value
Table 23: North America Compliance Carbon Market by Traded Value; 2018-2022 (US$ Billion)
3.4.9 North America Compliance Carbon Market Traded Value by Segment (WCI and RGGI)
Table 24: North America Compliance Carbon Market Traded Value by Segment; 2022 (Percentage, %)
3.4.10 North America Compliance Carbon Market Segment by Traded Value
Table 25: North America Compliance Carbon Market Segment by Traded Value; 2018-2022 (US$ Billion)
3.4.11 North America Compliance Carbon Market by Traded Volume
Table 26: North America Compliance Carbon Market by Traded Volume; 2018-2022 (GtCO2e)
3.4.12 North America Compliance Carbon Market Traded Volume by Segment (WCI and RGGI)
Table 27: North America Compliance Carbon Market Traded Volume by Segment; 2022 (Percentage, %)
3.4.13 North America Compliance Carbon Market Segment by Traded Volume
Table 28: North America Compliance Carbon Market Segment by Traded Volume; 2018-2022 (MtCO2e)
3.4.14 UK ETS Compliance Carbon Market by Traded Value
Table 29: UK ETS Compliance Carbon Market by Traded Value; 2021-2022 (US$ Billion)
3.4.15 UK ETS Compliance Carbon Market by Traded Volume
Table 30: UK ETS Compliance Carbon Market by Traded Volume; 2021-2022 (MtCO2e)
3.4.16 New Zealand Compliance Carbon Market by Traded Value
Table 31: New Zealand Compliance Carbon Market by Traded Value; 2018-2022 (US$ Million)
3.4.17 New Zealand Compliance Carbon Market by Traded Volume
Table 32: New Zealand Compliance Carbon Market by Traded Volume; 2018-2022 (MtCO2e)
3.4.18 South Korea Compliance Carbon Market by Traded Value
Table 33: South Korea Compliance Carbon Market by Traded Value; 2018-2022 (US$ Million)
3.4.19 South Korea Compliance Carbon Market by Traded Volume
Table 34: South Korea Compliance Carbon Market by Traded Volume; 2018-2022 (MtCO2e)
3.4.20 China Compliance Carbon Market by Traded Value
Table 35: China Compliance Carbon Market by Traded Value; 2018-2022 (US$ Million)
3.4.21 China Compliance Carbon Market by Traded Volume
Table 36: China Compliance Carbon Market by Traded Volume; 2018-2022 (MtCO2e)
3.4.22 Certified Emission Reductions (CERs) Compliance Carbon Market by Traded Value
Table 37: Certified Emission Reductions (CERs) Compliance Carbon Market by Traded Value; 2018-2022 (US$ Million)
3.4.23 Certified Emission Reductions (CERs) Compliance Carbon Market Traded Value by Segment (Primary and Secondary)
Table 38: Certified Emission Reductions (CERs) Compliance Carbon Market Traded Value by Segment; 2018 & 2022 (Percentage, %)
3.4.24 Certified Emission Reductions (CERs) Compliance Carbon Market Segment by Traded Value
Table 39: Certified Emission Reductions (CERs) Compliance Carbon Market Segment by Traded Value; 2018-2022 (US$ Million)
3.4.25 Certified Emission Reductions (CERs) Compliance Carbon Market by Traded Volume
Table 40: Certified Emission Reductions (CERs) Compliance Carbon Market by Traded Volume; 2018-2022 (MtCO2e)
3.4.26 Certified Emission Reductions (CERs) Compliance Carbon Market Traded Volume by Segment (Primary and Secondary)
Table 41: Certified Emission Reductions (CERs) Compliance Carbon Market Traded Volume by Segment; 2018 & 2022 (Percentage, %)
3.4.27 Certified Emission Reductions (CERs) Compliance Carbon Market Segment by Traded Volume
Table 42: Certified Emission Reductions (CERs) Compliance Carbon Market Segment by Traded Volume; 2018-2022 (MtCO2e)
3.5 Global Voluntary Carbon Market: An Analysis
3.5.1 Global Voluntary Carbon Market: An Overview
3.5.2 Global Voluntary Carbon Market by Traded Value
Table 43: Global Voluntary Carbon Market by Traded Value; 2018-2022 (US$ Million)
Table 44: Global Voluntary Carbon Market by Traded Value; 2023-2028 (US$ Billion)
3.5.3 Global Voluntary Carbon Market Traded Value by Project Category (Forestry and Land Use, Renewable Energy, Chemical Process/Industrial Manufacturing, Household/Community Devices, Waste Disposal, Energy Efficiency/ Fuel Switching, Agriculture, and Transportation)
Table 45: Global Voluntary Carbon Market Traded Value by Project Category; 2022 (Percentage, %)
3.5.4 Global Voluntary Carbon Market Traded Value by Region (Asia, Africa, Latin America, North America, Oceania, and Europe)
Table 46: Global Voluntary Carbon Market Traded Value by Region; 2022 (Percentage, %)
3.5.5 Global Voluntary Carbon Market by Traded Volume
Table 47: Global Voluntary Carbon Market by Traded Volume; 2018-2022 (MtCO2e)
Table 48: Global Voluntary Carbon Market by Traded Volume; 2023-2028 (MtCO2e)
3.5.6 Global Voluntary Carbon Market Traded Volume by Project Category (Forestry and Land Use, Renewable Energy, Chemical Process/Industrial Manufacturing, Waste Disposal, Energy Efficiency/ Fuel Switching, Household/Community Devices, Transportation, and Agriculture)
Table 49: Global Voluntary Carbon Market Traded Volume by Project Category; 2022 (Percentage, %)
3.5.7 Global Voluntary Carbon Market Traded Volume by Region (Asia, Latin America, Africa, North America, Europe, and Oceania)
Table 50: Global Voluntary Carbon Market Traded Volume by Region; 2022 (Percentage, %)
3.6 Global Voluntary Carbon Market: Project Category Analysis
3.6.1 Global Voluntary Carbon Market by Project Category: An Overview
3.6.2 Global Forestry and Land Use Voluntary Carbon Market by Traded Value
Table 51: Global Forestry and Land Use Voluntary Carbon Market by Traded Value; 2018-2022 (US$ Million)
Table 52: Global Forestry and Land Use Voluntary Carbon Market by Traded Value; 2023-2028 (US$ Billion)
3.6.3 Global Forestry and Land Use Voluntary Carbon Market by Traded Volume
Table 53: Global Forestry and Land Use Voluntary Carbon Market by Traded Volume; 2018-2022 (MtCO2e)
Table 54: Global Forestry and Land Use Voluntary Carbon Market by Traded Volume; 2023-2028 (MtCO2e)
3.6.4 Global Renewable Energy Voluntary Carbon Market by Traded Value
Table 55: Global Renewable Energy Voluntary Carbon Market by Traded Value; 2018-2022 (US$ Million)
Table 56: Global Renewable Energy Voluntary Carbon Market by Traded Value; 2023-2028 (US$ Billion)
3.6.5 Global Renewable Energy Voluntary Carbon Market by Traded Volume
Table 57: Global Renewable Energy Voluntary Carbon Market by Traded Volume; 2018-2022 (MtCO2e)
Table 58: Global Renewable Energy Voluntary Carbon Market by Traded Volume; 2023-2028 (MtCO2e)
3.6.6 Global Chemical Process/Industrial Manufacturing Voluntary Carbon Market by Traded Value
Table 59: Global Chemical Process/Industrial Manufacturing Voluntary Carbon Market by Traded Value; 2018-2022 (US$ Million)
Table 60: Global Chemical Process/Industrial Manufacturing Voluntary Carbon Market by Traded Value; 2023-2028 (US$ Million)
3.6.7 Global Chemical Process/Industrial Manufacturing Voluntary Carbon Market by Traded Volume
Table 61: Global Chemical Process/Industrial Manufacturing Voluntary Carbon Market by Traded Volume; 2018-2022 (MtCO2e)
Table 62: Global Chemical Process/Industrial Manufacturing Voluntary Carbon Market by Traded Volume; 2023-2028 (MtCO2e)
3.6.8 Global Household/Community Devices Voluntary Carbon Market by Traded Value
Table 63: Global Household/Community Devices Voluntary Carbon Market by Traded Value; 2018-2022 (US$ Million)
Table 64: Global Household/Community Devices Voluntary Carbon Market by Traded Value; 2023-2028 (US$ Million)
3.6.9 Global Household/Community Devices Voluntary Carbon Market by Traded Volume
Table 65: Global Household/Community Devices Voluntary Carbon Market by Traded Volume; 2018-2022 (MtCO2e)
Table 66: Global Household/Community Devices Voluntary Carbon Market by Traded Volume; 2023-2028 (MtCO2e)
3.6.10 Global Waste Disposal Voluntary Carbon Market by Traded Value
Table 67: Global Waste Disposal Voluntary Carbon Market by Traded Value; 2018-2022 (US$ Million)
Table 68: Global Waste Disposal Voluntary Carbon Market by Traded Value; 2023-2028 (US$ Million)
3.6.11 Global Waste Disposal Voluntary Carbon Market by Traded Volume
Table 69: Global Waste Disposal Voluntary Carbon Market by Traded Volume; 2018-2022 (MtCO2e)
Table 70: Global Waste Disposal Voluntary Carbon Market by Traded Volume; 2023-2028 (MtCO2e)
3.6.12 Global Energy Efficiency/ Fuel Switching Voluntary Carbon Market by Traded Value
Table 71: Global Energy Efficiency/ Fuel Switching Voluntary Carbon Market by Traded Value; 2018-2022 (US$ Million)
Table 72: Global Energy Efficiency/ Fuel Switching Voluntary Carbon Market by Traded Value; 2023-2028 (US$ Million)
3.6.13 Global Energy Efficiency/ Fuel Switching Voluntary Carbon Market by Traded Volume
Table 73: Global Energy Efficiency/ Fuel Switching Voluntary Carbon Market by Traded Volume; 2018-2022 (MtCO2e)
Table 74: Global Energy Efficiency/ Fuel Switching Voluntary Carbon Market by Traded Volume; 2023-2028 (MtCO2e)
3.6.14 Global Agriculture Voluntary Carbon Market by Traded Value
Table 75: Global Agriculture Voluntary Carbon Market by Traded Value; 2021-2022 (US$ Million)
Table 76: Global Agriculture Voluntary Carbon Market by Traded Value; 2023-2028 (US$ Million)
3.6.15 Global Agriculture Voluntary Carbon Market by Traded Volume
Table 77: Global Agriculture Voluntary Carbon Market by Traded Volume; 2021-2022 (MtCO2e)
Table 78: Global Agriculture Voluntary Carbon Market by Traded Volume; 2023-2028 (MtCO2e)
3.6.16 Global Transportation Voluntary Carbon Market by Traded Value
Table 79: Global Transportation Voluntary Carbon Market by Traded Value; 2021-2022 (US$ Million)
Table 80: Global Transportation Voluntary Carbon Market by Traded Value; 2023-2028 (US$ Million)
3.6.17 Global Transportation Voluntary Carbon Market by Traded Volume
Table 81: Global Transportation Voluntary Carbon Market by Traded Volume; 2021-2022 (MtCO2e)
Table 82: Global Transportation Voluntary Carbon Market by Traded Volume; 2023-2028 (MtCO2e)
4. Regional Market Analysis
4.1 Asia Voluntary Carbon Market: An Analysis
4.1.1 Asia Voluntary Carbon Market: An Overview
4.1.2 Asia Voluntary Carbon Market by Traded Value
Table 83: Asia Voluntary Carbon Market by Traded Value; 2018-2022 (US$ Million)
Table 84: Asia Voluntary Carbon Market by Traded Value; 2023-2028 (US$ Billion)
4.1.3 Asia Voluntary Carbon Market by Region (India, China, Indonesia, and Rest of Asia)
Table 85: Asia Voluntary Carbon Market by Region; 2022 (Percentage, %)
4.1.4 India Voluntary Carbon Market by Traded Value
Table 86: India Voluntary Carbon Market by Traded Value; 2019-2022 (US$ Million)
Table 87: India Voluntary Carbon Market by Traded Value; 2023-2028 (US$ Billion)
4.1.5 China Voluntary Carbon Market by Traded Value
Table 88: China Voluntary Carbon Market by Traded Value; 2019-2022 (US$ Million)
Table 89: China Voluntary Carbon Market by Traded Value; 2023-2028 (US$ Billion)
4.1.6 Indonesia Voluntary Carbon Market by Traded Value
Table 90: Indonesia Voluntary Carbon Market by Traded Value; 2019-2022 (US$ Million)
Table 91: Indonesia Voluntary Carbon Market by Traded Value; 2023-2028 (US$ Million)
4.1.7 Rest of Asia Voluntary Carbon Market by Traded Value
Table 92: Rest of Asia Voluntary Carbon Market by Traded Value; 2019-2022 (US$ Million)
Table 93: Rest of Asia Voluntary Carbon Market by Traded Value; 2023-2028 (US$ Million)
4.1.8 Asia Voluntary Carbon Market by Traded Volume
Table 94: Asia Voluntary Carbon Market by Traded Volume; 2018-2022 (MtCO2e)
Table 95: Asia Voluntary Carbon Market by Traded Volume; 2023-2028 (MtCO2e)
4.1.9 Asia Voluntary Carbon Market Traded Volume by Region (India, China, Indonesia, and Rest of Asia)
Table 96: Asia Voluntary Carbon Market Traded Volume by Region; 2022 (Percentage, %)
4.1.10 India Voluntary Carbon Market by Traded Volume
Table 97: India Voluntary Carbon Market by Traded Volume; 2019-2022 (MtCO2e)
Table 98: India Voluntary Carbon Market by Traded Volume; 2023-2028 (MtCO2e)
4.1.11 China Voluntary Carbon Market by Traded Volume
Table 99: China Voluntary Carbon Market by Traded Volume; 2019-2022 (MtCO2e)
Table 100: China Voluntary Carbon Market by Traded Volume; 2023-2028 (MtCO2e)
4.1.12 Indonesia Voluntary Carbon Market by Traded Volume
Table 101: Indonesia Voluntary Carbon Market by Traded Volume; 2019-2022 (MtCO2e)
Table 102: Indonesia Voluntary Carbon Market by Traded Volume; 2023-2028 (MtCO2e)
4.1.13 Rest of Asia Voluntary Carbon Market by Traded Volume
Table 103: Rest of Asia Voluntary Carbon Market by Traded Volume; 2019-2022 (MtCO2e)
Table 104: Rest of Asia Voluntary Carbon Market by Traded Volume; 2023-2028 (MtCO2e)
4.2 Latin America Voluntary Carbon Market: An Analysis
4.2.1 Latin America Voluntary Carbon Market: An Overview
4.2.2 Latin America Voluntary Carbon Market by Traded Value
Table 105: Latin America Voluntary Carbon Market by Traded Value; 2018-2022 (US$ Million)
Table 106: Latin America Voluntary Carbon Market by Traded Value; 2023-2028 (US$ Billion)
4.2.3 Latin America Voluntary Carbon Market by Region (Brazil, Peru, and the Rest of Latin America)
Table 107: Latin America Voluntary Carbon Market by Region; 2022 (Percentage, %)
4.2.4 Brazil Voluntary Carbon Market by Traded Value
Table 108: Brazil Voluntary Carbon Market by Traded Value; 2019-2022 (US$ Million)
Table 109: Brazil Voluntary Carbon Market by Traded Value; 2023-2028 (US$ Million)
4.2.5 Peru Voluntary Carbon Market by Traded Value
Table 110: Peru Voluntary Carbon Market by Traded Value; 2019-2022 (US$ Million)
Table 111: Peru Voluntary Carbon Market by Traded Value; 2023-2028 (US$ Million)
4.2.6 Rest of Latin America Voluntary Carbon Market by Traded Value
Table 112: Rest of Latin America Voluntary Carbon Market by Traded Value; 2019-2022 (US$ Million)
Table 113: Rest of Latin America Voluntary Carbon Market by Traded Value; 2023-2028 (US$ Million)
4.2.7 Latin America Voluntary Carbon Market by Traded Volume
Table 114: Latin America Voluntary Carbon Market by Traded Volume; 2018-2022 (MtCO2e)
Table 115: Latin America Voluntary Carbon Market by Traded Volume; 2023-2028 (MtCO2e)
4.2.8 Latin America Voluntary Carbon Market Traded Volume by Region (Brazil, Peru, and the Rest of Latin America)
Table 116: Latin America Voluntary Carbon Market Traded Volume by Region; 2022 (Percentage, %)
4.2.9 Brazil Voluntary Carbon Market by Traded Volume
Table 117: Brazil Voluntary Carbon Market by Traded Volume; 2019-2022 (MtCO2e)
Table 118: Brazil Voluntary Carbon Market by Traded Volume; 2023-2028 (MtCO2e)
4.2.10 Peru Voluntary Carbon Market by Traded Volume
Table 119: Peru Voluntary Carbon Market by Traded Volume; 2019-2022 (MtCO2e)
Table 120: Peru Voluntary Carbon Market by Traded Volume; 2023-2028 (MtCO2e)
4.2.11 Rest of Latin America Voluntary Carbon Market by Traded Volume
Table 121: Rest of Latin America Voluntary Carbon Market by Traded Volume; 2019-2022 (MtCO2e)
Table 122: Rest of Latin America Voluntary Carbon Market by Traded Volume; 2023-2028 (MtCO2e)
4.3 Africa Voluntary Carbon Market: An Analysis
4.3.1 Africa Voluntary Carbon Market: An Overview
4.3.2 Africa Voluntary Carbon Market by Traded Value
Table 123: Africa Voluntary Carbon Market by Traded Value; 2018-2022 (US$ Million)
Table 124: Africa Voluntary Carbon Market by Traded Value; 2023-2028 (US$ Billion)
4.3.3 Africa Voluntary Carbon Market by Traded Volume
Table 125: Africa Voluntary Carbon Market by Traded Volume; 2018-2022 (MtCO2e)
Table 126: Africa Voluntary Carbon Market by Traded Volume; 2023-2028 (MtCO2e)
4.4 North America Voluntary Carbon Market: An Analysis
4.4.1 North America Voluntary Carbon Market: An Overview
4.4.2 North America Voluntary Carbon Market by Traded Value
Table 127: North America Voluntary Carbon Market by Traded Value; 2018-2022 (US$ Million)
Table 128: North America Voluntary Carbon Market by Traded Value; 2023-2028 (US$ Million)
4.4.3 North America Voluntary Carbon Market by Region (The US, Canada, and Mexico)
Table 129: North America Voluntary Carbon Market by Region; 2022 (Percentage, %)
4.4.4 The US Voluntary Carbon Market by Traded Value
Table 130: The US Voluntary Carbon Market by Traded Value; 2019-2022 (US$ Million)
Table 131: The US Voluntary Carbon Market by Traded Value; 2023-2028 (US$ Million)
4.4.5 Canada Voluntary Carbon Market by Traded Value
Table 132: Canada Voluntary Carbon Market by Traded Value; 2019-2022 (US$ Million)
Table 133: Canada Voluntary Carbon Market by Traded Value; 2023-2028 (US$ Million)
4.4.6 Mexico Voluntary Carbon Market by Traded Value
Table 134: Mexico Voluntary Carbon Market by Traded Value; 2019-2022 (US$ Million)
Table 135: Mexico Voluntary Carbon Market by Traded Value; 2023-2028 (US$ Million)
4.4.7 North America Voluntary Carbon Market by Traded Volume
Table 136: North America Voluntary Carbon Market by Traded Volume; 2018-2022 (MtCO2e)
Table 137: North America Voluntary Carbon Market by Traded Volume; 2023-2028 (MtCO2e)
4.4.8 North America Voluntary Carbon Market Traded Volume by Region (The US, Canada, and Mexico)
Table 138: North America Voluntary Carbon Market Traded Volume by Region; 2022 (Percentage, %)
4.4.9 The US Voluntary Carbon Market by Traded Volume
Table 139: The US Voluntary Carbon Market by Traded Volume; 2019-2022 (MtCO2e)
Table 140: The US Voluntary Carbon Market by Traded Volume; 2023-2028 (MtCO2e)
4.4.10 Canada Voluntary Carbon Market by Traded Volume
Table 141: Canada Voluntary Carbon Market by Traded Volume; 2019-2022 (MtCO2e)
Table 142: Canada Voluntary Carbon Market by Traded Volume; 2023-2028 (MtCO2e)
4.4.11 Mexico Voluntary Carbon Market by Traded Volume
Table 143: Mexico Voluntary Carbon Market by Traded Volume; 2019-2022 (KtCO2e)
Table 144: Mexico Voluntary Carbon Market by Traded Volume; 2023-2028 (KtCO2e)
4.5 Oceania Voluntary Carbon Market: An Analysis
4.5.1 Oceania Voluntary Carbon Market: An Overview
4.5.2 Oceania Voluntary Carbon Market by Traded Value
Table 145: Oceania Voluntary Carbon Market by Traded Value; 2018-2022 (US$ Million)
Table 146: Oceania Voluntary Carbon Market by Traded Value; 2023-2028 (US$ Million)
4.5.3 Oceania Voluntary Carbon Market by Traded Volume
Table 147: Oceania Voluntary Carbon Market by Traded Volume; 2018-2022 (KtCO2e)
Table 148: Oceania Voluntary Carbon Market by Traded Volume; 2023-2028 (KtCO2e)
4.6 Europe Voluntary Carbon Market: An Analysis
4.6.1 Europe Voluntary Carbon Market: An Overview
4.6.2 Europe Voluntary Carbon Market by Traded Value
Table 149: Europe Voluntary Carbon Market by Traded Value; 2018-2022 (US$ Million)
Table 150: Europe Voluntary Carbon Market by Traded Value; 2023-2028 (US$ Million)
4.6.3 Europe Voluntary Carbon Market by Traded Volume
Table 151: Europe Voluntary Carbon Market by Traded Volume; 2018-2022 (MtCO2e)
Table 152: Europe Voluntary Carbon Market by Traded Volume; 2023-2028 (MtCO2e)
5. Impact of COVID-19
5.1 Impact of COVID-19 on Carbon Credit Market
5.2 Impact of COVID-19 on Carbon Prices
5.3 Investments in Green Recovery Plans
6. Market Dynamics
6.1 Growth Driver
6.1.1 Rising Carbon Emission
Table 153: Global Annual Carbon Emission; 2010-2022 (GtCo2)
6.1.2 Growing Coverage of Carbon Pricing Initiatives
Table 154: Global Share of Annual Greenhouse Emissions Covered by Carbon Pricing Initiatives: 2016-2022 (Percentage, %)
6.1.3 Increase in Carbon Pricing
Table 155: Prices in Implemented Carbon Pricing Initiatives; 2018-2022 (US$/tCO2e)
6.1.4 Increase in Adoption of Net Zero Targets
Table 156: Net Zero Emission Target Announcements; 2022 (Percentage, %)
Table 157: Number of Companies with SBTi Commitments; 2019-2022 (Unit)
6.1.5 Establishment of CORSIA
6.1.6 Increasing Demand for Natural Climate Solutions
6.2 Challenges
6.2.1 Insufficient Governance
6.2.2 No Standard Measurement of Quality
6.2.3 Difficulty in Mobilizing Potential Supply
6.2.4 Problems of Homogeneity, Justice, Gaming, and Knowledge
6.3 Market Trends
6.3.1 Increasing Number of Voluntary Carbon Market (VCM) Platforms
Table 158: VCM Platforms Operational or to be Launched
6.3.2 Booming Venture Capital (VC) Deals in NBS/Carbon Removal
Table 159: Venture Capital (VC) Deals in NBS/Carbon Removal
6.3.3 Increasing Corporates Efforts in Carbon Offsetting
Table 160: Net-Zero Initiatives Taken by Large Corporates
6.3.4 Key Nationally Determined Contributions (NDC) Net-Zero Targets
Table 161: NDC Net-Zero Targets
6.3.5 Key Initiatives Framing the Future
Table 162: Key Initiatives Framing the Future
6.3.6 Article 6 Agreement Redefining Global Carbon Offset Markets
6.3.7 Carbon as a New Investment Asset Class
6.3.8 Emergence of Carbon Credit Rating Agencies
7. Competitive Landscape
7.1 Emissions Trading Schemes: Key Comparison
Table 163: Emissions Trading Schemes: Key Comparison
7.2 Emissions Trading Systems: Implemented/ Under Consideration
Table 164: Emissions Trading Systems Implemented, Scheduled and Under Consideration
8. Initiatives/Emission Trading Systems Profiles
8.1 EU ETS
8.1.1 Overview
8.1.2 Offsets and Credits
Table 165: EU ETS Offsets and Credits
8.1.3 Auction Revenue
Table 166: EU ETS Auction Revenue; 2018-2022 (US$ Billion)
8.1.4 Annual Cap on Stationary Installations
Table 167: EU ETS Annual Cap on Stationary Installations; 2013-2021 (MtCo2e)
8.2 California Cap-and-Trade Program
8.2.1 Overview
8.2.2 Offsets and Credits
Table 168: California Cap-and-Trade Offsets and Credits
8.2.3 Auction Revenue
Table 169: California Cap-and-Trade Program Auction Revenue; 2018-2022 (US$ Billion)
8.2.4 Annual Cap
Table 170: California Cap-and-Trade Program Annual Cap; 2018-2030 (MtCo2e)
8.3 Regional Greenhouse Gas Initiative (RGGI)
8.3.1 Overview
8.3.2 Offsets and Credits
Table 171: Regional Greenhouse Gas Initiative Offsets and Credits
8.3.3 Auction Revenue
Table 172: Regional Greenhouse Gas Initiative Auction Revenue; 2018-2022 (US$ Million)
8.3.4 Annual Cap
Table 173: Regional Greenhouse Gas Initiative Annual Cap; 2014-2023 (MtCO2e)
8.4 Korea Emissions Trading System
8.4.1 Overview
8.4.2 Offsets and Credits
Table 174: Korea Emissions Trading System Offsets and Credits
8.4.3 Auction Revenue
Table 175: Korea Emissions Trading System Auction Revenue; 2019-2022 (US$ Million)
8.4.4 Annual Cap
Table 176: Korea Emissions Trading System Annual Cap; 2015-2025 (MtCO2e)
8.5 UK ETS
8.5.1 Overview
8.5.2 Offset and Credits
8.5.3 Auction Revenue
Table 177: UK ETS Auction Revenue; 2021-2022 (US$ Billion)
8.5.4 Annual Cap
Table 178: UK ETS Annual Cap; 2021-2023 (MtCO2e)
8.6 China National ETS
8.6.1 Overview
8.6.2 Offset and Credits
8.6.3 Annual Cap
Table 179: China National ETS Annual Cap; 2019-2021 (MtCO2e)

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