Hereditary orotic aciduria (HOA) is a very rare inborn error of pyrimidine metabolism. It results from a defect of the uridine-5-monophosphate synthase (UMPS) gene. Hereditary orotic aciduria is an extremely rare genetic disorder. When untreated, affected infants can develop a blood (hematologic) disorder called megaloblastic anemia as well as failure to thrive, susceptibility to infection, and orotic acid crystals in the urine (crystalluria), resulting from excretion of orotic acid in the urine. Since, very few individuals have been identified with this disorder, not much is known of hereditary orotic aciduria. It is the only known as the enzyme deficiency of the pyrimidine biosynthetic pathway, resulting from a deficiency in one or both of the activities of the bifunctional enzyme uridine-5-monophosphate synthase (UMPS). The presumed cause of HOA is biallelic missense mutations resulting in decreased levels of the enzyme and impaired substrate binding. UMPS defects lead to the accumulation of orotate (OA) and/or of orotidine monophosphate (OMP), which eventually getsexcreted in the urine. The hallmarks of the disease are a megaloblastic bone marrow that is refractory to hematinic therapy, accompanied by a markedly increased excretion of orotic acid in the urine.
Market Dynamics:
Increasing government initiatives for rare diseases is expected to drive the growth of the market over the forecast period. For instance, in March 2021, the government of India has launched National Policy for Rare Diseases (NPRD) for the treatment of rare disease patients. The salient features of NPRD, 2021 are as under: The rare diseases have been identified and categorized into 3 groups namely Group 1, Group 2 and Group 3.
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