Rare earth metal compounds refer to compounds formed by rare earth elements and other elements. These compounds have a wide range of application values in many fields due to their unique physical and chemical properties. According to CRI analysis, common rare earth metal compounds include rare earth oxides (such as cerium oxide, lanthanum oxide, neodymium oxide), rare earth chlorides, rare earth sulfides, rare earth nitrates, rare earth carbonates, etc.
Rare earth metal compounds are key materials in modern industry and high-tech fields. In industry, rare earth metal compounds are separated and purified from ores, and can be reduced to rare earth metal elements, which are then used to prepare high-end materials and can also be used directly as catalysts.
Cerium oxide is one of the most important rare earth compounds and is widely used in automobile exhaust catalysts to reduce pollution emissions. Neodymium oxide and dysprosium oxide are important raw materials for the production of high-performance permanent magnetic materials (such as neodymium iron boron magnets), and play an important role in green energy fields such as wind turbines and electric vehicle motors. Lanthanum oxide is used to produce optical glass and ceramic materials to improve their optical properties.
According to CRI analysis, rare earth compounds also play a key role in LED lighting, electronic display screens, medical imaging equipment, aerospace materials, and petrochemical catalysts. For example, rare earth sulfides and nitrides are widely used in the manufacture of high-performance ceramics and luminescent materials. With the development of the global economy and the expansion of the environmental protection industry, the demand for rare earth metal-related materials has expanded rapidly.
The upstream industry of rare earth metal compounds mainly includes the mining and preliminary separation and processing of rare earth ores. According to CRI analysis, rare earth ores are mainly divided into light rare earth ores (such as bastnaesite) and heavy rare earth ores (such as ionic rare earth ores). After beneficiation and smelting processes, the primary products of rare earth oxides and rare earth metals can be obtained. The downstream industry chain includes the deep processing and synthesis of rare earth compounds and their application in various terminal products, such as permanent magnet materials, luminescent materials, catalysts and special alloys.
Vietnam's rare earth resource reserves rank second in the world, reaching 22 million tons, second only to China. According to CRI analysis, Vietnam's rare earth deposits are concentrated in the northern region, such as Lai Chau Province and Ha Giang Province. However, Vietnam's rare earth industry is still in its early stages of development, with limited rare earth ore mining and processing capabilities, and the depth of the industrial chain is not as good as that of China and Australia. In 2023, Vietnam's rare earth production is estimated to be about 600 tons, with great room for expansion.
Vietnam's rare earth exports are mainly concentrated in the field of light rare earth oxides. Due to the lack of advanced separation technology and high-end processing capabilities, its export products have low added value. According to CRI analysis, as the international market demand for rare earths increases, Vietnam is actively attracting foreign investment to promote the improvement of the rare earth industry chain.
In the mineral exploration, mining, processing and utilization plan from 2021 to 2030 and the vision to 2050, Vietnam has determined that for rare earths, from now to 2030, it will complete the relevant tasks of the two Laizhou rare earth mine licensed exploration projects, explore, upgrade and expand the mines with mining licenses, and invest in new exploration in Laizhou, Lao Cai and Yen Bai; and promote the construction of rare earth oxide processing plants. It is expected that by 2030, Vietnam's rare earth metal compound production will reach 20,000-60,000 tons per year.
According to CRI data, the total export value of Vietnam's rare earth metal compounds in 2023 was approximately US$100 million, and the export value of Vietnam's rare earth metal compounds from January to October 2024 was approximately US$33 million. It is expected to maintain a steady growth rate in the next few years.
According to CRI analysis, the main export destinations of Vietnam's rare earth metal compounds from 2021 to 2024 are Hong Kong, China, Japan and other places. The main companies importing rare earth metal compounds from Vietnam include INTEGRAL MATERIALS INVESTMENT CO, LTD, QIANDONG RARE EARTH GROUP CO, LTD, GANZHOU RARE-EARTH METALS LTD etc.
In recent years, the global new energy, electronic information industry and environmental protection technology industry have developed rapidly, and the market prospects of rare earth compounds are becoming more and more broad. As an emerging country with rare earth resources, Vietnam's rare earth compound industry will gradually increase its status and influence in the international market.
According to CRI's forecast, with the continuous progress and development of Vietnam's rare earth metal compound industry in development, processing, technology and other aspects, as well as the inflow of foreign capital, the steady increase in international rare earth metal compound market demand and the pursuit of supply chain diversification, Vietnam's exports of rare earth metal compounds are expected to continue to grow in the next few years. CRI recommends that companies related to the global rare earth industry chain can investigate Vietnam's rare earth metal compound industry as soon as possible to prepare for entering Vietnam's rare earth industry chain in the next few years.
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