Diammonium phosphate (DAP, diammonium hydrogen phosphate) is one of the most widely used fertilizers globally. It is a high-concentration, efficient binary compound fertilizer made from two essential nutrients for plant growth: nitrogen and phosphorus, containing approximately 46% P2O5 and 18% N. Its characteristics include high solubility in water, rapid nutrient release, increased phosphate content in the soil, quick absorption and utilization by plant roots after application, minimal solid residue after dissolution, and suitability for various crops and soils. Due to its relatively high nutrient content and excellent physical properties, it is extensively used.
Vietnam is a major agricultural country in the world, where agriculture plays a vital role in the national economy and serves as one of its supporting industries. In 2023, agriculture contributed 12% to Vietnam's real GDP growth, with more than 50% of the population engaged in agriculture, and arable and forest land covering 60% of the total land area. According to CRI, due to limited local fertilizer production capacity and output, Vietnam needs to import 3-4 million tons of fertilizer annually. Vietnam is also one of the largest users of chemical fertilizers in the world, heavily relying on imports, with an annual consumption of nearly 7.7 million tons and over 4 million tons of fertilizer imported each year. The import market of diammonium phosphate in Vietnam is similarly dependent on imported products.
In 2023, Vietnam established 1,400 new agricultural enterprises, bringing the total number of agricultural enterprises to over 16,100, indicating strong development momentum in downstream industries of diammonium phosphate. Vietnam is one of the top 15 agricultural product exporters globally and the second-largest in Southeast Asia, with a substantial demand for fertilizer products.
According to CRI, over the past five years, the fertilizer market in Vietnam has shown an overall upward trend, with an apparent annual consumption exceeding 6 million tons and a market scale of over USD 2 billion annually. Compound fertilizers are the most imported type, accounting for more than 35% of the total import value. Diammonium phosphate is a major category of compound fertilizers, with Vietnam's imports amounting to USD 271 million in 2023. From January to May 2024, Vietnam imported approximately USD 160 million worth of diammonium phosphate, demonstrating a continuous growth trend in market demand.
Based on the analysis of CRI, the primary sources of diammonium phosphate imports for Vietnam from 2021 to 2024 include China, Singapore, South Korea, and Thailand. Major companies exporting this product to Vietnam include Yunnan Yuntianhua Honglin Chemical, Sojitz Corporation, and Purefert, with Chinese enterprises holding a significant market share. The main importers in Vietnam comprise both local fertilizer distributors and foreign-invested enterprises, such as TGO HAIPHONG, JAPAN VIETNAM FERTILIZER, and NGUYEN PHAN CO, LTD.
Overall, with population growth and continuous agricultural development in Vietnam, the demand for diammonium phosphate will continue to rise. According to CRI, the import of diammonium phosphate in Vietnam is expected to maintain a growth trend in the coming years, playing a crucial role in stabilizing and boosting agricultural production in the country.
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