Ammonium nitrate (chemical formula NH4NO3) is an inorganic compound composed of ammonia and nitric acid. It is a common fertilizer widely used in agriculture to provide essential nitrogen for plant growth. Containing about 34% nitrogen, ammonium nitrate is an effective nitrogen source that supplies nutrients quickly to plants, promoting their development. This kind of fertilizer is suitable for various crops and soil types, especially in nitrogen-deficient soils. With global population growth leading to a rising demand for food, boosting agricultural yields has gradually become a priority for many nations, driving up the fertilizer market and, consequently, the demand for ammonium nitrate.
Currently, major ammonium nitrate producers include China, Russia, the United States, Ukraine, and Australia. According to CRI, Russia is the world’s largest ammonium nitrate producer and exporter, holding a significant production advantage worldwide, followed by the United States and China. In terms of market demand, agriculture-driven regions in Africa, Latin America, and Asia are the largest ammonium nitrate consumers. India, being a major agricultural country, also sees a steadily increasing consumption of ammonium nitrate.
India's demand for ammonium nitrate continues to grow. According to CRI, the annual demand has increased by about 6-7% in recent years, largely driven by the agricultural sector. India, with crops like rice, wheat, corn, and sugarcane, depends heavily on ammonium nitrate, especially during the monsoon (Kharif) and winter planting (Rabi) seasons. Additionally, the Indian government’s substantial subsidy policy on ammonium nitrate has made it a low-cost fertilizer, greatly stimulating farmers’ demand. However, due to limited domestic production capacity, India requires significant imports to bridge the supply gap each year.
According to CRI data, India's total ammonium nitrate imports reached USD 198 million in 2023, with strong demand continuing into 2024. From January to July 2024, India imported approximately USD 103 million in ammonium nitrate, with market demand expected to keep rising in the coming years.
Based on CRI’s analysis, India's primary import sources for ammonium nitrate include Russia, Bulgaria, Georgia, Turkey, and Singapore, with Russia being the largest supplier. From 2021 to 2024, Russia, Bulgaria, and Georgia remained the top three sources of ammonium nitrate imports to India. The main companies exporting to India during this period include DREYMOOR FERTILIZERS OVERSEAS PTE.LTD, SWISS SINGAPORE OVERSEAS ENTERPRISES, and ADITYA BIRLA GLOBAL TRADING, while key importers include SRI LANKA STATE TRDG (GEN) CORP LTD, NITRO CHEMICALS LTD, and DETONATOR BLASTING AND CONTRACTING, among others.
Overall, India’s ammonium nitrate market shows substantial demand. CRI indicates that although India has some domestic production capacity, it is insufficient to meet the full demand, leading to substantial annual imports from Russia and other countries. As Indian agriculture continues to grow, the demand for ammonium nitrate in India is likely to keep increasing, with imports expected to rise further.
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