Global Bio-based PVC Plasticizer Market Analysis and Forecast 2024-2030

Global Bio-based PVC Plasticizer Market Analysis and Forecast 2024-2030


Summary

According to APO Research, The global Bio-based PVC Plasticizer market is projected to grow from US$ million in 2024 to US$ million by 2030, at a Compound Annual Growth Rate (CAGR) of % during the forecast period.

The US & Canada market for Bio-based PVC Plasticizer is estimated to increase from $ million in 2024 to reach $ million by 2030, at a CAGR of % during the forecast period of 2025 through 2030.

Asia-Pacific market for Bio-based PVC Plasticizer is estimated to increase from $ million in 2024 to reach $ million by 2030, at a CAGR of % during the forecast period of 2025 through 2030.

The China market for Bio-based PVC Plasticizer is estimated to increase from $ million in 2024 to reach $ million by 2030, at a CAGR of % during the forecast period of 2025 through 2030.

Europe market for Bio-based PVC Plasticizer is estimated to increase from $ million in 2024 to reach $ million by 2030, at a CAGR of % during the forecast period of 2025 through 2030.

The major global manufacturers of Bio-based PVC Plasticizer include Proviron, Dow, Roquette, Lanxess, BASF, Evonik, ACS Technical Products, Solvay and Vertellus, etc. In 2023, the world's top three vendors accounted for approximately % of the revenue.

In terms of production side, this report researches the Bio-based PVC Plasticizer production, growth rate, market share by manufacturers and by region (region level and country level), from 2019 to 2024, and forecast to 2030.

In terms of consumption side, this report focuses on the sales of Bio-based PVC Plasticizer by region (region level and country level), by Company, by Type and by Application. from 2019 to 2024 and forecast to 2030.

This report presents an overview of global market for Bio-based PVC Plasticizer, capacity, output, revenue and price. Analyses of the global market trends, with historic market revenue or sales data for 2019 - 2023, estimates for 2024, and projections of CAGR through 2030.

This report researches the key producers of Bio-based PVC Plasticizer, also provides the consumption of main regions and countries. Of the upcoming market potential for Bio-based PVC Plasticizer, and key regions or countries of focus to forecast this market into various segments and sub-segments. Country specific data and market value analysis for the U.S., Canada, Mexico, Brazil, China, Japan, South Korea, Southeast Asia, India, Germany, the U.K., Italy, Middle East, Africa, and Other Countries.

This report focuses on the Bio-based PVC Plasticizer sales, revenue, market share and industry ranking of main manufacturers, data from 2019 to 2024. Identification of the major stakeholders in the global Bio-based PVC Plasticizer market, and analysis of their competitive landscape and market positioning based on recent developments and segmental revenues. This report will help stakeholders to understand the competitive landscape and gain more insights and position their businesses and market strategies in a better way.

This report analyzes the segments data by Type and by Application, sales, revenue, and price, from 2019 to 2030. Evaluation and forecast the market size for Bio-based PVC Plasticizer sales, projected growth trends, production technology, application and end-user industry.

Bio-based PVC Plasticizer segment by Company

Proviron
Dow
Roquette
Lanxess
BASF
Evonik
ACS Technical Products
Solvay
Vertellus
Emery Oleochemicals
Matrica

Bio-based PVC Plasticizer segment by Type

Citric Acid
Castor Oil
Stearic Acid
Succinic Acid
Epoxidized Soybean Oil
Others

Bio-based PVC Plasticizer segment by Application

Packaging Materials
Medical Devices
Consumer Goods
Wires & Cables
Building & Construction
Others

Bio-based PVC Plasticizer segment by Region

North America
United States
Canada
Europe
Germany
France
U.K.
Italy
Netherlands
Asia-Pacific
China
Japan
South Korea
India
Australia
China Taiwan
Southeast Asia
Latin America
Mexico
Brazil
Argentina
Middle East & Africa
Turkey
Saudi Arabia
UAE

Study Objectives

1. To analyze and research the global status and future forecast, involving, production, value, consumption, growth rate (CAGR), market share, historical and forecast.
2. To present the key manufacturers, capacity, production, revenue, market share, and Recent Developments.
3. To split the breakdown data by regions, type, manufacturers, and Application.
4. To analyze the global and key regions market potential and advantage, opportunity and challenge, restraints, and risks.
5. To identify significant trends, drivers, influence factors in global and regions.
6. To analyze competitive developments such as expansions, agreements, new product launches, and acquisitions in the market.

Reasons to Buy
This Report
1. This report will help the readers to understand the competition within the industries and strategies for the competitive environment to enhance the potential profit. The report also focuses on the competitive landscape of the global Bio-based PVC Plasticizer market, and introduces in detail the market share, industry ranking, competitor ecosystem, market performance, new product development, operation situation, expansion, and acquisition. etc. of the main players, which helps the readers to identify the main competitors and deeply understand the competition pattern of the market.
2. This report will help stakeholders to understand the global industry status and trends of Bio-based PVC Plasticizer and provides them with information on key market drivers, restraints, challenges, and opportunities.
3. This report will help stakeholders to understand competitors better and gain more insights to strengthen their position in their businesses. The competitive landscape section includes the market share and rank (in volume and value), competitor ecosystem, new product development, expansion, and acquisition.
4. This report stays updated with novel technology integration, features, and the latest developments in the market.
5. This report helps stakeholders to gain insights into which regions to target globally.
6. This report helps stakeholders to gain insights into the end-user perception concerning the adoption of Bio-based PVC Plasticizer.
7. This report helps stakeholders to identify some of the key players in the market and understand their valuable contribution.

Chapter Outline

Chapter 1: Introduces the report scope of the report, executive summary of different market segments (by type and by application, etc), including the market size of each market segment, future development potential, and so on. It offers a high-level view of the current state of the market and its likely evolution in the short to mid-term, and long term.
Chapter 2: Introduces the market dynamics, latest developments of the market, the driving factors and restrictive factors of the market, the challenges and risks faced by manufacturers in the industry, and the analysis of relevant policies in the industry.
Chapter 3: Bio-based PVC Plasticizer production/output of global and key producers (regions/countries). It provides a quantitative analysis of the production, and development potential of each producer in the next six years.
Chapter 4: Sales (consumption), revenue of Bio-based PVC Plasticizer in global, regional level and country level. It provides a quantitative analysis of the market size and development potential of each region and its main countries and introduces the market development, future development prospects, market space of each country in the world.
Chapter 5: Detailed analysis of Bio-based PVC Plasticizer manufacturers competitive landscape, price, sales, revenue, market share and industry ranking, latest development plan, merger, and acquisition information, etc.
Chapter 6: Provides the analysis of various market segments by type, covering the sales, revenue, average price, and development potential of each market segment, to help readers find the blue ocean market in different market segments.
Chapter 7: Provides the analysis of various market segments by application, covering the sales, revenue, average price, and development potential of each market segment, to help readers find the blue ocean market in different downstream markets.
Chapter 8: Provides profiles of key manufacturers, introducing the basic situation of the main companies in the market in detail, including product descriptions and specifications, Bio-based PVC Plasticizer sales, revenue, price, gross margin, and recent development, etc.
Chapter 9: North America (US & Canada) by type, by application and by country, sales, and revenue for each segment.
Chapter 10: Europe by type, by application and by country, sales, and revenue for each segment.
Chapter 11: China by type, by application, sales, and revenue for each segment.
Chapter 12: Asia (Excluding China) by type, by application and by region, sales, and revenue for each segment.
Chapter 13: Middle East, Africa, Latin America by type, by application and by country, sales, and revenue for each segment.
Chapter 14: Analysis of industrial chain, sales channel, key raw materials, distributors and customers.
Chapter 15: The main concluding insights of the report.

Please Note: Single-User license will be delivered via PDF from the publisher without the rights to print or to edit.


1 Market Overview
1.1 Product Definition
1.2 Bio-based PVC Plasticizer Market by Type
1.2.1 Global Bio-based PVC Plasticizer Market Size by Type, 2019 VS 2023 VS 2030
1.2.2 Citric Acid
1.2.3 Castor Oil
1.2.4 Stearic Acid
1.2.5 Succinic Acid
1.2.6 Epoxidized Soybean Oil
1.2.7 Others
1.3 Bio-based PVC Plasticizer Market by Application
1.3.1 Global Bio-based PVC Plasticizer Market Size by Application, 2019 VS 2023 VS 2030
1.3.2 Packaging Materials
1.3.3 Medical Devices
1.3.4 Consumer Goods
1.3.5 Wires & Cables
1.3.6 Building & Construction
1.3.7 Others
1.4 Assumptions and Limitations
1.5 Study Goals and Objectives
2 Bio-based PVC Plasticizer Market Dynamics
2.1 Bio-based PVC Plasticizer Industry Trends
2.2 Bio-based PVC Plasticizer Industry Drivers
2.3 Bio-based PVC Plasticizer Industry Opportunities and Challenges
2.4 Bio-based PVC Plasticizer Industry Restraints
3 Global Bio-based PVC Plasticizer Production Overview
3.1 Global Bio-based PVC Plasticizer Production Capacity (2019-2030)
3.2 Global Bio-based PVC Plasticizer Production by Region: 2019 VS 2023 VS 2030
3.3 Global Bio-based PVC Plasticizer Production by Region
3.3.1 Global Bio-based PVC Plasticizer Production by Region (2019-2024)
3.3.2 Global Bio-based PVC Plasticizer Production by Region (2025-2030)
3.3.3 Global Bio-based PVC Plasticizer Production Market Share by Region (2019-2030)
3.4 North America
3.5 Europe
3.6 China
3.7 Japan
4 Global Market Growth Prospects
4.1 Global Bio-based PVC Plasticizer Revenue Estimates and Forecasts (2019-2030)
4.2 Global Bio-based PVC Plasticizer Revenue by Region
4.2.1 Global Bio-based PVC Plasticizer Revenue by Region: 2019 VS 2023 VS 2030
4.2.2 Global Bio-based PVC Plasticizer Revenue by Region (2019-2024)
4.2.3 Global Bio-based PVC Plasticizer Revenue by Region (2025-2030)
4.2.4 Global Bio-based PVC Plasticizer Revenue Market Share by Region (2019-2030)
4.3 Global Bio-based PVC Plasticizer Sales Estimates and Forecasts 2019-2030
4.4 Global Bio-based PVC Plasticizer Sales by Region
4.4.1 Global Bio-based PVC Plasticizer Sales by Region: 2019 VS 2023 VS 2030
4.4.2 Global Bio-based PVC Plasticizer Sales by Region (2019-2024)
4.4.3 Global Bio-based PVC Plasticizer Sales by Region (2025-2030)
4.4.4 Global Bio-based PVC Plasticizer Sales Market Share by Region (2019-2030)
4.5 US & Canada
4.6 Europe
4.7 China
4.8 Asia (Excluding China)
4.9 Middle East, Africa and Latin America
5 Market Competitive Landscape by Manufacturers
5.1 Global Bio-based PVC Plasticizer Revenue by Manufacturers
5.1.1 Global Bio-based PVC Plasticizer Revenue by Manufacturers (2019-2024)
5.1.2 Global Bio-based PVC Plasticizer Revenue Market Share by Manufacturers (2019-2024)
5.1.3 Global Bio-based PVC Plasticizer Manufacturers Revenue Share Top 10 and Top 5 in 2023
5.2 Global Bio-based PVC Plasticizer Sales by Manufacturers
5.2.1 Global Bio-based PVC Plasticizer Sales by Manufacturers (2019-2024)
5.2.2 Global Bio-based PVC Plasticizer Sales Market Share by Manufacturers (2019-2024)
5.2.3 Global Bio-based PVC Plasticizer Manufacturers Sales Share Top 10 and Top 5 in 2023
5.3 Global Bio-based PVC Plasticizer Sales Price by Manufacturers (2019-2024)
5.4 Global Bio-based PVC Plasticizer Key Manufacturers Ranking, 2022 VS 2023 VS 2024
5.5 Global Bio-based PVC Plasticizer Key Manufacturers Manufacturing Sites & Headquarters
5.6 Global Bio-based PVC Plasticizer Manufacturers, Product Type & Application
5.7 Global Bio-based PVC Plasticizer Manufacturers Commercialization Time
5.8 Market Competitive Analysis
5.8.1 Global Bio-based PVC Plasticizer Market CR5 and HHI
5.8.2 2023 Bio-based PVC Plasticizer Tier 1, Tier 2, and Tier 3
6 Bio-based PVC Plasticizer Market by Type
6.1 Global Bio-based PVC Plasticizer Revenue by Type
6.1.1 Global Bio-based PVC Plasticizer Revenue by Type (2019 VS 2023 VS 2030)
6.1.2 Global Bio-based PVC Plasticizer Revenue by Type (2019-2030) & (US$ Million)
6.1.3 Global Bio-based PVC Plasticizer Revenue Market Share by Type (2019-2030)
6.2 Global Bio-based PVC Plasticizer Sales by Type
6.2.1 Global Bio-based PVC Plasticizer Sales by Type (2019 VS 2023 VS 2030)
6.2.2 Global Bio-based PVC Plasticizer Sales by Type (2019-2030) & (Tons)
6.2.3 Global Bio-based PVC Plasticizer Sales Market Share by Type (2019-2030)
6.3 Global Bio-based PVC Plasticizer Price by Type
7 Bio-based PVC Plasticizer Market by Application
7.1 Global Bio-based PVC Plasticizer Revenue by Application
7.1.1 Global Bio-based PVC Plasticizer Revenue by Application (2019 VS 2023 VS 2030)
7.1.2 Global Bio-based PVC Plasticizer Revenue by Application (2019-2030) & (US$ Million)
7.1.3 Global Bio-based PVC Plasticizer Revenue Market Share by Application (2019-2030)
7.2 Global Bio-based PVC Plasticizer Sales by Application
7.2.1 Global Bio-based PVC Plasticizer Sales by Application (2019 VS 2023 VS 2030)
7.2.2 Global Bio-based PVC Plasticizer Sales by Application (2019-2030) & (Tons)
7.2.3 Global Bio-based PVC Plasticizer Sales Market Share by Application (2019-2030)
7.3 Global Bio-based PVC Plasticizer Price by Application
8 Company Profiles
8.1 Proviron
8.1.1 Proviron Comapny Information
8.1.2 Proviron Business Overview
8.1.3 Proviron Bio-based PVC Plasticizer Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2019-2024)
8.1.4 Proviron Bio-based PVC Plasticizer Product Portfolio
8.1.5 Proviron Recent Developments
8.2 Dow
8.2.1 Dow Comapny Information
8.2.2 Dow Business Overview
8.2.3 Dow Bio-based PVC Plasticizer Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2019-2024)
8.2.4 Dow Bio-based PVC Plasticizer Product Portfolio
8.2.5 Dow Recent Developments
8.3 Roquette
8.3.1 Roquette Comapny Information
8.3.2 Roquette Business Overview
8.3.3 Roquette Bio-based PVC Plasticizer Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2019-2024)
8.3.4 Roquette Bio-based PVC Plasticizer Product Portfolio
8.3.5 Roquette Recent Developments
8.4 Lanxess
8.4.1 Lanxess Comapny Information
8.4.2 Lanxess Business Overview
8.4.3 Lanxess Bio-based PVC Plasticizer Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2019-2024)
8.4.4 Lanxess Bio-based PVC Plasticizer Product Portfolio
8.4.5 Lanxess Recent Developments
8.5 BASF
8.5.1 BASF Comapny Information
8.5.2 BASF Business Overview
8.5.3 BASF Bio-based PVC Plasticizer Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2019-2024)
8.5.4 BASF Bio-based PVC Plasticizer Product Portfolio
8.5.5 BASF Recent Developments
8.6 Evonik
8.6.1 Evonik Comapny Information
8.6.2 Evonik Business Overview
8.6.3 Evonik Bio-based PVC Plasticizer Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2019-2024)
8.6.4 Evonik Bio-based PVC Plasticizer Product Portfolio
8.6.5 Evonik Recent Developments
8.7 ACS Technical Products
8.7.1 ACS Technical Products Comapny Information
8.7.2 ACS Technical Products Business Overview
8.7.3 ACS Technical Products Bio-based PVC Plasticizer Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2019-2024)
8.7.4 ACS Technical Products Bio-based PVC Plasticizer Product Portfolio
8.7.5 ACS Technical Products Recent Developments
8.8 Solvay
8.8.1 Solvay Comapny Information
8.8.2 Solvay Business Overview
8.8.3 Solvay Bio-based PVC Plasticizer Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2019-2024)
8.8.4 Solvay Bio-based PVC Plasticizer Product Portfolio
8.8.5 Solvay Recent Developments
8.9 Vertellus
8.9.1 Vertellus Comapny Information
8.9.2 Vertellus Business Overview
8.9.3 Vertellus Bio-based PVC Plasticizer Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2019-2024)
8.9.4 Vertellus Bio-based PVC Plasticizer Product Portfolio
8.9.5 Vertellus Recent Developments
8.10 Emery Oleochemicals
8.10.1 Emery Oleochemicals Comapny Information
8.10.2 Emery Oleochemicals Business Overview
8.10.3 Emery Oleochemicals Bio-based PVC Plasticizer Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2019-2024)
8.10.4 Emery Oleochemicals Bio-based PVC Plasticizer Product Portfolio
8.10.5 Emery Oleochemicals Recent Developments
8.11 Matrica
8.11.1 Matrica Comapny Information
8.11.2 Matrica Business Overview
8.11.3 Matrica Bio-based PVC Plasticizer Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2019-2024)
8.11.4 Matrica Bio-based PVC Plasticizer Product Portfolio
8.11.5 Matrica Recent Developments
9 North America
9.1 North America Bio-based PVC Plasticizer Market Size by Type
9.1.1 North America Bio-based PVC Plasticizer Revenue by Type (2019-2030)
9.1.2 North America Bio-based PVC Plasticizer Sales by Type (2019-2030)
9.1.3 North America Bio-based PVC Plasticizer Price by Type (2019-2030)
9.2 North America Bio-based PVC Plasticizer Market Size by Application
9.2.1 North America Bio-based PVC Plasticizer Revenue by Application (2019-2030)
9.2.2 North America Bio-based PVC Plasticizer Sales by Application (2019-2030)
9.2.3 North America Bio-based PVC Plasticizer Price by Application (2019-2030)
9.3 North America Bio-based PVC Plasticizer Market Size by Country
9.3.1 North America Bio-based PVC Plasticizer Revenue Grow Rate by Country (2019 VS 2023 VS 2030)
9.3.2 North America Bio-based PVC Plasticizer Sales by Country (2019 VS 2023 VS 2030)
9.3.3 North America Bio-based PVC Plasticizer Price by Country (2019-2030)
9.3.4 United States
9.3.5 Canada
10 Europe
10.1 Europe Bio-based PVC Plasticizer Market Size by Type
10.1.1 Europe Bio-based PVC Plasticizer Revenue by Type (2019-2030)
10.1.2 Europe Bio-based PVC Plasticizer Sales by Type (2019-2030)
10.1.3 Europe Bio-based PVC Plasticizer Price by Type (2019-2030)
10.2 Europe Bio-based PVC Plasticizer Market Size by Application
10.2.1 Europe Bio-based PVC Plasticizer Revenue by Application (2019-2030)
10.2.2 Europe Bio-based PVC Plasticizer Sales by Application (2019-2030)
10.2.3 Europe Bio-based PVC Plasticizer Price by Application (2019-2030)
10.3 Europe Bio-based PVC Plasticizer Market Size by Country
10.3.1 Europe Bio-based PVC Plasticizer Revenue Grow Rate by Country (2019 VS 2023 VS 2030)
10.3.2 Europe Bio-based PVC Plasticizer Sales by Country (2019 VS 2023 VS 2030)
10.3.3 Europe Bio-based PVC Plasticizer Price by Country (2019-2030)
10.3.4 Germany
10.3.5 France
10.3.6 U.K.
10.3.7 Italy
10.3.8 Netherlands
11 China
11.1 China Bio-based PVC Plasticizer Market Size by Type
11.1.1 China Bio-based PVC Plasticizer Revenue by Type (2019-2030)
11.1.2 China Bio-based PVC Plasticizer Sales by Type (2019-2030)
11.1.3 China Bio-based PVC Plasticizer Price by Type (2019-2030)
11.2 China Bio-based PVC Plasticizer Market Size by Application
11.2.1 China Bio-based PVC Plasticizer Revenue by Application (2019-2030)
11.2.2 China Bio-based PVC Plasticizer Sales by Application (2019-2030)
11.2.3 China Bio-based PVC Plasticizer Price by Application (2019-2030)
12 Asia (Excluding China)
12.1 Asia Bio-based PVC Plasticizer Market Size by Type
12.1.1 Asia Bio-based PVC Plasticizer Revenue by Type (2019-2030)
12.1.2 Asia Bio-based PVC Plasticizer Sales by Type (2019-2030)
12.1.3 Asia Bio-based PVC Plasticizer Price by Type (2019-2030)
12.2 Asia Bio-based PVC Plasticizer Market Size by Application
12.2.1 Asia Bio-based PVC Plasticizer Revenue by Application (2019-2030)
12.2.2 Asia Bio-based PVC Plasticizer Sales by Application (2019-2030)
12.2.3 Asia Bio-based PVC Plasticizer Price by Application (2019-2030)
12.3 Asia Bio-based PVC Plasticizer Market Size by Country
12.3.1 Asia Bio-based PVC Plasticizer Revenue Grow Rate by Country (2019 VS 2023 VS 2030)
12.3.2 Asia Bio-based PVC Plasticizer Sales by Country (2019 VS 2023 VS 2030)
12.3.3 Asia Bio-based PVC Plasticizer Price by Country (2019-2030)
12.3.4 Japan
12.3.5 South Korea
12.3.6 India
12.3.7 Australia
12.3.8 China Taiwan
12.3.9 Southeast Asia
13 Middle East, Africa and Latin America
13.1 Middle East, Africa and Latin America Bio-based PVC Plasticizer Market Size by Type
13.1.1 Middle East, Africa and Latin America Bio-based PVC Plasticizer Revenue by Type (2019-2030)
13.1.2 Middle East, Africa and Latin America Bio-based PVC Plasticizer Sales by Type (2019-2030)
13.1.3 Middle East, Africa and Latin America Bio-based PVC Plasticizer Price by Type (2019-2030)
13.2 Middle East, Africa and Latin America Bio-based PVC Plasticizer Market Size by Application
13.2.1 Middle East, Africa and Latin America Bio-based PVC Plasticizer Revenue by Application (2019-2030)
13.2.2 Middle East, Africa and Latin America Bio-based PVC Plasticizer Sales by Application (2019-2030)
13.2.3 Middle East, Africa and Latin America Bio-based PVC Plasticizer Price by Application (2019-2030)
13.3 Middle East, Africa and Latin America Bio-based PVC Plasticizer Market Size by Country
13.3.1 Middle East, Africa and Latin America Bio-based PVC Plasticizer Revenue Grow Rate by Country (2019 VS 2023 VS 2030)
13.3.2 Middle East, Africa and Latin America Bio-based PVC Plasticizer Sales by Country (2019 VS 2023 VS 2030)
13.3.3 Middle East, Africa and Latin America Bio-based PVC Plasticizer Price by Country (2019-2030)
13.3.4 Mexico
13.3.5 Brazil
13.3.6 Israel
13.3.7 Argentina
13.3.8 Colombia
13.3.9 Turkey
13.3.10 Saudi Arabia
13.3.11 UAE
14 Value Chain and Sales Channels Analysis
14.1 Bio-based PVC Plasticizer Value Chain Analysis
14.1.1 Bio-based PVC Plasticizer Key Raw Materials
14.1.2 Raw Materials Key Suppliers
14.1.3 Manufacturing Cost Structure
14.1.4 Bio-based PVC Plasticizer Production Mode & Process
14.2 Bio-based PVC Plasticizer Sales Channels Analysis
14.2.1 Direct Comparison with Distribution Share
14.2.2 Bio-based PVC Plasticizer Distributors
14.2.3 Bio-based PVC Plasticizer Customers
15 Concluding Insights
16 Appendix
16.1 Reasons for Doing This Study
16.2 Research Methodology
16.3 Research Process
16.4 Authors List of This Report
16.5 Data Source
16.5.1 Secondary Sources
16.5.2 Primary Sources
16.6 Disclaimer

Download our eBook: How to Succeed Using Market Research

Learn how to effectively navigate the market research process to help guide your organization on the journey to success.

Download eBook
Cookie Settings